Improving power distribution characteristics of space time block codes(STBCs),namely peak to average power ratio(PAPR),average to minimum power ratio(Ave/min),and probability of transmitting"zero"by antenna,...Improving power distribution characteristics of space time block codes(STBCs),namely peak to average power ratio(PAPR),average to minimum power ratio(Ave/min),and probability of transmitting"zero"by antenna,makes easier their practical implementation.To this end,this study proposes to multiply full diversity STB C with a non-singular matrix in multiple input multiple output(MIMO)or multiple input single output(MISO)systems with linear or maximum likelihood(ML)receivers.It is proved that the obtained code achieves full diversity and the order of detection complexity does not change.The proposed method is applied to different types of STBCs.The bit error rate(BER)and power distribution characteristics of the new codes demonstrate the superiority of the introduced method.Further,lower and upper bounds on the BER of the obtained STBCs are derived for all receivers.The proposed method provides trade-off among PAPR,spectral efficiency,energy efficiency,and BER.展开更多
The space time spreading, superimposed training sequences, and space-time coding are used to present a multiple input and multiple output （MIMO） systems model, and a closed-form of average error probability upper bo...The space time spreading, superimposed training sequences, and space-time coding are used to present a multiple input and multiple output （MIMO） systems model, and a closed-form of average error probability upper bound expression for MIMO correlated frequency-selective channel in the presence of interference （co-channel interference and jamming signals） is derived. Moreover, the correlation at both ends of the wireless link that can be incorporated equivalently into correlation at the transmit end is also derived, which is significant to analyze space-time link algorithm of MIMO systems.展开更多
基金supported by Iran National Science Foundation(INSF)under grant number 93018647。
文摘Improving power distribution characteristics of space time block codes(STBCs),namely peak to average power ratio(PAPR),average to minimum power ratio(Ave/min),and probability of transmitting"zero"by antenna,makes easier their practical implementation.To this end,this study proposes to multiply full diversity STB C with a non-singular matrix in multiple input multiple output(MIMO)or multiple input single output(MISO)systems with linear or maximum likelihood(ML)receivers.It is proved that the obtained code achieves full diversity and the order of detection complexity does not change.The proposed method is applied to different types of STBCs.The bit error rate(BER)and power distribution characteristics of the new codes demonstrate the superiority of the introduced method.Further,lower and upper bounds on the BER of the obtained STBCs are derived for all receivers.The proposed method provides trade-off among PAPR,spectral efficiency,energy efficiency,and BER.
基金the National Basic Research Program of China "973"(2008CB317109)the National "863" High-Tech Research and Development Program (2002AA123032)+2 种基金the National Natural Science Foundation of China (60572054)the Innovative Research Team Program of University of Electronic and Technology of Chinathe Doctor Foundation of Guilin University of Electronic Technology.
文摘The space time spreading, superimposed training sequences, and space-time coding are used to present a multiple input and multiple output （MIMO） systems model, and a closed-form of average error probability upper bound expression for MIMO correlated frequency-selective channel in the presence of interference （co-channel interference and jamming signals） is derived. Moreover, the correlation at both ends of the wireless link that can be incorporated equivalently into correlation at the transmit end is also derived, which is significant to analyze space-time link algorithm of MIMO systems.
文摘为了解决果园因农药过量使用导致的环境污染与农药浪费问题,提出了一种基于改进YOLACT的果树叶墙区域(Leaf wall area,LWA)实时检测方法,用于计算深度彩色双目相机采集视频中的叶墙区域距离及密度,为果园农药智慧喷施作业中农药喷洒剂量与喷洒距离的实时调整提供依据。首先,使用ConvNeXt主干网络改进了YOLACT模型,并引入NAM通道注意力机制对模型进行了优化;其次,提出了基于深度学习的果树叶墙密度检测方法;最后,通过阈值法排除深度图像中的干扰信息,简化了果树叶墙平均距离计算方法的处理流程。实验结果表明,改进YOLACT模型分割的APall为91.6%,相较于原始模型上升3.0个百分点,与YOLACT++、Mask R CNN和QueryInst模型相比分别高2.9、1.2、4.1个百分点;叶墙密度估计算法在叶墙顶部、中部和底部的均方根误差(Root mean square error,RMSE)分别为1.49%、0.82%、2.20%;叶墙区域实时检测方法的处理速度可达29.96 f/s。
