Preweaning period is a critical window for rumen microbial regulation of average daily gain in Holstein heifer calves

Background Rumen bacterial groups can affect growth performance,such as average daily gain(ADG),feed intake,and efficiency.The study aimed to investigate the inter-relationship of rumen bacterial composition,rumen fermentation indicators,serum indicators,and growth performance of Holstein heifer calves with different ADG.Twelve calves were chosen from a trail with 60 calves and divided into higher ADG(HADG,high pre-and post-weaning ADG,n=6)and lower ADG(LADG,low pre-and post-weaning ADG,n=6)groups to investigate differences in bacterial composition and functions and host phenotype.Results During the preweaning period,the relative abundances of propionate producers,including g_norank_f_Butyricicoccaceae,g_Pyramidobacter,and g_norank_f_norank_o_Clostridia_vadin BB60_group,were higher in HADG calves(LDA>2,P<0.05).Enrichment of these bacteria resulted in increased levels of propionate,a gluconeogenic precursor,in preweaning HADG calves(adjusted P<0.05),which consequently raised serum glucose concentrations(adjusted P<0.05).In contrast,the relative abundances of rumen bacteria in post-weaning HADG calves did not exert this effect.Moreover,no significant differences were observed in rumen fermentation parameters and serum indices between the two groups.Conclusions The findings of this study revealed that the preweaning period is the window of opportunity for rumen bacteria to regulate the ADG of calves.

Optimizing Average Electric Power During the Charging of Lithium-Ion Batteries Through the Taguchi Method

In recent times, lithium-ion batteries have been widely used owing to their high energy density, extended cycle lifespan, and minimal self-discharge rate. The design of high-speed rechargeable lithium-ion batteries faces a significant challenge owing to the need to increase average electric power during charging. This challenge results from the direct influence of the power level on the rate of chemical reactions occurring in the battery electrodes. In this study, the Taguchi optimization method was used to enhance the average electric power during the charging process of lithium-ion batteries. The Taguchi technique is a statistical strategy that facilitates the systematic and efficient evaluation of numerous experimental variables. The proposed method involved varying seven input factors, including positive electrode thickness, positive electrode material, positive electrode active material volume fraction, negative electrode active material volume fraction, separator thickness, positive current collector thickness, and negative current collector thickness. Three levels were assigned to each control factor to identify the optimal conditions and maximize the average electric power during charging. Moreover, a variance assessment analysis was conducted to validate the results obtained from the Taguchi analysis. The results revealed that the Taguchi method was an eff ective approach for optimizing the average electric power during the charging of lithium-ion batteries. This indicates that the positive electrode material, followed by the separator thickness and the negative electrode active material volume fraction, was key factors significantly infl uencing the average electric power during the charging of lithium-ion batteries response. The identification of optimal conditions resulted in the improved performance of lithium-ion batteries, extending their potential in various applications. Particularly, lithium-ion batteries with average electric power of 16 W and 17 W during charging were designed and simulated in the range of 0-12000 s using COMSOL Multiphysics software. This study efficiently employs the Taguchi optimization technique to develop lithium-ion batteries capable of storing a predetermined average electric power during the charging phase. Therefore, this method enables the battery to achieve complete charging within a specific timeframe tailored to a specificapplication. The implementation of this method can save costs, time, and materials compared with other alternative methods, such as the trial-and-error approach.

Average Secrecy Capacity of the Reconfigurable Intelligent Surface-Assisted Integrated Satellite Unmanned Aerial Vehicle Relay Networks

Integrated satellite unmanned aerial vehicle relay networks(ISUAVRNs)have become a prominent topic in recent years.This paper investigates the average secrecy capacity(ASC)for reconfigurable intelligent surface(RIS)-enabled ISUAVRNs.Especially,an eve is considered to intercept the legitimate information from the considered secrecy system.Besides,we get detailed expressions for the ASC of the regarded secrecy system with the aid of the reconfigurable intelligent.Furthermore,to gain insightful results of the major parameters on the ASC in high signalto-noise ratio regime,the approximate investigations are further gotten,which give an efficient method to value the secrecy analysis.At last,some representative computer results are obtained to prove the theoretical findings.

Probability Distribution of China Aviation Network Average Degree of Edge Vertices and Its Evolutionary Trace Based on Complex Network

In order to reveal the complex network characteristics and evolution principle of China aviation network, the probability distribution and evolution trace of average degree of edge vertices of China aviation network were studied based on the statistics data of China civil aviation network in 1988, 1994, 2001, 2008 and 2015. According to the theory and method of complex network, the network system was constructed with the city where the airport was located as the network node and the route between cities as the edge of the network. Based on the statistical data, the average degrees of edge vertices in China aviation network in 1988, 1994, 2001, 2008 and 2015 were calculated. Using the probability statistical analysis method and regression analysis approach, it was found that the average degree of edge vertices had the probability distribution of normal function and the position parameters and scale parameters of the probability distribution had linear evolution trace.

Nonlinear Relationship and Its Evolutionary Trace between Node Degree and Average Path Length of China Aviation Network Based on Complex Network

In order to reveal the complex network characteristics and evolution principle of China aviation network,the relationship between the node degree and the average path length of China aviation network in 1988,1994,2001,2008 and 2015 was studied.According to the theory and method of complex network,the network system was constructed with the city where the airport was located as the network node and the airline as the edge of the network.On the basis of the statistical data,the node average path length of China aviation network in 1988,1994,2001,2008 and 2015 was calculated.Through regression analysis,it was found that the node degree had a logarithmic relationship with the average length of node path,and the two parameters of the logarithmic relationship had linear evolutionary trace.Key word:China aviation network,complex network,node degree,average length of node path,logarithmic relationship,evolutionary trace.

基于小波分解和ARIMA-GARCH-GRU组合模型的制造业PMI预测

制造业采购经理人指数(PMI)是反映国家经济运行情况的重要指标,而传统预测模型对该类时序数据预测精度不高。针对制造业PMI指数的非线性、波动性和数据量少的特点,提出一种基于一维离散小波变换进行数据预处理的组合模型。时序数据经过小波变换,由整合移动平均自回归–广义自回归条件异方差模型(ARIMA-GARCH)处理稳态低频数据,门控循环单元(GRU)处理波动性强的高频数据,将各频段预测结果进行融合得到最终预测结果。为验证模型有效性,选取一定数据量的PMI指数进行实验。结果表明,与其他常见模型对比,本文构建的组合模型具有较好的预测精度与性能,平均绝对误差(MAE)、均方根误差(RMSE)、平均绝对百分比误差(MAPE)分别达到0.00329、0.004162、0.65%。

基于NAR-ARIMA组合模型的高速公路沥青路面破损状况预测

基于NAR神经网络模型和ARIMA传统时间序列预测模型,对高速公路沥青路面的破损状况进行预测,再分别通过最优加权法和残差优化法对两种预测模型进行组合,得到两种组合模型.对各单一模型和组合模型的精度和稳定性进行了比较分析.实例分析表明,组合模型相较于单一模型的精度和稳定性均有所提升,NAR-ARIMA最优加权组合模型预测效果最佳.该组合模型所需样本量较小,且基于时间序列.由于采用历史数据作为影响因素代替指标,该组合模型计算速度快、精度高,适用于日常的预测工作,为后续合理的道路养护决策提供了重要的理论依据.

基于ARIMA模型的黄土高原河谷城市生态足迹动态模拟及测算——以甘肃省兰州市为例

为了从经济发展的角度探究生态足迹动态变化的成因,论文在测算黄土高原河谷城市——甘肃省兰州市2002—2014年人均生态足迹的发展轨迹的基础上,引入ARIMA模型,模拟预测了该市2015—2020年生态足迹变化趋势。研究结果显示:1)2002—2014年,甘肃省兰州市人均生态足迹总体呈现上升态势,数值由2.70 hm^(2)增长至4.25 hm^(2),增幅达到1.57倍;2)从生态足迹增速看,2002—2014年人均生态足迹平均增速达到4.04%,同一时期兰州市地区生产总值平均增速为11.88%,较人均生态足迹增速高出7.84%,表明该地区经济发展的速度高于资源环境消耗的速度;3)2015—2020年甘肃省兰州市人均生态足迹仍然呈现上升态势,预测值分别达到4.48 hm^(2)、4.61 hm^(2)、4.75 hm^(2)、4.89 hm^(2)、5.02 hm^(2)和5.17 hm^(2),甘肃省兰州市生态赤字逐年增大,总生态足迹是城市土地利用总面积的19.59倍,说明经济发展与地区生态需求呈现较强正相关性,环境库兹涅茨曲线“拐点”并未出现,处于不可持续发展状态。基于以上分析结果提出了甘肃省兰州市降低生态足迹的具体路径:1)实施产业结构调整,降低生态赤字,提升经济发展质量和可持续发展能力;2)推动绿色发展,构建生态类型多样、布局合理、功能完善的自然生态系统和城乡一体的生态网络,提高生态环境容量。

时序模型ARIMA在数据分析中的应用

时间序列是进行趋势分析的方法之一。随着大数据时代的到来,经济趋势、企业经营、市场预测和天气预测等常常需要进行预测和分析。本文对某知名化妆品公司2010年至2018年间的2122条股票数据,采用ARIMA模型进行趋势分析,预测未来的发展趋势。通过模型的拟合与效果考核,所得到的结果说明了应用ARIMA模型对股票进行趋势分析时,可以取得较好的预测效果。

基于ARIMA-TCN混合模型的高速铁路时间同步方法

列控系统作为高速铁路的核心系统,保持其系统的时间同步对于行车安全至关重要。针对现有时间同步方法易受时变上下行传输时延、随机时钟跳变等影响,导致主从时钟偏移估计不准确的问题,提出一种基于差分自回归移动平均-时域卷积神经网络(ARIMA-TCN)混合模型的高速铁路时间同步方法。首先,根据上下行链路传输速率的不对称比,建立高速铁路时钟的数学理论和实际观测模型。然后,使用拉依达准则识别处理跳变异常值,完成实际时间序列的预处理。再次,使用ARIMA模型平滑时间序列中不确定时延带来的噪声抖动,获得平稳的时间序列。最后,通过提出的注意力增强TCN模型进行预测补偿,完成时钟偏移的补偿校正。通过实验仿真,得到基站区间内位置、基站间距以及车速对高速铁路时间同步的影响性分析。实验结果表明:与对比方法相比,所提方法补偿后的均方根误差较最小二乘法减少了75%、较最大似然估计方法误差减少了44.4%,较BP神经网络方法误差减少了16.7%,验证所提方法具有更低的同步误差和更高的同步精度。

融合ARIMA模型和MCMC方法的非一致性设计洪水计算

常规非一致性频率分析方法在选择协变量、建立统计参数与协变量的函数关系方面均存在主观性,且仅获得设计洪水估计值,不能同时进行不确定性分析。为改进上述不足,建立了ARIMA-MCMC模型,在贝叶斯MCMC方法抽样过程中考虑统计参数拟合期内的时变性,进而对未来气候变化条件下的非一致性设计洪水频率分布模型参数进行抽样,基于参数后验分布进行设计洪水计算,并推求相应的置信区间。选取雅砻江流域小得石水文站作为分析对象,采用ARIMA-MCMC模型定量评估未来气候变化条件下小得石站设计洪水的变化情况。结果表明:基于ARIMA-MCMC方法的参数抽样收敛效果较好,3种情景下的模型统计量D均小于显著水平5%的临界值;除SSP2-4.5情景下P=0.1%和P=0.05%的设计值外,其他情况的设计最大日流量较历史期均明显增加,其中SSP1-2.6、SSP5-8.5情景下的增幅分别为7.1%~10.5%、13.9%~27.2%。本文建立的ARIMA-MCMC方法能够有效进行非一致性设计洪水频率分析。

基于ARIMA模型预测镇江市肺结核流行趋势及分析

目的通过构建季节性差分整合移动平均自回归模型(ARIMA模型)预测江苏省镇江市肺结核流行趋势并验证模型的有效性,探讨新型冠状病毒感染疫情对肺结核流行情况的影响。方法收集江苏省镇江市2014-2022年肺结核月发病数资料,构建季节性ARIMA模型,以2022年1-12月肺结核发病数验证预测模型效果,并分析预测误差产生的原因。结果2014-2022年镇江市共报告肺结核病例11316例,除2017、2019年发病率有所回升外,总体发病率呈下降趋势,发病主要集中在3-8月。ARIMA(1,1,1)(1,1,0)_(12)的BIC值(5.913)最小,残差白噪声也通过检验。但短期自相关部分的AR系数不显著,因此建立ARIMA(0,1,1)(1,1,0)_(12)。2022年镇江市肺结核月发病数实际值与预测值存在一定的偏差(平均相对预测误差为19.20%),但均在拟合值的95%可信区间内,实际月发病数(平均78例/月)与预测值(平均78例/月)变化趋势基本一致,模型拟合度较好,可用于预测镇江市肺结核流行情况。结论利用该模型对短期内镇江市肺结核发病数进行预测,认为镇江市肺结核流行总体上仍将长期保持下行趋势。

基于ARIMA与NNAR模型的甘肃省胰腺癌发病趋势预测

目的:分析2013-2021年甘肃省胰腺癌发病趋势,并对2022-2026年胰腺癌发病趋势进行预测。方法:收集2013-2021年甘肃省胰腺癌发病数据,通过计算年度变化百分比(annual percentage change,APC)和平均年度变化百分比(average annual percentage change,AAPC)分析其变化趋势;构建自回归移动平均(autoregressive integrated moving average,ARIMA)模型和神经网络自回归(neural network autoregression,NNAR)模型,比较两种模型预测精度并预测2022-2026年胰腺癌发病趋势。结果:选择精度更佳的ARIMA模型预测得到2022-2026年甘肃省胰腺癌发病率分别为5.58/10万、6.01/10万、6.44/10万、6.88/10万、7.31/10万。甘肃省胰腺癌发病率在2022-2026年仍保持上升趋势。结论:2022-2026年甘肃省胰腺癌发病率呈现上升趋势,ARIMA模型预测发病趋势具有良好的精度,可以为进一步疾病防控工作提供重要参考依据。

基于SARIMA和SVR组合模型的转向架系统寿命评估

随着地铁运营时间和里程的增加,地铁车辆逐渐接近其理论寿命,为确保车辆运行安全性,需对其重要子系统进行健康状态及剩余寿命评估。文中选取车辆转向架系统作为研究对象,提出了一种基于协方差优选法的季节性回归移动平均(SARIMA)和支持向量回归(SVR)的组合模型对转向架寿命进行评估。首先,将车辆转向架系统历史故障率转化为健康指数,然后基于协方差优选法将SARIMA和SVR进行赋权组合,根据转向架系统历史健康指数进行预测,最后建立历史和预测的健康指数与运行时间的数学模型,分析得到转向架系统的剩余寿命。以某地铁车辆转向架系统为例进行算例分析及验证,结果表明组合模型可更准确地预测其健康状态,为有关维修部门开展维修维护策略提供理论依据,估计得出其剩余寿命,为车辆寿命后期退役及延寿决策提供理论数据分析支撑。

基于ARIMA、GM(1,1)模型的高校ESI学科发展预测研究

[目的/意义]学科建设是高校提升教育质量的关键环节,对科学研究起着重要的支撑作用。采用数学统计建模探索一种科学有效的方法,实现潜力学科入围ESI前1%的时间预测,对于机构学科发展规划有着重要指导意义。[方法/过程]基于ESI数据库,获取目标机构4个潜力学科的被引频次和ESI入围阈值,建立时间序列并创建预测模型:先引入转换系数来去除不同数据库的差异,使其可比,然后分别拟合GM(1,1)模型、ARIMA模型,预测目标学术机构学科被引频次和ESI入围阈值,找到目标机构学科被引频次赶上ESI入围阈值的时间,即预测的入围时间。通过采用平均绝对百分比误差(MAPE)、平均绝对误差(MAE)和均方根误差(RMSE)对模型的拟合预测效果进行评估和比较,根据MAPE、MAE和RMSE三个指标来评价模型拟合及预测效果,以此为学校的学科建设及长远发展规划提供参考依据。[局限]本研究仅局限于目标机构4个学科的数据,尚需获取其他机构、更多学科的数据进行模型预测效果验证。[结果/结论]ARIMA模型的拟合效果和预测效果优于GM(1,1)模型。目标机构的生物学与生物化学学科可能于近期入围ESI前1%;免疫学科有入围ESI前1%学科的潜力,但入围时间可能会稍微滞后;分子生物学与遗传学和神经科学与行为学学科,离入围还有较大差距。

基于ARIMA-LSTM混合模型对传染病的预测分析

传染病一直是科学研究的热点,利用科学的方法控制传染病的传播对整个国家乃至全世界具有举足轻重的作用。文章选取乙类传染病中新型冠状病毒感染数据作为研究对象,搜集了北京市2022年1月至2022年4月新冠感染累计确诊病例数,构成时间序列,基于自回归移动平均模型(ARIMA)和长短期记忆神经网络(LSTM)的混合模型进行预测分析。结果表明,混合模型的预测结果与实际情况基本一致。

改进GM(1,1)-ARIMA-LR模型天然气产量预测研究

为提高天然气产量在少样本情形下预测的准确性,基于对过去的预测误差进行学习的思想,加入自适应学习因子和组合学习因子以改进模型,构建包含GM(1,1)、ARIMA和LR的集成预测模型。该模型以平均误差百分比为评价指标,依据预测步长变化和过去预测误差对单个模型分别进行动态调整,再建立目标规划模型对各模型进行动态加权。实证结果表明,改进GM(1,1)-ARIMA-LR模型能够更好地提取时间序列的长短时依赖关系,与其它的主流模型相比,其预测精度更高。对近5年的天然气产量进行一步、五步与八步预测,GM(1,1)-ARIMA-LR集成模型预测误差分别为1.187%、3.129%、9.855%。本文运用该模型对2023-2030年中国天然气产量进行预测。

基于ARIMA和GM(1,1)模型的互联网肿瘤专科门诊接诊现状预测研究

目的充分了解互联网肿瘤门诊接诊现状的变化趋势,为互联网医院的发展及管理提供支持。方法利用某肿瘤专科医院2021年1月—2023年6月互联网门诊接诊数据,分别构建ARIMA和GM(1,1)模型,采用平均绝对误差(MAE)和均方根误差(RMSE)评价拟合效果,基于优势模型预测2023年7—12月互联网门诊接诊比例及互联网门诊人次占线下门诊比例。结果通过ARIMA(1,1,2)和GM(1,1)模型对互联网门诊接诊比例进行预测,平均绝对误差分别为2.06%和2.41%,均方根误差分别为3.01%和3.17%;通过ARIMA(0,1,1)和GM(1,1)模型对互联网门诊人次占线下门诊比例进行预测,平均绝对误差分别为0.58%和1.08%,均方根误差分别为0.75%和1.31%,表明ARIMA模型的预测效果更好。预测结果显示,2023年12月互联网门诊接诊比例预测值为90.35%,互联网门诊人次占线下门诊比例预测值为16.46%。结论2021—2023年某肿瘤专科医院互联网接诊比例呈现持续稳定趋势,互联网门诊人次占线下门诊比例呈现持续上升的趋势。因此,医院需建立持续的监测机制,不断调整管理策略和措施,以满足患者的需求,持续推动互联网医疗服务高质量发展。

基于ARIMA模型的中国青光眼疾病负担预测研究

目的描述和分析1990—2019年中国青光眼疾病负担状况及其变化趋势,并预测2020—2050年中国青光眼疾病负担。方法从2019年全球疾病负担数据库中提取1990—2019年我国青光眼患病率、YLD率和DALYs率等疾病负担指标的数据,基于该数据建立自回归滑动平均模型(ARIMA模型)并预测2020—2050年我国青光眼疾病负担。结果1990—2019年,我国全年龄段青光眼的患病率从49.26/105增长至94.08/105,平均每年增长3.03%,且男性和女性青光眼患病率年均增长分别为2.63%和3.47%;我国全年龄段青光眼伤残所致生命年损失(YLD)率及伤残调整寿命年(DALY)率均由5.68/105提高至7.91/105,年均变化率为1.31%,男性和女性的青光眼YLD率及DALYs率均呈升高趋势,平均每年增长1.01%和1.69%。由ARIMA模型预测的青光眼疾病负担结果显示动态趋势与实际情况基本相同,且用于评估ARIMA模型的预测值与实际值的预测准确性指标:相对误差、平均绝对百分比误差(MAPE)、平均绝对误差(MAE)和均方根误差(RMSE)均很小,预测结果精确。经ARIMA模型预测得到2020年我国青光眼患病率为128.70/105,YLD率为10.63/105,DALYs率为10.63/105,到2050年,预计我国青光眼患病率为942.17/105,YLD率为10.87/105,DALYs率为10.87/105。结论ARIMA模型在拟合我国青光眼疾病负担应用中拟合效果和预测精度良好,可为青光眼疾病负担预测提供借鉴和参考,预计2020—2050年我国青光眼疾病负担呈现上升趋势。

Time series analysis-based seasonal autoregressive fractionally integrated moving average to estimate hepatitis B and C epidemics in China

BACKGROUND Hepatitis B(HB)and hepatitis C(HC)place the largest burden in China,and a goal of eliminating them as a major public health threat by 2030 has been set.Making more informed and accurate forecasts of their spread is essential for developing effective strategies,heightening the requirement for early warning to deal with such a major public health threat.AIM To monitor HB and HC epidemics by the design of a paradigmatic seasonal autoregressive fractionally integrated moving average(SARFIMA)for projections into 2030,and to compare the effectiveness with the seasonal autoregressive integrated moving average(SARIMA).METHODS Monthly HB and HC incidence cases in China were obtained from January 2004 to June 2023.Descriptive analysis and the Hodrick-Prescott method were employed to identify trends and seasonality.Two periods(from January 2004 to June 2022 and from January 2004 to December 2015,respectively)were used as the training sets to develop both models,while the remaining periods served as the test sets to evaluate the forecasting accuracy.RESULTS There were incidents of 23400874 HB cases and 3590867 HC cases from January 2004 to June 2023.Overall,HB remained steady[average annual percentage change(AAPC)=0.44,95%confidence interval(95%CI):-0.94-1.84]while HC was increasing(AAPC=8.91,95%CI:6.98-10.88),and both had a peak in March and a trough in February.In the 12-step-ahead HB forecast,the mean absolute deviation(15211.94),root mean square error(18762.94),mean absolute percentage error(0.17),mean error rate(0.15),and root mean square percentage error(0.25)under the best SARFIMA(3,0,0)(0,0.449,2)12 were smaller than those under the best SARIMA(3,0,0)(0,1,2)12(16867.71,20775.12,0.19,0.17,and 0.27,respectively).Similar results were also observed for the 90-step-ahead HB,12-step-ahead HC,and 90-step-ahead HC forecasts.The predicted HB incidents totaled 9865400(95%CI:7508093-12222709)cases and HC totaled 1659485(95%CI:856681-2462290)cases during 2023-2030.CONCLUSION Under current interventions,China faces enormous challenges to eliminate HB and HC epidemics by 2030,and effective strategies must be reinforced.The integration of SARFIMA into public health for the management of HB and HC epidemics can potentially result in more informed and efficient interventions,surpassing the capabilities of SARIMA.