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Genetic and biological properties of H9N2 avian influenza viruses isolated in central China from2020 to 2022
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作者 Libin Liang Yaning Bai +14 位作者 Wenyan Huang Pengfei Ren Xing Li Dou Wang Yuhan Yang Zhen Gao Jiao Tang Xingchen Wu Shimin Gao Yanna Guo Mingming Hu Zhiwei Wang Zhongbing Wang Haili Ma Junping Li 《Journal of Integrative Agriculture》 SCIE CAS CSCD 2024年第8期2778-2791,共14页
The H9N2 subtype of avian influenza virus(AIV)is widely prevalent in poultry and wild birds globally,and has become the predominant subtype circulating in poultry in China.The H9N2 AIV can directly or indirectly(by se... The H9N2 subtype of avian influenza virus(AIV)is widely prevalent in poultry and wild birds globally,and has become the predominant subtype circulating in poultry in China.The H9N2 AIV can directly or indirectly(by serving as a"donor virus")infect humans,posing a significant threat to public health.Currently,there is a lack of in-depth research on the prevalence of H9N2 viruses in Shanxi Province,central China.In this study,we isolated 14 H9N2 AIVs from October 2020 to April 2022 in Shanxi Province,and genetic analysis revealed that these viruses belonged to 7 different genotypes.Our study on animals revealed that the H9N2 strains we identified displayed high transmission efficiency among chicken populations,and exhibited diverse replication abilities within these birds.These viruses could replicate efficiently in the lungs of mice,with one strain also demonstrating the capacity to reproduce in organs like the brain and kidneys.At the cellular level,the replication ability of different H9N2 strains was evaluated using plaque formation assays and multi-step growth curve assays,revealing significant differences in the replication and proliferation efficiency of the various H9N2 viruses at the cellular level.The antigenicity analysis suggested that these isolates could be classified into 2 separate antigenic clusters.Our research provides crucial data to help understand the prevalence and biological characteristics of H9N2 AIVs in central China.It also highlights the necessity of enhancing the surveillance of H9N2 AIVs. 展开更多
关键词 avian influenza virus H9N2 central China PATHOGENICITY ANTIGENICITY
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转录因子MYB转录调控MTFR2通过DNA损伤修复促进胃癌细胞化疗耐药性
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作者 李春兴 迪力旦·纳斯尔 +1 位作者 托合提阿吉·巴拉提 阿不都外力·吾守尔 《遵义医科大学学报》 2024年第9期857-867,共11页
目的探究v-myb禽成髓细胞病病毒癌基因同源物(MYB)转录调控线粒体裂变调节因子2(MTFR2)对胃癌(GC)细胞顺铂(DDP)耐药性的影响及分子作用机制。方法TCGA数据库分析GC中差异mRNA并预测上游调控分子,qRT-PCR检测MTFR2和MYB的表达,双荧光素... 目的探究v-myb禽成髓细胞病病毒癌基因同源物(MYB)转录调控线粒体裂变调节因子2(MTFR2)对胃癌(GC)细胞顺铂(DDP)耐药性的影响及分子作用机制。方法TCGA数据库分析GC中差异mRNA并预测上游调控分子,qRT-PCR检测MTFR2和MYB的表达,双荧光素酶和染色质免疫共沉淀(ChIP)实验验证MTFR2和MYB的调控关系,细胞计数盒8(CCK-8)检测细胞活力并计算IC_(50)值,流式细胞术检测细胞周期和细胞凋亡,彗星实验检测DNA损伤,蛋白质免疫印迹法检测DNA损伤相关蛋白(γ-H2AX、ATM、p-ATM)的表达。结果MTFR2在GC组织和细胞中显著高表达,敲低MTFR2能够降低细胞增殖,阻滞S期,诱导细胞凋亡,促进DNA损伤和DDP敏感性。生信预测MTFR2存在上游转录因子MYB,MYB在GC组织和细胞中的表达显著上调,双荧光素酶和ChIP验证了MTFR2启动子区域与MYB的结合关系。回复实验发现进一步过表达MTFR2能够逆转敲低MYB对GC细胞增殖和DDP耐药性的抑制作用。结论MYB上调MTFR2的表达通过DNA损伤途径促进GC细胞增殖和DDP耐药,表明靶向MYB/MTFR2调控轴可能是克服GC DDP耐药性的潜在途径。 展开更多
关键词 V-myb禽成髓细胞瘤病毒癌基因同源物 线粒体裂变调节因子2 DNA损伤修复 胃癌 顺铂耐药
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天蚕素对H_(9)N_(2)亚型禽流感病毒和禽致病性大肠杆菌共感染肉鸡的干预作用
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作者 王许刚 卢佳慧 +5 位作者 袁佳欣 常伽翌 范雨欣 李龙飞 张瑞华 徐彤 《饲料研究》 CAS 北大核心 2024年第15期73-78,共6页
试验旨在探讨天蚕素对H_(9)N_(2)亚型禽流感病毒(AIV)与禽致病性大肠杆菌(APEC)共感染致炎性渗出的干预效果,为临床H_(9)N_(2)亚型AIV与APEC共感染的有效防治提供参考。试验选取150只14日龄白羽肉鸡,随机分为5组,每组3个重复,每个重复1... 试验旨在探讨天蚕素对H_(9)N_(2)亚型禽流感病毒(AIV)与禽致病性大肠杆菌(APEC)共感染致炎性渗出的干预效果,为临床H_(9)N_(2)亚型AIV与APEC共感染的有效防治提供参考。试验选取150只14日龄白羽肉鸡,随机分为5组,每组3个重复,每个重复10只鸡。对照组肉鸡使用无菌生理盐水0.2 mL滴鼻,APEC感染组肉鸡使用含2.09×109 CFU APEC O2菌株肉汤0.2 mL滴鼻,H_(9)N_(2)感染组肉鸡使用H_(9)N_(2)病毒尿囊液(约105 EID50 H_(9)N_(2)病毒)0.2 mL滴鼻,H_(9)N_(2)+APEC感染组肉鸡使用0.2 mL APEC O2菌株肉汤离心后的沉淀与0.2 mL H_(9)N_(2)病毒尿囊液混匀得到的病毒尿囊液滴鼻,H_(9)N_(2)+APEC干预组肉鸡采用与H_(9)N_(2)+APEC感染组相同处理后,使用天蚕素饮水(300 mg/kg)+基础饲粮饲喂,其余各组正常饮水+基础饲粮饲喂。正式试验期21 d。结果显示,H_(9)N_(2)+APEC感染组肉鸡临床症状极为明显,死亡率显著升高(P<0.05),气管和肺脏病变最为严重。与H_(9)N_(2)+APEC感染组相比,H_(9)N_(2)感染组和APEC感染组在感染后第3、7、14、21 d时的H_(9)N_(2)病毒拷贝数和APEC载量均显著降低(P<0.05);H_(9)N_(2)+APEC干预组在感染后第3、7、14、21 d时的H_(9)N_(2)病毒拷贝数均显著降低(P<0.05),H_(9)N_(2)+APEC干预组在感染后第7、14、21 d时的APEC载量均显著降低(P<0.05)。研究表明,天蚕素可以缓解H_(9)N_(2)亚型AIV、APEC以及两者共感染引起的肉鸡呼吸道症状,降低死亡率,其机制与天蚕素降低病原在组织内的载量及修复呼吸系统、改善呼吸机能有关。 展开更多
关键词 肉鸡 H_(9)N_(2)亚型禽流感病毒 禽致病性大肠杆菌 合并感染 天蚕素
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Complete Genome Sequencing and Genetic Variation Analysis of Two H9N2 Subtype Avian Influenza Virus Strains 被引量:2
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作者 沈佳 章振华 +3 位作者 姜北宇 李林 景小冬 张建伟 《Agricultural Science & Technology》 CAS 2011年第2期291-294,共4页
[Objective] The study aimed to investigate the genetic variation characters of entire sequences between two H9N2 subtype avian influenza virus strains and other reference strains.[Method] The entire sequences of 8 gen... [Objective] The study aimed to investigate the genetic variation characters of entire sequences between two H9N2 subtype avian influenza virus strains and other reference strains.[Method] The entire sequences of 8 genes were obtained by using RT-PCR,and these sequences were analyzed with that of six H9N2 subtype avian influenza isolates in homology comparison and genetic evolution relation.[Result] The results showed that the nucleotide sequence of entire gene of the strain shared 91.1%-95.4% homology with other seven reference strains,and PG08 shared the highest homology 91.3% with C/BJ/1/94;ZD06 shared the highest homology 92.3% with D/HK/Y280/97.HA cleavage sites of two H9N2 subtype avian influenza virus isolated strains were PARSSR/GLF,typical of mildly pathogenic avian influenza virus.[Conclusion] Phylogenetic tree for entire gene of eight strains showed that the genetic relationship was the closest between ZD06 and C/Pak/2/99 strains,which belonged to the Eurasian lineage;PG08 shared the highest homology 91.3% with ZD06,it may be the product of gene rearrangements of other sub-lines. 展开更多
关键词 avian influenza virus H9N2 subtype Complete genome Sequence analysis
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Sequence Analysis of HA Genes from Three H9N2 Subtype Avian Influenza Viruses 被引量:2
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作者 韩春华 林健 +3 位作者 刘月焕 潘洁 马明 刘永宏 《Animal Husbandry and Feed Science》 CAS 2009年第1期32-35,共4页
[ Objective] The study aimed to understand the genetic characters of H9N2 subtype avian influenza viruses isolated in Belling area. [ Method] HA genes of three H9N2 subtype avian influenza viruses A/Chicken/Beijing/xu... [ Objective] The study aimed to understand the genetic characters of H9N2 subtype avian influenza viruses isolated in Belling area. [ Method] HA genes of three H9N2 subtype avian influenza viruses A/Chicken/Beijing/xu/00, A/Chicken/Beijing/bei/00 and A/Chicken/Beijing/ liu/00 were amplified by RT-PCR and then sequenced. [ Result] The results of phylogenetic analysis showed that A/Chicken/Beijing/xu/00, A/ Chicken/Beijing/bei/00 and A/Chicken/Beijing/liu/00 shared the nucleotide homologies of 84.8% ( Dk/HK/Y439/97 ) -98.0% ( Ck/GX17/00 ), 85.1% (Dk/HK/Y439/97) - 99.1% ( Ck/GXl 7/00), 90.7% ( Ck/BJ/3/01 ) - 99.1% (Ck/GX17/00) with the isolates from Hongkong and other are- as of Chinese Mainland respectively. At the same time, the analysis of amino acid indicated that the three isolates belonged to low pathogenic H9N2 isolates of avian origin. The 226^th amino acid of them were L ( Leu), suggesting their high binding affinity to human cells. There were seven glyco- sylation sites in HA protein, five from HA1 and two from HA2. [ Cenclusien] By analysis at molecular level, it could be concluded that A/Chicken/ Beijing/xu/00, A/Chicken/Beijing/bei/00 and A/Chicken/Beijing/liu/00 were low pathogenic H9N2 isolates of avian origin. 展开更多
关键词 H9N2 subtype avian influenza virus HA gene Sequence analysis
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Sequence Comparison and Analysis of HA Gene of Four H9N2 Avian Influenza Virus Isolates
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作者 章振华 于博 +4 位作者 姜北宇 钱爱东 李林 景小冬 张建伟 《Agricultural Science & Technology》 CAS 2009年第5期55-58,64,共5页
[ Objective] To determine the HA gene sequences of four H9N2 Avian influenza virus (AIV) strains and carry out comparative analysis so as to understand the difference and variation pattern of each strain from the an... [ Objective] To determine the HA gene sequences of four H9N2 Avian influenza virus (AIV) strains and carry out comparative analysis so as to understand the difference and variation pattern of each strain from the angle of molecular biology and to know the distribution and epidemic law of H9N2 AIV. [Method] One pair of primers was designed referring to HA gene sequences of H9N2 AIV. The HA genes of A/Chicken/Hebei/WD/98 (H9N2; WD98 for short), A/Chicken/Hebei/ZD/04 (H9N2; ZD04 for short)), A/Chicken/Beijing/MY/06 (H9N2; MY06 for short) ), and A/Chicken/Beijing/PG/08 (H9N2; PG08 for short)) were amplified, cloned and sequenced. Then the HA gene sequences of these strains were compared with that of 10 H9N2 AIV stains in GenBank. [Result] The ORF of HA genes of the four strains was 1 683 bp in size, encoding 516 amino acids. The HA gene sequences of the four strains, WD98, MY06, PG08, and ZD04, were 82.6% -95.1%, 83.0% -99.0%, 82.7% -95.5%, and 81.3% -95.7% homologous to that of the 10 H9N2 AIV stains, respectively. And the homology of amino acid was respectively 86.6% -96.3%, 86.6% -97.9%, 87.0% -97.1%, and 86.9% -97.3%. [ Conclusion] The HA gene has greatly high homology among different strains. 展开更多
关键词 avian influenza H9N2 Sequence analysis Hemagglutinin gene
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Astragalus polysaccharide enhances immunity and inhibits H9N2 avian influenza virus in vitro and in vivo 被引量:50
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作者 Sanpha Kallon Xiaorong Li +7 位作者 Jun Ji Cuiying Chen Qianyun Xi Shuang Chang Chunyi Xue Jingyun Ma Qingmei Xie Youngliang Zhang 《Journal of Animal Science and Biotechnology》 SCIE CAS 2013年第4期325-335,共11页
This study investigated the humoral immunization of Astragalus polysaccharide (APS) against HgN2 avian influenza virus (H9N2 AIV) infection in chickens. The effects of APS treatment on H9N2 infection was evaluated... This study investigated the humoral immunization of Astragalus polysaccharide (APS) against HgN2 avian influenza virus (H9N2 AIV) infection in chickens. The effects of APS treatment on H9N2 infection was evaluated by an Mqq- [3(4, 5-dimethylthiazol-2-yl)-2, 3-diphenyl tetrazolium bromide] assay and analysis of MFIC and cytokine mRNA expression. The effect on lymphocyte and serum antibody titers in vivo was also investigated. IL-4, IL-6, IL-10, LITAF, IL-12 and antibody titers to H9N2 AIV wet enhanced in the first week after APS treatment. The results indicated that APS treatment reduces H9N2 AIV replication and promotes early humoral immune responses in young chickens.This study investigated the humoral immunization of Astragalus polysaccharide (APS) against HgN2 avian influenza virus (H9N2 AIV) infection in chickens. The effects of APS treatment on HgN2 infection was evaluated by an M]q- [3(4, 5-dimethylthiazol-2-yl)-2, 3-diphenyl tetrazolium bromide] assay and analysis of MHC and cytokine mRNA expression. The effect on lymphocyte and serum antibody titers in vivo was also investigated. IL-4, IL-6, IL-10, LITAF, IL-12 and antibody titers to PIgN2 AIV were enhanced in the first week after APS treatment. The results indicated that APS treatment reduces HgN2 AIV replication and promotes early humoral immune responses in young chickens. 展开更多
关键词 Astrogalus polysaccharide HgN2 avian influenza virus Immune effect
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Genetic Variation Analysis on the Whole Genomic Sequence of a H9N2 Subtype Avian Influenza Virus Isolate 被引量:7
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作者 YU Bo ZHANG Zhen-hua +4 位作者 JIANG Bei-yu QIAN Ai-dong LI Lin JING Xiao-dong ZHANG Jian-wei 《Animal Husbandry and Feed Science》 CAS 2009年第11期33-36,共4页
A Objective3 This study was to understand the genetic variation characters of the H9N2 subtype avian influenza virus isolate (A/Chicken/ Hebei/WD/98, abbreviated as WD98) by comparing with other reference strains. I... A Objective3 This study was to understand the genetic variation characters of the H9N2 subtype avian influenza virus isolate (A/Chicken/ Hebei/WD/98, abbreviated as WD98) by comparing with other reference strains. I-Method3 Eight complete genes were amplified by RT-PCR and sequenced. The homology and genetic evolution relationship were analyzed between these sequences and that of the seven reference strains. [Result] The whole genomic sequence of WD98 strain was 91.1% -95.8% homologous to that of seven reference strains tested. This isolate shared the highest homology (95.8%) to D/HK/Y280/97 and the lowest homology (91.1% ) to C/Pak/2/99. The HA cleavage site of the WD98 strain was R-S-S-R G, and the 226th amino acid at receptor-binding site was Gin. [ Condmion] WD98 strain belongs to mildly pathogenic avian in- fluenza virus and may not infect human. The genetic relationship is the closest between A/Chicken/Hebei/wD/98 and A/duck/HongKong/Y280/ 97, both of which belong to the sub-line of A/Chicken/Beijing/1/94 in Eurasian line. And A/Chicken/Hebei/WD/98 and A/Chicken/Beijing/1/94 are genetically distant within the same sub-line. 展开更多
关键词 avian influenza virus H9N2 subtype Genomic sequence Genetic variation
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Pathogenesis and Immunogenicity of an Avian H9N2 Influenza Virus Isolated from Human 被引量:2
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作者 LIU LiQi Li Zi ZHOU JianFang ZHU Yun DONG Jie ZHAO Xiang GUO JunFeng SHU YueLong 《Biomedical and Environmental Sciences》 SCIE CAS CSCD 2011年第5期530-536,共7页
Objective To investigate the pathogenesis and immunogenicity of H9N2 influenza virus A/Guangzhou/333/99 (a reassortant of G1 and G9 viruses isolated from a female patient in 1999) in a mouse model of infection.Metho... Objective To investigate the pathogenesis and immunogenicity of H9N2 influenza virus A/Guangzhou/333/99 (a reassortant of G1 and G9 viruses isolated from a female patient in 1999) in a mouse model of infection.Methods Mice were infected with increasing virus titers.Viral load in the lungs and trachea was determined by EID50 assay.Pulmonary histopathology was assessed by hematoxylin‐eosin staining.Anti‐HI antibody titers and T‐cell responses to viral HA were determined by ELISPOT and confirmed by flow cytometry.Results Mice presented a mild syndrome after intranasal infection with A/Guangzhou/333/99 (H9N2) influenza virus.Virus was detected in the trachea and lungs of mice harvested on days 3,6,and 9 post‐infection.A T‐cell response to viral HA was detected on day 6 and H9 HA‐specific CD 4+ T‐cells predominated.Seroconversion was detected after 14 days and antibody persisted for at least 28 weeks.Conclusion Our results suggest that H9N2 (A/Guangzhou/333/99) can replicate in the murine respiratory tract without prior adaptation,and both humoral and cell‐mediated immunity play an important role in the immune response. 展开更多
关键词 avian influenza H9N2 Pathogenic characteristics Host immune responses
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Avian influenza virus surveillance in migratory birds in Egypt revealed a novel reassortant H6N2 subtype 被引量:1
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作者 Ali M.Zanaty Ahmed M.Erfan +7 位作者 Wessam H.Mady Fatma Amer Ahmed A.Nour Neveen Rabie Mohamed Samy Abdullah A.Selim Wafaa M.M.Hassan Mahmoud M.Naguib 《Avian Research》 CSCD 2019年第4期507-516,共10页
Background:Avian influenza viruses(AIVs)have been identified from more than 100 different species of wild birds around the globe.Wild migratory birds can act as potential spreaders for AIVs to domestic birds between d... Background:Avian influenza viruses(AIVs)have been identified from more than 100 different species of wild birds around the globe.Wild migratory birds can act as potential spreaders for AIVs to domestic birds between different countries.Egypt is situated on important migratory flyways for wild birds between different continents.While much is known about circulation of zoonotic potential H5N1 and H9N2 AIVs in domestic poultry in Egypt,little is known about the pivotal role of migratory birds in the maintenance and transmission of the viruses in Egypt.Methods:Targeted AIV surveillance has been conducted in 2017 in different wetlands areas in Northern and Eastern Egypt.Results:AIV of subtype H5 was detected in two bird species.In addition,a novel reassortant strain of the H6N2 subtype was identified which reveals the continuous risk of new influenza virus(es)introduction into Egypt.This novel virus possesses a reassortant pattern originating from different AIV gene pools.Conclusions:Intervention control strategies should be performed to minimize the possible contact of domestic birds with wild birds to lower the risk of virus transmission at this interface.In addition,constant monitoring of AIVs in migratory birds is essential in the early detection of influenza virus introduction into Egypt. 展开更多
关键词 avian in fluenza virus H6N2 EGYPT REASSORTMENT Wild birds
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Pathogenicity and amino acid sequences of hemagglutinin cleavage site and neuraminidase stalk of differently passaged H9N2-avian influenza virus in broilers 被引量:1
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作者 Houssam A. Shaib Nelly Cochet +4 位作者 Thierry Ribeiro Afif M. Abdel Nour Georges Nemer Maya F. Saade Elie K. Barbour 《Advances in Bioscience and Biotechnology》 2011年第4期198-206,共9页
Low pathogenic Avian Influenza (AI) virus has the ability to evolve to high pathogenic viruses resulting in significant economic losses in the poultry sector. This study aims at assessing the impact of H9N2 viral pass... Low pathogenic Avian Influenza (AI) virus has the ability to evolve to high pathogenic viruses resulting in significant economic losses in the poultry sector. This study aims at assessing the impact of H9N2 viral passaging in broilers and its relatedness to pathogenicity and amino acid (a.a) sequences of the hemagglutinin (HA) cleavage site and neuraminidase (NA) stalk. The original H9N2 AI virus (P0) was used to challenge ten-21 days old broilers. Individual recovery of H9N2 virus from homogenates of trachea, lungs and airsacs was attempted in 9 days old chicken embryos, as a conclusion of the first passage (P1). Tracheal isolates of H9N2 were passaged for a second (P2) and a third (P3) time in broilers, followed by a similar embryonic recovery procedure. The a.a. sequence of a part of HA1 cleavage site and Neuraminidase stalk were compared among the differently passaged viruses;an assessement of the relatedness of the determined a.a. sequences to the pathogenicity in broilers, based on frequency of mortality, morbidity signs, gross and microscopic lesions at 3 days post challenge with the P1, P2, and P3-H9N2, is concluded. An increase in certain morbidity signs and specific lesions was observed in P2- and P3-H9N2 challenged broilers compared to birds challenged with P1-H9N2. A conserved R-S-S-R amino acid sequence at the HA1 cleavage site was observed in the differently passaged H9N2, associated with a variability in the NA stalk-a.a sequences. The passaging of the low pathogenic H9N2 virus in broilers leads to a trend of increase in pathogenicity, manifested in higher frequency of morbidity signs, and of specific gross and microscopic lesions of the examined organs. This passaging was associated with a conserved a.a. sequence of the hemaglutinin cleavage site and a variability in the sequence of the neuraminidase stalk. A detailed study of the potential of the detected variability in the neuraminidase stalk of H9N2 in induction of a higher pathogenicity in broilers will be the subject of future investigations. 展开更多
关键词 H9N2 avian Influenza PATHOGENICITY Passaging BROILERS Amino Acid Sequences HEMAGGLUTININ (HA) NEURAMINIDASE (NA) STALK
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Genome Sequencing and Phylogenetic Analysis of Three Avian Influenza H9N2 Subtypes in Guangxi
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作者 Zhi-xun XIE Jian-bao DONG +6 位作者 Xiao-fei TANG Jia-bo LIU Yao-shan PANG Xian-wen DENG Zhi-qin XIE Li-ji XIE Mazhar I Khan 《Virologica Sinica》 SCIE CAS CSCD 2009年第1期37-44,共8页
Three isolates of H9N2 Avian Influenza viruses (AIV) were isolated from chickens in Guangxi province. Eight pairs of specific primers were designed and synthesized according to the sequences of H9N2 at GenBank. phylog... Three isolates of H9N2 Avian Influenza viruses (AIV) were isolated from chickens in Guangxi province. Eight pairs of specific primers were designed and synthesized according to the sequences of H9N2 at GenBank. phylogenetic analysis showed a high degree of homology between the Guangxi isolates and isolates from Guangdong and Jiangsu provinces, suggesting that the Guangxi isolates originated from the same source. However, the eight genes of the three isolates from Guangxi were not in the same sublineages in their respective phylogenetic trees, which suggests that they were products of natural reassortment between H9N2 avian influenza viruses from different sublineages. The 9 nucleotides ACAGAGATA which encode amino acids T, G, I were absent between nucleotide 205 and 214 in the open reading frame of the NA gene in the Guangxi isolates. AIV strains that infect human have, in their HA proteins, leucine at position 226. The analysis of deduced amino acid sequence of HA proteins showed that position 226 of these isolates contained glycine instead of leucine, suggesting that these three isolates differ from H9N2 AIV strains isolated from human infections. 展开更多
关键词 avian influenza virus (AIV) H9N2 subtype Complete genes Sequencing and analysis
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No signature of selection on the C-terminal region of glucose transporter 2 with the evolution of avian nectarivory
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作者 Alexander M.Myrka Tooba Shah +1 位作者 Jason T.Weir Kenneth C.Welch Jr. 《Avian Research》 CSCD 2020年第4期380-390,共11页
Background:Flying birds,especially those that hover,need to meet high energetic demands.Birds that meet this demand through nectarivory face the added challenges of maintaining homeostasis in the face of spikes in blo... Background:Flying birds,especially those that hover,need to meet high energetic demands.Birds that meet this demand through nectarivory face the added challenges of maintaining homeostasis in the face of spikes in blood sugar associated with nectar meals,as well as transporting that sugar to energetically demanding tissues.Nectarivory has evolved many times in birds and we hypothesized that the challenges of this dietary strategy would exert selective pressure on key aspects of metabolic physiology.Specifically,we hypothesized we would find convergent or parallel amino acid substitutions among different nectarivorous lineages in a protein important to sensing,regulating,and transporting glucose,glucose transporter 2(GLUT2).Methods:Genetic sequences for GLUT2 were obtained from ten pairs of nectarivorous and non-nectarivorous sister taxa.We performed PCR amplification of the intracellular C-terminal domain of GLUT2 and adjacent protein domains due to the role of this region in determination of transport rate,substrate specificity and glucosensing.Results:Our findings have ruled out the C-terminal regulatory region of GLUT2 as a target for selection by sugar-rich diet among avian nectarivores,though selection among hummingbirds,the oldest avian nectarivores,cannot be discounted.Conclusion:Our results indicate future studies should examine down-stream targets of GLUT2-mediated glucosensing and insulin secretion,such as insulin receptors and their targets,as potential sites of selection by nectarivory in birds. 展开更多
关键词 GLUT2 NECTARIVORY avian Glucosensing GLUCOSE DIET Insulin signalling
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Pathogenecity of Avian Influenza Virus H5N2: A Report from Western Iran
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作者 A. M. Bahrami A. Delpisheh +1 位作者 H. Mirzaei A. Haeri 《Journal of Agricultural Science and Technology(A)》 2011年第2X期211-216,共6页
Influenza type A, is an avian disease with a complicated ecology and transmission routes in verity of avian and mammalian species. The present study aimed to demonstrate the characteristic, clinical and experimental f... Influenza type A, is an avian disease with a complicated ecology and transmission routes in verity of avian and mammalian species. The present study aimed to demonstrate the characteristic, clinical and experimental features as well as pathogenecity of Avian Influenza Virus H5N2 through a laboratory-based experiment in western Iran. A post-mortem examination of experimentally chickens was undertaken in 2007. Overall 25 local native chickens including 15 layers and 10 roosters suspected with AI infection as well as 50 experimental chickens were studied. The virus was isolated from the embryonated specific pathogen-free (SPF) chicken eggs. There was an embryo mortality rate of 71% within 48 hours post inoculation (PI). Hemagglutinin (HA) inhibition titres against AIV subtype H5N2 in the layers ranged from 4.20 to 4.75 (acute) and 6.21 to 7.82 (convalescent). Accumulated mucous in trachea of the dissected birds, congested lungs, atrophied bursa, haemorrhagic cecal tonsils and inflamed thymus were the main clinical symptoms. Thickened and infected air sacs, pre hepatitis and enteritis signs were also observed, in experimental birds, the eyes' colour became red and the eyelashes were almost double in diameters after being infected. The AI virus found in the present study was classified as a highly pathogenic avian influenza. 展开更多
关键词 avian INFLUENZA CHICKEN H5N2 virus Iran.
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Transmission of Avian Influenza Virus by Humpback Whale and Its Stranding along the Atlantic Coast with CO<sub>2</sub>Emissions
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作者 Tai-Jin Kim 《Journal of Biomedical Science and Engineering》 2018年第12期359-381,共23页
Humpback whales are migratory, spending summers in cooler, high-latitude waters and mating and calving in tropical and subtropical waters in 14 identified district population segments. It may be possible that the coas... Humpback whales are migratory, spending summers in cooler, high-latitude waters and mating and calving in tropical and subtropical waters in 14 identified district population segments. It may be possible that the coastal areas are infected with low pathogenic avian influenza (LPAI) during the release of infected humpback whale feces. Therefore, humpback whales can be an effective reservoir of the avian influenza virus (AIV) from the Poles to the Continents to spread AIV to coastal animals. Strong ultraviolet (UV) exposure amidst CO2 emission increase and minimal sunspot number might cause mutations of aquatic virus and humpback whale in the Antarctic and the Arctic. LPAI or highly pathogenic avian influenza (HPAI) is expressed in the Continents under appropriate environmental factors. Since penguins are birds while humpback whales are marine mammals, the humpback whales infected by the mutant virus might cause interspecies transmission to a new host with evolutionary changes. The migration pattern is seasonally similar between migratory bird and humpback whale except: 1) different species of bird versus whale, 2) different landing area of land versus coast, 3) similar infection means of bird feces versus humpback whale feces. The contribution of AIV transmission by whales was several times larger than that by migratory birds. Therefore, the routes of humpback whales should be considered to prevent AIV outbreaks in addition to the flyways of migratory birds. Humpback whale stranding (y) along the Atlantic Coast of the USA was correlated with CO2 emissions (x) to have y = 0.3515x + 18.595 (R2 = 0.4069) during 1992-2016 while y = 0.0652x + 4.5847, (R2 = 0.6128) during 2016-2018. AIV outbreak in 2010 (y) along the Atlantic Coast was also correlated with humpback whale stranding (2016-2018) (x) as y = 0.1387x + 6.8184 (R2 = 0.3966). Since AIV outbreak was linearly (R2 = 0.9967) correlated with the minimum sunspot number, it was postulated that the unusual mortality events of humpback whale stranding might be caused by an infected mutant virus in the Arctic. Consequently, the humpback whales were stranded along major CO2 producing Atlantic Coast States toward the winter habitat of the West Indies during the CO2 emissions and the minimal sunspot number with strong UV radiation. The stranded dead whales should be burned as soon as possible to prevent further deadly viral interspecies transmission of AIV by the coastal animals. Since CO2 emissions were increased in 2017 and the sunspot number was minimal at the end of 2018, serious numbers of whales are expected to be stranded at the Gulf of Maine, States of North Carolina, New York, and Virginia from November 2018 till April 2019. To save humpback whales from the unusual mortality event along the Atlantic Coast, the reduction of CO2 emissions is suggested by replacement of fossil fuels combustion plants with nuclear power plants along the Atlantic Coast of the USA. 展开更多
关键词 TRANSMISSION avian Influenza Virus Humpback Whale STRANDING CO2 EMISSIONS
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Effects of Trypsin on Proliferation of Avian Influenza Virus H9N2 Subtype in MDCK Cells
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作者 SHI Ai-hua JIANG Bei-yu SHEN Jia JING Xlao-dong ZHANG Zhen-hua LI Lin ZHANG Jian-wei 《Animal Husbandry and Feed Science》 CAS 2011年第6期26-28,34,共4页
[Objective] The study aims to determine the optimal concentration of trypsin for the proliferation of avian influenza virus (AIV) H9N2 subtype in Madin- Darby canine kidney (MDCK) cells. [Method] Three AIV H9 subt... [Objective] The study aims to determine the optimal concentration of trypsin for the proliferation of avian influenza virus (AIV) H9N2 subtype in Madin- Darby canine kidney (MDCK) cells. [Method] Three AIV H9 subtype isolates were inoculated on MDCK cells respectively. Then, DMEM containing different concentrations of trypsin as maintenance media were added to MDCK monolayer cells. The cytopathic effect (CPE) was observed once every 24 h, and the HA titer of the supematant was measured by HA assay. [Result] When the trypsin concentration was 10 -20 μg/ml in DMEM, the HA titer of virus culture reached 7 log2 (1:128). Almost all cells were cytopathic after 96 h post inoculation with 1:1 000 or 1:10 000 dilution of AIV culture, and the virus titer reached a peak after 72 -96 h. [ Conclusion] The optimal concentration of trypsin is 10 -20 pg/ml for proliferation of AIV H9N2 subtype in MDCK cells. 展开更多
关键词 avian influenza virus H9N2 subtype Madin -Darby canine kidney cell Trypsin concentration
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The cloning of non-structural-1 (NS1) gene of H9N2 subtype of avian influenza virus in pGEX-4T-1 and pMAL-c2X plasmids and expression in <i>Escherichia coli</i>DH5<i>α</i>strain
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作者 Ramin Soleimani Mehdi Vasfi Marandi +1 位作者 Mohammad Bagher Hashemi-Soteh Farhid Hemmatzadeh 《Advances in Bioscience and Biotechnology》 2012年第3期283-289,共7页
Avian influenza is a viral contagious disease that affects poultry industry and human health. Vaccination has been considered as a preventive tool in the eradication of AI, but it causes some limitations including tra... Avian influenza is a viral contagious disease that affects poultry industry and human health. Vaccination has been considered as a preventive tool in the eradication of AI, but it causes some limitations including trade embargoes and interfering with serologic surveillance in differentiation between infected and vaccinated animals (DIVA strategy). Several distinct DIVA strategies have been presented to conquer these limitations. In this study, the open reading frame of NS1 gene of a H9N2 subtype of AI virus was amplified by polymerase chain reaction. After extraction and purification of NS1 gene from agarose gel, it was inserted into two different pGEX-4T-1 and pMAL-c2X plasmids and transferred in DH5α strain of Escherichia coli by using electroporation procedure. The E. coli colonies possessing recombinant NS1 gene were screened using PCR, restriction mapping and sequencing analysis. The expressed rNS1 protein was purified using affinity chromatography based on MBP (pMAL- c2X) and GST (pGEX-4T-1). The MBP-NS1 and GST- NS1 proteins on SDS-PAGE had bands with molecular weight of 68 and 52 kDa respectively. Western blotting with MBP-NS1 protein showed positive reaction using antisera obtained from chickens challenged with a H9N2 subtype strain. But, the most sera prepared from H9N2 vaccinated chickens were negative in WB. These findings indicated that the MBP-rNS1 protein of 26 kDa expressed by pMAL-c2X plasmid can be used in a DIVA for differentiation of AI infected and vaccinated chickens. 展开更多
关键词 avian Influenza Virus H9N2 Subtype Recombinant PROTEIN NON-STRUCTURAL PROTEIN 1 DIVA
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禽腺病毒血清2型分离鉴定及感染SPF鸡发病模型建立
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作者 胡鑫宇 孙敏华 +3 位作者 曾庆航 谢梓民 袁朝霞 廖明 《广东农业科学》 CAS 2023年第7期146-155,F0002,共11页
【目的】建立禽腺病毒血清2型(FAdV-2)的发病模型,为评价FAdV-2的免疫原性和疫苗有效性提供参考。【方法】对疑似禽腺病毒感染的样品进行分离鉴定,对分离株Fiber基因和Hexon基因序列进行遗传演化分析,使用DNAStar和MEGA7.0软件对分离株... 【目的】建立禽腺病毒血清2型(FAdV-2)的发病模型,为评价FAdV-2的免疫原性和疫苗有效性提供参考。【方法】对疑似禽腺病毒感染的样品进行分离鉴定,对分离株Fiber基因和Hexon基因序列进行遗传演化分析,使用DNAStar和MEGA7.0软件对分离株和其他FAdV代表株进行核苷酸和氨基酸同源性比较。在确定分离到的病毒为FAdV-2后,通过动物实验分析分离株在不同感染途径和不同感染剂量下对6周龄SPF鸡的致病性,筛选出建立FAdV-2血清型发病模型的最佳感染方式和最佳感染剂量。【结果】从发病鸡组织样品中成功分离得到1株FAdV-2血清型毒株,命名为KM株。遗传演化分析表明,KM株和GX01株同属于禽腺病毒Ⅰ群D种中的FAdV-2血清型;同源性分析结果显示,KM株和GX01株的Fiber基因和Hexon基因核苷酸序列同源性分别为98.9%和99.3%,推导出氨基酸同源性分别为98.9%和98.8%。KM株静脉注射感染途径的致病性高于肌肉注射,试验鸡出现明显的心包积液-肝炎综合征;KM株发病模型的感染途径为静脉注射,感染剂量为108.0 TCID50,感染后鸡群死亡率为50%,剖检病死鸡可见明显的病理变化,鸡群感染后1 d泄殖腔排毒阳性。【结论】首次验证了FAdV-2能引发心包积液-肝炎综合征,建立了FAdV-2感染SPF鸡的发病模型,可为药物研发和疫苗评价提供一定参考,将有效预防和减少FAdV-2传播。 展开更多
关键词 禽腺病毒 动物模型 分离鉴定 禽腺病毒血清2型(FAd V-2) 致病性 心包积液-肝炎综合征
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8株禽源H_(9)N_(2)亚型禽流感病毒分离鉴定及M基因的序列分析
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作者 杨金波 李培东 +1 位作者 刘春国 范春艳 《现代畜牧兽医》 2023年第1期11-16,共6页
试验旨在了解中国目前H_(9)N_(2)亚型禽流感病毒(AIV) M基因的遗传变异情况,对2019—2022年分离到的8株H_(9)N_(2)亚型AIV M基因进行测序,并对核苷酸序列、氨基酸序列一致性和分子遗传进化进行分析。结果显示:8株分离株与参考株序列一... 试验旨在了解中国目前H_(9)N_(2)亚型禽流感病毒(AIV) M基因的遗传变异情况,对2019—2022年分离到的8株H_(9)N_(2)亚型AIV M基因进行测序,并对核苷酸序列、氨基酸序列一致性和分子遗传进化进行分析。结果显示:8株分离株与参考株序列一致性均在88.4%以上,8株分离株M之间的核苷酸一致性为88.0%~99.7%;XD1~XD7属于G1-like分支,XD8属于BJ94-like分支。与经典株相比,分离株产生多个增加病毒感染性的突变。XD1~XD7含有对金刚烷胺类药物抗性的31N突变,而XD8则对金刚烷胺类药物敏感。研究表明,试验结果可为AIV的M蛋白相关生物学机制提供一定参考。 展开更多
关键词 禽流感病毒 H_(9)N_(2)亚型 M基因 序列分析
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在疫苗免疫选择压力下H_9N_2亚型禽流行性感冒病毒HA基因的遗传变异 被引量:31
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作者 刘红旗 黄勇 +4 位作者 程坚 彭大新 贾立军 张如宽 刘秀梵 《病毒学报》 CAS CSCD 北大核心 2002年第2期149-154,共6页
为了解H9N2 亚型禽流行性感冒 (流感 )病毒在同亚型灭活疫苗的选择压力下的遗传变异情况 ,对某鸡场的感染鸡群进行连续 4年的跟踪监测 ,对使用疫苗前和持续使用疫苗后不同时段分离到的H9N2 亚型禽流感病毒的HA基因进行全序列分析。结果... 为了解H9N2 亚型禽流行性感冒 (流感 )病毒在同亚型灭活疫苗的选择压力下的遗传变异情况 ,对某鸡场的感染鸡群进行连续 4年的跟踪监测 ,对使用疫苗前和持续使用疫苗后不同时段分离到的H9N2 亚型禽流感病毒的HA基因进行全序列分析。结果表明 ,在使用第一次分离的病毒株制备的疫苗后 8个月分离到的病毒株 ,其HA基因仅发生一个氨基酸的差异 ;但在继续使用该疫苗的第二个和第三个年头分离的病毒株 ,它们的HA基因则一直在发生较大的变化。这一发现对进一步研究禽流感病毒在不断使用疫苗的选择压力下发生变异的规律 。 展开更多
关键词 疫苗免疫选择压力 H9N2亚型禽流行性感冒病毒 HA基因 遗传变异
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