Numerical Simulation of Axial Inflow Characteristics and Aerodynamic Noise in a Large-Scale Adjustable-Blade Fan

Numerical simulation are conducted to explore the characteristics of the axial inflow and related aerodynamic noise for a large-scale adjustable fan with the installation angle changing from−12°to 12°.In such a range the maximum static(gauge)pressure at the inlet changes from−2280 Pa to 382 Pa,and the minimum static pressure decreases from−3389 Pa to−8000 Pa.As for the axial intermediate flow surface,one low pressure zone is located at the junction of the suction surface and the hub,another is located at the suction surface close to the casing position.At the outlet boundary,the low pressure is negative and decreases from−1716 Pa to−4589 Pa.The sound pressure level of the inlet and outlet noise tends to increase monotonously by 11.6 dB and 7.3 dB,respectively.The acoustic energy of discrete noise is always higher than that of broadband noise regardless of whether the inlet or outlet flow surfaces are considered.The acoustic energy ratio of discrete noise at the inlet tends to increase from 0.78 to 0.93,while at the outlet it first decreases from 0.79 to 0.73 and then increases to 0.84.

Numerical Investigation on Vortex Structure and Aerodynamic Noise Performance of Small Axial Flow Fan

The details of unsteady flow field in small axial fans are described and the relationship between the internal flow char- acteristics and aerodynamic noise of small axial flow fans are explored in the manuscript. Firstly, the broadband noise model is introduced to calculate the distributions of broadband noise sources in fan’s internal flow field, and further fan’s internal flow characteristics affecting broadband noise sources are analyzed by the main distributions of broad- band noise sources. Secondly, the unsteady characteristics of vortex structure in fan’s internal flow field are analyzed by large eddy simulation, and FH-W acoustic model is introduced to calculate aerodynamic noise affected by the unsteady characteristics of vortex structure. Finally, Monitoring points are set up near and far field of small axial fans, at which sound pressure level and spectral characteristics are analyzed. The results show that broadband noise sources are mainly distributed at the tip clearance close to blade trailing edge and one third of chord length of blade trailing edge of small axial fans. The maximum sound power of broadband noise sources at the tip clearance is greater than that at blade trail- ing edge. Sound power level of broadband noise near one third of blade chord length of blade trailing edge is first in- creasing and then decreasing when the distance between radial planes and the center of fan hub increases. Fan’s internal flow characteristics affecting broadband noise sources are the tip leakage vortex and the trailing edge vortex shedding. The tip leakage vortices at the leading edge of blade tip first integrate and then break down, while vortex cores of the trailing edge vortex shedding gradually move from blade hub to one-third of blade chord length and then move to far field within a one-seventh of the rotation cycle. Within a flow passage of fan rotation period, sound pressure level of the monitoring points is relevant to the unsteady feature of vortex structure and the main bands of aerodynamic noise of monitor points are irrelevant to the unsteady feature of vortex structure, relating to the distance between the monitor points and fan. With the above distance increasing, the main bands of aerodynamic noise are widened and moved from the low bands to high bands. All conclusions in the paper will provide significant references for reducing the noise of small axial flow fans.

INTERNAL FLOW MECHANISM AND EXPERIMENTAL RESEARCH OF LOW PRESSURE AXIAL FAN WITH FORWARD-SKEWED BLADES

This article presents the flow mechanism analysis and experimental study of a forward-skewed impeller and a radial impeller in low pressure axial fan. The forward-skewed blade was obtained by the optimization design of the radial blade and CFD technique. Measurement of the two blades was carried out in aerodynamic and aeroacoustic performance. Compared to the radial blade, the forward-skewed blade has demonstrated the improvements in efficiency, total pressure ratio, Stable Operating Range （SOR） and less aerodynamic noise. Detailed flow measurement and computation were performed for outlet flow field for investigating the responsible flow mechanisms. The results show the forward-skewed blade can cause a spanwise redistribution of flow toward the blade mid-span and reduce tip loading. This results in reduced significantly total pressure loss near hub and shroud endwall region, despite the slight increase of total pressure loss at mid-span.

Effects of a Kind of Non-smooth Blade on the Performance of an Axial Fan

This paper presents an experimental investigation of effects of a kind of streamwise-grooved blade on the performance of an axial-flow fan. The flow field at 25% chord downstream from the trailing edge at hub was measured using a 5-hole pressure probe at different mass-flow conditions. The fan performance of the groove blades was compared with that of the smooth blades. The measurement results indicate that： （ 1 ） the non-smooth blades increase mass flow of the fan at the same throttle conditions except a near stall condition; （2） the non-smooth blades reduce the relative total pressure loss in the rotor passage and increase the fan＇s total pressure rise at the test mass-flow conditions except the near stall condition; （3） Negative benefits are obtained at a near stall condition when the smooth blades are replaced by the non-smooth ones. The fan mass flow decreases 0.9% while the total-pressure rise decreases 2.4% at the near stall condition.

冷却风扇气动性能及噪声模拟与试验验证

为评估冷却风扇气动性能及噪声,以某摩托车用轴流式冷却风扇为研究对象,应用计算流体力学和计算声学方法,采用流体分析软件STAR-CCM+和噪声分析软件Virtual Lab对风扇性能及噪声开展研究,并与风扇性能和噪声试验数据对比验证计算模型的可靠性。结果表明:轴流式冷却风扇风量仿真值与实测值变化趋势一致,最大误差约为4.9%,总体平均误差约为2.94%。轴流式风扇转速4213 r/min及风压0 Pa时,噪声仿真值与试验值的误差为9.7%,误差低于10%,可满足工程需求。类似研究方法应用于发电机组用离心式风扇风量及噪声预测研究中,经分析得出离心式风扇入口风速试验值与仿真值间最大误差为9.17%,最小误差为5%;1 m远场噪声监测点的噪声声压级仿真值为66 dB(A),实测声压级为75 dB(A),两者差异为9 dB(A),误差约为13.6%,原因是实测噪声值中含有电机驱动系统运转的噪声。研究结果可为轴流式及离心式风扇的气动性能及噪声评估提供方法参考。

基于变环量方法的农用轴流风机设计及性能优化

随着农业设施养殖空气过滤装置使用的普及,对高压农用轴流风机的需求也随之提升。为了提高农用轴流风机的气动性能并扩大工作压力范围,利用变环量设计理论,通过风洞试验和数值模拟,对风机叶片进行了重新设计。旨在改变现有叶片轮毂处结构形式,改善农用轴流风机内部流态,达到提升农业轴流风机气动性能和扩大稳定运行范围的目的。该研究以0.91 m农用轴流风机尺寸及目标风量为设计参数,利用变环量方法设计了一款叶片。通过单因素和响应面分析方法,研究了轮毂直径d、安装角α和叶片数n结构参数对风机性能和流场的影响。最佳工艺参数为d=260 mm,α=-0.369°,n=4片。数值模拟结果表明,优化后的轴流风机性能优于设计轴流风机,扩大了高压区稳定运行范围。样机试验测试表明,在高压(120 Pa)下,优化风机相较于原型轴流风机的风量提高了163%(达到18 710.99m3/h),能效比提高了18.9%(达到1.94 m3/(h·W))。该研究证明了变环量在农用轴流风机设计中的可行性,结构参数的优化可进一步降低风机的内部涡流。优化后的轴流风机减少了内部流场的二次流,提高了叶片的做功能力,改善了风机的气动性能,确保轴流风机在农业应用中能够更高效地实现空气流通与调控。

Multi-Objective Multi-Variable Large-Size Fan Aerodynamic Optimization by Using Multi-Model Ensemble Optimization Algorithm

The constrained multi-objective multi-variable optimization of fans usually needs a great deal of computational fluid dynamics(CFD)calculations and is time-consuming.In this study,a new multi-model ensemble optimization algorithm is proposed to tackle such an expensive optimization problem.The multi-variable and multi-objective optimization are conducted with a new flexible multi-objective infill criterion.In addition,the search direction is determined by the multi-model ensemble assisted evolutionary algorithm and the feature extraction by the principal component analysis is used to reduce the dimension of optimization variables.First,the proposed algorithm and other two optimization algorithms which prevail in fan optimizations were compared by using test functions.With the same number of objective function evaluations,the proposed algorithm shows a fast convergency rate on finding the optimal objective function values.Then,this algorithm was used to optimize the rotor and stator blades of a large axial fan,with the efficiencies as the objectives at three flow rates,the high,the design and the low flow rate.Forty-two variables were included in the optimization process.The results show that compared with the prototype fan,the total pressure efficiencies of the optimized fan at the high,the design and the low flow rate were increased by 3.35%,3.07%and 2.89%,respectively,after CFD simulations for 500 fan candidates with the constraint for the design pressure.The optimization results validate the effectiveness and feasibility of the proposed algorithm.

采用仿海鸥翼型叶片提升轴流风机气动性能的研究

为提升轴流风机的气动性能,受到具有良好滑行飞行性能的海鸥翅膀独特的翼型结构的启发,本文研究通过提取海鸥翅膀特定截面位置处的翼型结构应用于轴流风机的叶片设计中,考察了叶片仿生设计对空调器用轴流风机气动性能的影响。首先采用数值计算方法求解定常流动雷诺时均Navier-Stokes方程,对仿海鸥翼型叶片的轴流风机的气动性能及其内部流场进行分析,然后采用大涡模拟方法和FW-H声类比方法对轴流风机的气动噪声进行数值预测。结果表明:在相同的设计转速下,仿海鸥翼型叶片的轴流风机的气动效率提高了3.1%;在相同风量条件下,仿海鸥翼型叶片的轴流风机的噪声相比于原型风机降低了约1.0dB(A)。采用仿海鸥翼型叶片,风机叶片表面的静压分布均匀,叶片中段的压力脉动明显减少。同时,在风机进口轮毂处和叶顶区域,流动分离被抑制,叶片尾迹涡脱落引起的气流脉动和气流不均匀性相对减弱,这就有效提升了轴流风机的气动性能。

EXPERIMENTAL RESEARCH ON AERODYNAMIC PERFORMANCE AND EXIT FLOW FIELD OF LOW PRESSURE AXIAL FLOW FAN WITH CIRCUMFERENTIAL SKEWED BLADES

In this article, the low pressure axial flow fan with circumferential skewed rotor blade, including the radial blade, the forward-skewed blade and the backward-skewed blade, was studied with experimental methods. The aerodynamic performance of the rotors was measured. At the design condition at outlet of the rotors, detailed flow measurements were performed with a five-hole probe and a Hot-Wire Anemometer （HWA）. The results show that compared to the radial rotor, the forward-skewed rotor demonstrates a wider Stable Operating Range （SOR）, is able to reduce the total pressure loss in the hub region and make main loading of blade accumulating in the mid-span region. There is a wider wake in the upper mid-span region of the forward-skewed rotor. Compared to the radial rotor, in the backward-skewed rotor there is higher total pressure loss near the hub and shroud regions and lower loss in the mid-span region. In addition, the velocity deficit in the wake is lower at mid-span of the backward-skewed rotor than the forward-skewed rotor.

进口导叶载荷分配对小型高压轴流风扇气动性能的影响研究

目的针对小型高压轴流风扇气动性能的优化设计,提出对进口导叶与动叶不同载荷分配进行研究,寻找合适的分配规律以达到气动性能优化的目的。方法根据进口导叶与动叶分配的不同载荷比,设计相应的进口导叶预旋角度、动叶安装角,利用Pro-e三维建模软件建立风扇模型,并通过数值模拟,采用ICEM进行网格划分,在Fluent求解器中选择合适的控制方程与边界条件进行计算,对不同风扇模型的气动特性、压力分布、速度分布、湍动能分布及内部流场进行研究分析。结果在小型高压轴流风扇设计中,进口导叶因负偏转而承担的载荷不同,对风扇气动性能影响较大。进口导叶气流预旋角在30°~50°区间内变化时,在设计工况附近,进口导叶负预旋偏转角越小,即设计载荷比例越小,风扇整体压力系数则越高。在设计运行工况点,5种风扇模型的压力系数差异可达9.54%,全压效率相差2.49%;当气流预旋角度大于30°时,即设计载荷比例ξ超过32%时,高负荷轴流风扇压力系数从0.332逐步下降到0.303,全压效率也呈下降趋势。结论当进口导叶气流预旋角度控制在30°以内时,叶片中后部压力梯度较小,圆周方向上的速度梯度减小,叶片尾缘处的附面层分离得到改善,气体流动平稳,降低了动叶进口的气流畸变,有效控制了进口导叶与动叶之间的流动损失。

基于CFD的多级轴流风机动静干涉及激励特性研究

为了探究多级轴流风机的动静干涉及激励特性,分析每级叶轮不同相位排布对风机气动性能和流场激励的影响,对五级一体化轴流风机模型进行数值模拟。分别改变每级叶轮的相位排布角度为0°、2°、4°、6°,获得轴流风机内部流场和性能参数以及每级叶轮受力情况。结果表明:随着排布角度增大,叶轮对流体挤压增大,后半段流场流动恶化,效率约下降2.1%。每级叶轮受力的主要特征频率为叶频(fBPF)及其倍频,且幅值随频率增加而快速减小。同时,排布角度对每级叶轮受力的影响也体现在流场性能和流体能量上,越稳定的流场,其特征频率越集中且振幅较高。

高轮毂比风扇涡流气动噪声分析与降噪研究

针对某型高轮毂比风扇,基于Lighthill声类比法,采用LES大涡模拟与FW-H模型进行瞬态数值模拟,并对风扇远场气动噪声进行预测,得到了风扇内部涡流分布、叶片表面压强脉动以及远场气动噪声值,并分析了轴流风扇气动涡流噪声产生机理,结果表明:在叶片吸力面的叶根前缘、叶片尾缘以及叶顶区域,会形成的脱落涡与叶尖诱导涡,是风扇气动噪声的主要来源,尤其是叶根前缘脱落涡与叶尖涡,引起的压力脉动强度较大,对气动噪声影响显著,为了降低噪声,在对叶片结构进行几何尺寸优化时应优先考虑这两个区域,该研究结果可为高效低噪轴流风扇的性能优化设计提供理论基础。

基于叶片表面附面层分析的风扇性能研究

为了提高轴流散热风扇效率,本文应用孤立翼型设计法,将高升阻比翼型CAP-12应用到轴流风扇的设计,设计出一款轴流风扇,并对设计出的轴流风扇进行了数值模拟研究,基于附面层理论,分析了风扇的静特性、内部流场与气动特性。计算结果表明:在叶片吸力面叶尖靠近尾缘处会产生有限叶高的诱导旋涡,是导致风扇性能效率降低的主要原因,在对轴流风扇进行结构优化时,应着重考虑该区域,该研究结果可为轴流风扇的性能优化设计提供理论基础。

空调轴流风叶叶尖颤动抑制方案的研究及应用

轴流风叶由于其显著的大流量和高效率特性,对于在空调室内部分的应用呈现出极大的潜力。针对某一空调室内侧的轴流风叶在运行中存在的噪声值和声品质问题,采用流固耦合仿真技术对轴流风叶的受力和变形情况进行深入分析研究,并对变形较大的叶尖部分进行截面优化。研究结果表明,采用压力面增强部的轴流风叶新设计方案,能够显著减小叶尖处的变形量,有效降低轴流风叶的噪声值和OA差。

喷雾除尘机轴流风机结构优化和气动性能分析

喷雾除尘机是目前市场上大气治理降尘抑尘的主要装备之一。据统计,湖南九九智能环保股份有限公司生产的无组织粉尘智能测控治集成装备(《统计用产品分类目录》中对应产品类别代码为3650010199),在2020—2023年全国市场占有率分别为26.8%,28.2%,26.6%,27.1%,连续四年全国排名第一。为了评估该公司的改进型喷雾除尘机轴流风机(简称G100S)的气动性能,本文对G100S进行CFD仿真分析,仿真结果显示,与传统结构相比,G100S去除进风口消音筒结构,优化了内部流场,提高了出风效率,释放了电机效能,气动性能得到了全面的提升。

Effects of Perforation Number of Blade on Aerodynamic Performance of Dual-rotor Small Axial Flow Fans

Compared with single rotor small axial flow fans, dual-rotor small axial flow fans is better regarding the static characteristics. But the aerodynamic noise of dual-rotor small axial flow fans is worse than that of single rotor small axial flow fans. In order to improve aerodynamic noise of dual-rotor small axial flow fans, the pre-stage blades with different perforation numbers are designed in this research. The RANS equations and the standard k-e turbulence model as well as the FW-H noise model are used to simulate the flow field within the fan. Then, the aerodynamic performance of the fans with different perforation number is compared and analyzed. The results show that： （1） Compared to the prototype fan, the noise of fans with perforation blades is reduced. Additionally, the noise of the fans decreases with the increase of the number of perforations. （2） The vorticity value in the trailing edge of the pre-stage blades of perforated fans is reduced. It is found that the vorticity value in the trailing edge of the pre-stage blades decreases with the increase of the number of perforations. （3） Compared to the prototype fan, the total pressure rising and efficiency of the fans with perforation blades drop slightly.

矿用低压轴流风机气动噪声特性及叶尖噪声降噪研究

以FKZ-4-10型矿用低压轴流风机为例,介绍一种矿用低压轴流风机气动噪声特性及叶尖噪声降噪分析方法。该方法利用延迟分离涡模型(DDES)与福克斯·威廉姆斯和霍金斯方程模型(FW-H)构建轴流风机模型,进而分析轴流风机的辐射噪声特性与声源特性,最后以此为基础,分别从叶顶间隙、叶顶开槽等方面优化轴流风机,以达到叶尖噪声降噪的目的。该方法对现代低压轴流风机设计具有重要意义。

基于涡声理论的低速轴流风机气动噪声研究

采用PIV和CFD对不同安装角低速轴流风机流场进行对比研究,结合低速等熵流动的涡声理论分析风机内部流场与噪声辐射关联,在此基础上计算风机气动噪声。研究表明,低速等熵流动的气动噪声主要源于流场中涡系的拉伸与破裂。均匀进气情况下低速轴流风机的主要气动噪声源为叶片尾缘涡脱落噪声和叶尖涡噪声,其中前者强度明显大于后者。在此基础上,应用基于CFD的涡脱落噪声预测模型对风机气动噪声预测结果与实验吻合较好。

轴流通风机气动噪声的实验与预测

Four types of axial fans noise energy are measured and compared with prediction byvortex sheddying model(T.fukano). A correct factor is advised in case of large hub rotor ormore blades and big assemble angle.

轴流风机多动叶安装角非同步调节下的内流特征和运行特性

当动叶安装角不能与其他叶片同步调整时,将严重影响轴流风机的运行特性。针对OB-84型带后导叶的动叶可调轴流风机,采用Fluent模拟了相邻和相间两动叶、相邻三动叶安装角异常下的风机内流特征和运行特性。研究表明:相邻两动叶和三动叶下的径向总压在不同安装角偏离值Δβy下均高于正常值,而单动叶和相间两动叶下的全压在Δβy=18°、叶高中部处显著低于正常值。异常叶片后的尾迹低压区及其总压值受异常叶片数、叶片相位和Δβy的影响而呈现出不同的变化规律。风机全压随异常叶片数增加而提高,风机效率则减小,异常叶片数增加对效率的影响高于对全压的影响;虽然Δβy=6°和12°下的全压有所提高或基本不变,但其效率却明显下降。