Magnetic Field and Operating Performance Analysisof Conical-rotor Permanent Magnet Synchronous Motor

In order to accurately analyze the magnetic field of conical-rotor permanent magnet synchronous motor(CR-PMSM),the effectiveness of two methods was studied on handling of problems concerned with non-uniform distribution of magnetic field along axial direction in CR-PMSM,which were sectional calculation(SC)method and three-dimensional finite element(3-D FE)method.On this basis,the influence of the axial displacement and dq-axis currents on the operating characteristics of axial magnetic force and torque is analyzed by using the 3-D FE model.Analysis results show that the axial magnetic force and torque decrease with the increase of axial displacement of the rotor,and the amplitude regularity of the axial magnetic force is affected by the d-axis current.A prototype machine is fabricated and tested,in order to validate the design theory.

Analysis of temperature field for a surface-mounted and interior permanent magnet synchronous motor adopting magnetic-thermal coupling method

Aiming at obtaining high power density of surface-mounted and interior permanent magnet synchronous motor(SIPMSM),it is important to accurately calculate the temperature field distribution of SIPMSM,and a magnetic-thermal coupling method is proposed.The magnetic-thermal coupling mechanism is analyzed.The thermal network model and finite element model are built by this method,respectively.The effects of power frequency on iron losses and temperature fields are analyzed by the magnetic-thermal coupling finite element model under the condition of rated load,and the relationship between the load and temperature field is researched under the condition of the synchronous speed.In addition,the equivalent thermal network model is used to verify the magnetic-thermal coupling method.Then the temperatures of various nodes are obtained.The results show that there are advantages in both computational efficiency and accuracy for the proposed coupling method,which can be applied to other permanent magnet motors with complex structures.

Research on Thermal Calculation and End Winding Heat Conduction Optimization of Low Speed High Torque Permanent Magnet Synchronous Motor

Because of its simple structure,large torque and high efficiency,permanent magnet synchronous motor of low speed and high torque is widely adopted in many fields.In this paper,a 394.5k W mining low-speed high-torque permanent magnet synchronous motor(LSHTPMSM)is regarded as the study object.According to the physical model,a three-dimensional equivalent heat transfer temperature field calculation model of the motor is built to simulate the temperature distribution of the motor under rated conditions.In terms of the serious issue of stator winding temperature increase of permanent magnet synchronous motor of low speed and high torque,the heat conduction optimization of the end of the stator winding is studied,which enhances the heat dissipation effect of the stator end winding,effectively reduces its temperature increase and temperature gradient with the winding in the slot,and improves the practical efficiency and service life of the motor.Finally,the motor temperature rise test platform is constructed for the verification of the feasibility of the optimization scheme,which provides a reference direction for the heat dissipation optimization of permanent magnet synchronous motor of low speed and high torque.

Analytical calculation of electromagnetic, torque for surface mounted permanent magnet brushless motors

With the air gap magnetic field distribution of surface mounted permanent magnet （PM） motors obtained using an analytical technique, the instantaneous electromagnetic torque and its corresponding components are investigated with the Maxwell stress tensor method. Accurate results can easily be achieved using the proposed method without using the tedious finite element analysis （FEA）. In this paper, the electromagnetic torque of a surface mounted PM motor with two phases energized is decomposed into four torque components. This technique is useful not only for the design and optimization of the permanent magnet motor, but also for the choice of control strategy.

Study on three dimensional electromagnetic model for permanent magnet linear synchronous motor

In this paper, with the non-salient pole permanent magnet linear synchronous motor (PMLSM)being cited, by using Fourier transform method and "slot-by-slot", "pole -by-pole" current approach, a 3D electromagnetic field model of PMLSM is established. Special attention is paid to its structure and the influence of longitudinal and transverse end effect. The distribution of electromagnetic field of PMLSM can be obtained directly and promptly by using FFT algorithm. It can also be used for the analysis of other LSM.

A novel fuzzy logic direct torque controller for a permanent magnet synchronous motor with a field programmable gate array

A high-performance digital servo system built on the platform of a field programmable gate array (FPGA),a fully digitized hardware design scheme of a direct torque control (DTC) and a low speed permanent magnet synchronous motor (PMSM) is proposed. The DTC strategy of PMSM is described with Verilog hardware description language and is employed on-chip FPGA in accordance with the electronic design automation design methodology. Due to large torque ripples in low speed PMSM,the hysteresis controller in a conventional PMSM DTC was replaced by a fuzzy controller. This FPGA scheme integrates the direct torque controller strategy,the time speed measurement algorithm,the fuzzy regulating technique and the space vector pulse width modulation principle. Experimental results indicate the fuzzy controller can provide a controllable speed at 20 r min-1 and torque at 330 N m with satisfactory dynamic and static performance. Furthermore,the results show that this new control strategy decreases the torque ripple drastically and enhances control performance.

Characteristics of permanent magnet linear synchronous motor fed by spwm inverter based on field-circuit coupled method

Presented field-circuit coupled adaptive time-stepping finite element method to study on permanent magnet linear synchronous motor (PMLSM) characteristics fed by SPWM voltage source inverter.In air-gap field where the direction or magnitude of the field is changing rapidly,the smallest elements are demanded due to high accuracy to use adaptive meshing technique.The co-simulation was used with the status space functions and time-step finite element functions,in which time-step of the status space functions was the smallest than finite element functions'.The magnitude relation of the normal elec- tromagnetic force and tangential electromagnetic force and the period were attained,and current curve was very abrupt at current zero area due to the bigger resistance and leak- age reactance,including main characteristics of motor voltage and velocity.The simulation results compare triumphantly with the experiments results.

Developing a 3D-FEM Model for Electromagnetic Analysis of an Axial Flux Permanent Magnet Machine

Recently, many optimal designs for axial flux permanent magnet (AFPM) motors were performed based on finite- element (FE) analysis. Most of the models are based on reduction of 3D problem to 2D problem which is not accurate for design aspects. This paper describes an accurate electromagnetic analysis of a surface mounted, 28 pole AFPM with concentrated stator winding. The AFPM is modeled with three-dimensional finite-element method. This model in-cludes all geometrical and physical characteristics of the machine components. Using this accurate modeling makes it possible to obtain demanded signals for a very high precision analysis. Magnetic flux density, back-EMF, magnetic axial force and cogging torque of the motor are simulated using FLUX-3D V10.3.2. Meanwhile, the model is paramet-ric and can be used for design process and sensitivity analysis.

AN ANALYSIS OF AXISYMMETRIC MAGNETIC FIELD OF LINEAR OSCILLATION MOTOR

In this paper, using axial field finite analysis method, the field of a movable core type linear oscillation motor is analyzed. The program of axial field finite analysis is worked out. Using this program, we analyze various fields, including the field excited by permanent magnet materials, the field by two coils respectively, and the fields with the core moving to various positions.

Temperature Rise Calculation and Velocity Planning of Permanent Magnet Linear Synchronous Motor under Trapezoidal Speed

For permanent magnet linear synchronous motor(PMLSM) working at trapezoidal speed for long time, high thrust brings high temperature rise, while low thrust limits dynamic performance. Thus, it is crucial to find a balance between temperature rise and dynamic performance. In this paper, a velocity planning model of the PMLSM at trapezoidal speed based on electromagnetic-fluid-thermal(EFT) field is proposed to obtain the optimal dynamic performance under temperature limitation. In this model, the winding loss is calculated considering the acceleration and deceleration time. The loss model is indirectly verified by the temperature rise experiment of an annular winding sample. The actual working conditions of the PMLSM are simulated by dynamic grid technology to research the influence of acceleration and deceleration on fluid flow in the air gap, and the variation rule of the thermal boundary condition is analyzed. Combined with the above conditions, the temperature rise of a coreless PMLSM(CPMLSM) under the rated working condition is calculated and analyzed in detail. Through this method and several iterations, the optimal dynamic performance under the temperature limitation is achieved. The result is verified by a comparison between simulation and prototype tests, which can help improve the dynamic performance.

Design of Axial-Flux Motor for Traction Application

This paper deals with the design of high power – low dimensions axial-flux permanent-magnet motor intended for trac-tion application. First, two motor configurations are analytically designed and compared using finite element calcula-tion. Then, the configuration yielding the best performances is integrated and modelled with the whole traction chain under MATLAB/SIMULINK environment in order to demonstrate the motor operation on a large speed band.

飞轮储能用永磁同步电机温度场分析

针对飞轮储能用永磁同步电机散热困难的问题,以某额定功率为300 kW、转速为10000 r/min的永磁同步电机为研究对象,利用磁热耦合的方法,对永磁同步电机的损耗和温度场进行模拟及测试分析,研究永磁同步电机的损耗及电机热分布;利用热仿真模型,研究电机关键部件散热的影响因素。结果表明:高温主要集中于永磁体及绕组区域;减小流道宽度、增大流道数目以及增大流道圆角半径可有效提高定子散热性能;辐射率越高,永磁体散热性能越好;改进电机结构后,永磁体最高温度下降10.5%。研究结果可为永磁同步电机的设计及散热优化提供参考。

大型永磁同步电机内外双循环强化散热性能模拟

针对高铁大型永磁同步牵引电机转子区域散热困难、内部温升分布不均匀的问题,在机壳水冷电机结构基础上的定子铁芯外表面处增设轴向矩形风道,并结合气隙、转子减重孔形成内外双循环散热结构,探究降低定子、绕组部位温升和提升电机内部散热均匀性的影响规律.首先通过Ansoft Maxwell平台仿真得到双循环散热结构在额定工况下各部件损耗值,同时为了更好模拟转子旋转带动气隙中的空气流动,对气隙进行分层处理,采用流-固耦合的有限元分析法模拟研究单、双循环散热结构下电机内部空气流动特性以及温升规律.结果表明,内循环风冷结构使电机内部空气流速显著提高,表面平均换热系数也显著提升,转子区域的热量会随着空气的流动更多地传给温度相对较低的定子区域及机壳,同时减少热量向转子部位传递,从而使转子和永磁体的温升降低.在此基础上,采用正交分析法对矩形通风孔的截面积、数量、高宽比进行结构参数优化,并采用温升分布均匀性系数对电机进行温升评价,得到最优方案下电机最高温升相比单循环散热结构降低12.1K,电机整体温升分布均匀性提升16.54%.

多变运行工况下混合励磁轴向磁场永磁电机自适应模型预测电流控制

针对多变运行工况下混合励磁轴向磁场永磁(hybrid excited axial field permanent magnet,HE-AFPM)电机中电励磁磁场与电枢磁场之间矢量耦合、端部漏磁等导致的电机参数非线性变化问题,该文提出一种混合励磁轴向磁场永磁电机自适应模型预测电流控制方法。详细分析HE-AFPM电机拓扑结构及参数变化特性;引入多矢量模型预测电流控制,理论推导分析HE-AFPM电机参数对控制系统的敏感性。在此基础上,将多矢量预测模型作为自适应控制的可调模型,降低了控制算法的复杂度和控制系统的计算负荷,提高了控制系统响应速度;依据波波夫(Popov)超稳定理论,引入3个不等式稳定判据设计各参数的自适应律,可实现多变运行工况下的HE-AFPM电机磁链、自感、互感等参数的有效识别,提高了控制模型的准确性和电流跟踪性能。最后,通过实验验证所提出的自适应模型预测电流控制的有效性。

混合转子永磁电机双风道冷却系统设计

混合转子永磁电机具有高功率密度的优势,但也导致电机散热空间和散热能力不足等问题。为此,根据其特有的转子结构提出一种双风道冷却系统,并采用计算流体力学(Computational fluid dynamics,CFD)的方法对电机温度场进行验证。首先,根据电机损耗和尺寸设计一个适合双风道的轴流风扇。其次,对不同进、出风口的结构参数进行仿真,对比和分析仿真结果,选出冷却性能较好的参数组合。最后对单风道和该参数组合下的双风道进行数值模拟,仿真结果表明,使用双风道冷却结构后电机散热能力显著提升。

基于扰动观测器的五相永磁同步电机开路和短路容错矢量控制

针对反电动势含有3次谐波的五相永磁同步电机(PMSM)开路和短路故障导致转矩脉动大的问题,该文提出一种基于扰动观测器的矢量控制(DOB-FOC)策略。该策略基于降阶正交变换矩阵在同步旋转坐标系上建立PMSM开路故障情况下的基波模型,将3次谐波反电动势、短路电流等作为扰动信号。在此基础上,设计扰动观测器,观测出以上扰动导致的转矩脉动,将其转化为q轴补偿电流前馈到q轴电流指令中,有效地抑制了故障导致的转矩脉动,并且实现了PMSM在开路和短路故障情况下的平稳无扰运行。仿真和实验结果验证了所提容错策略的有效性。

基于自抗扰的永磁同步电机附加谐波损耗抑制方法

针对永磁同步电机在变频器供电时,由时间电流谐波所引起的附加谐波损耗过大及难以在电机初始设计时被考虑到的问题,采用场路耦合联合仿真模型来计算电机的附加谐波损耗,并以4台现有的表贴式永磁同步电机为例,通过实验验证了场路耦合联合仿真模型的有效性,为电机设计之初附加谐波损耗的选取,以及后续温升的计算提供了前期计算的方法。同时提出一种基于自抗扰技术的附加谐波损耗抑制方法,设计一种适用于永磁同步电机矢量控制的自抗扰控制器,并从理论上验证了自抗扰控制器对于时间电流谐波的抑制作用,以及针对自抗扰控制器参数众多调参困难的问题,给出一种参数整定方案。最后通过引入所设计的自抗扰控制器,对电机的时间电流谐波进行计算和分析,使电机的附加谐波损耗降低了68.1%,为同类型电机的附加谐波损耗抑制提供了一种有效的方法。

车用永磁无刷直流电机弱磁控制仿真研究

永磁无刷直流电动机的转矩与转速会对电机的控制精度造成影响,导致电机弱磁控制效果差。为了提升整体控制性能,提出车用永磁无刷直流电机弱磁控制仿真方法。分析车用永磁无刷直流电机弱磁转矩特性,获取电机电磁转矩关系。根据获取结果建立永磁无刷直流电机弱磁控制系统,利用该系统控制电机弱磁的电磁转矩与运行效率,以此实现整体控制。实验结果表明,通过对所提方法开展电机运行效率测试、电机运行稳定性测试,验证了上述方法的有效性。

基于FOCA的永磁游标电机PI参数自整定

针对磁场定向控制中电流内环和转速外环比例积分(PI)控制器参数整定困难且耗时长的问题,基于Matlab/Simulink的磁场定向控制自整定(FOCA)模块搭建了永磁游标电机磁场定向控制双闭环调速系统参数自整定模型。该模块在PI控制器输出端注入正弦扰动信号,根据系统输入输出数据计算频率响应,基于频率响应自动整定PI参数,同时实现指定的目标带宽和相位裕度。最后通过仿真对比分析各个环路整定前后的控制性能,仿真结果表明使用FOCA模块能够快速自动整定PI控制器参数并且拥有良好的控制性能。

基于ISTSMC和改进EKFSMO的PMSM无传感器矢量控制

在采用内环矢量控制(Field orientation control,FOC)和外环经典比例积分(Proportional integral,PI)控制的永磁同步电机(Permanent magnet synchronous motor,PMSM)驱动系统中,容易出现外部扰动检测精度低、抖振、速度环超调大等不确定性缺陷。为了解决PI控制的抖振缺点,提高系统抗干扰性,提出了一种积分超螺旋滑模控制(Integral super twisting sliding mode controller,ISTSMC)。为了实现无位置传感器控制以及电机转速与位置的在线估计,采用基于扩展卡尔曼滤波(Extended Kalmanfilter,EKF)的滑模观测器,并且设计了一种分段正弦型函数代替传统的基于sgn函数的滑模观测器降低抖振现象。在Matlab/Simulink仿真下,分析了该系统在各种故障扰动、反转运行和负载扰动下的速度响应和检测精度能力。结果证明了所提系统的可行性以及优越的动态性能。