Cavitation of a Submerged Jet at the Spherical Valve Plate/Cylinder Block Interface for Axial Piston Pump

The spherical valve plate/cylinder block pair has the advantages of strong overturning resistance and large bearing area.However,the configurations of the unloading and pre-boosting triangular grooves on the spherical valve plate are different from those in the planar valve plate,resulting in special cavitation phenomenon on the spherical port plate pair.In order to study cavitation characteristics of spherical port plate pair,a dynamic CFD model of the piston pump including turbulence model,cavitation model and fluid compressibility is established.A detailed UDF compilation scheme is provided for modelling of the micron-sized spherical oil film mesh,which makes up for the lack of research on the meshing of the spherical oil film.In this paper,using CFD simulation tools,from the perspectives of pressure field,velocity field and gas volume fraction change,a detailed analysis of the transient evolution of the submerged cavitation jet in a axial piston pump with spherical valve plate is carried out.The study indicates the movement direction of the cavitation cloud cluster through the cloud image and the velocity vector direction of the observation point.The sharp decrease of velocity and gas volume fraction indicates the collapse phenomenon of bubbles on the part wall surface.These discoveries verify the special erosion effect in case of the spherical valve plate/cylinder block pair.The submerged cavitation jet generated by the unloading triangular grooves distributed on the spherical valve plate not only cause denudation of the inner wall surface of the valve plate,but also cause strong impact and denudation on the lower surface of the cylinder body.Finally,the direction of the unloading triangular groove was modified to extend the distance between it and the wall surface which can effectively alleviate the erosion effect.

Tribological Properties of Cylinder Block/Valve Plate Interface of Axial Piston Pump on the Tribometer

The tribological properties of cylinder block/valve plate is an important consideration in the design of axial piston pump.The effect of materials and heat treatment on friction and wear properties has been studied in depth.Engi-neering experiences show that the speed and load also affect the tribological properties,but these have not been systematically analyzed.The purpose of this paper is to evaluate the tribological properties of the commonly used materials(CuPb1 5Sn5 and 38CrMoAl/42CrMo)for cylinder block/valve plate with different heat treatment and con-tact pressure at different speed.During the test,tribometer is used to simulate the contact pattern between the valve plate/cylinder block in axial piston pump,the friction coefficient,wear rate and surface topography are analyzed to evaluate the tribological properties of different types of friction samples at different speed.Results indicate that:(1)contact surface of the samples at 1800 r/min is more prone to adhesive wear than those at 500 r/min;(2)in the terms of wear resistance,quench-tempered and nitrided 38CrMoAl(38CrMoAl QTN for short)is better than quench-tem-pered and nitrided 42CrMo,although they are all commonly used materials in the axial piston pump;(3)2.5 MPa is the critical contact pressure of the interface between valve plate made of 38CrMoAl QTN and cylinder block made of CuPb1 5Sn5 on the tribometer,which implies the pressure bearing area at the bottom of the cylinder block should be carefully designed;(4)the valve plate/cylinder block made of 38CrMoAl QTN/CuPb15Sn5 exhibits good tribological properties in a real axial piston pump.This research is useful for the failure analysis and structural optimization design of the valve plates/cylinder block.

Investigation on the Radial Micro-motion about Piston of Axial Piston Pump

The limit working parameters and service life of axial piston pump are determined by the carrying ability and lubrication characteristic of its key friction pairs. Therefore, the design and optimization of the key friction pairs are always a key and difficult problem in the research on axial piston pump. In the traditional research on piston/cylinder pair, the assembly relationship of piston and cylinder bore is simplified into ideal cylindrical pair, which can not be used to analyze the influences of radial micro-motion of piston on the distribution characteristics of oil-film thickness and pressure in details. In this paper, based on the lubrication theory of the oil film, a numerical simulation model is built, taking the influences of roughness, elastic deformation of piston and pressure-viscosity effect into consideration. With the simulation model, the dynamic characteristics of the radial micro-motion and pressure distribution are analyzed, and the relationships between radial micro-motion and carrying ability, lubrication condition, and abrasion are discussed. Furthermore, a model pump for pressure distribution measurement of oil film between piston and cylinder bore is designed. The comparison of simulation and experimental results of pressure distribution shows that the simulation model has high accuracy. The experiment and simulation results demonstrate that the pressure distribution has peak values that are much higher than the boundary pressure in the piston chamber due to the radial micro-motion, and the abrasion of piston takes place mainly on the hand close to piston ball. In addition, improvement of manufacturing roundness and straightness of piston and cylinder bore is helpful to improve the carrying ability of piston/cylinder pair. The proposed research provides references for designing piston/cylinder pair, and helps to prolong the service life of axial piston pump.

Output Characteristics of a Series Three-port Axial Piston Pump

Driving a hydraulic cylinder directly by a closed-loop hydraulic pump is currently a key research area in the field of electro-hydraulic control technology,and it is the most direct means to improve the energy efficiency of an electro-hydraulic control system.So far,this technology has been well applied to the pump-controlled symmetric hydraulic cylinder.However,for the differential cylinder that is widely used in hydraulic technology,satisfactory results have not yet been achieved,due to the asymmetric flow constraint.Therefore,based on the principle of the asymmetric valve controlled asymmetric cylinder in valve controlled cylinder technology,an innovative idea for an asymmetric pump controlled asymmetric cylinder is put forward to address this problem.The scheme proposes to transform the oil suction window of the existing axial piston pump into two series windows.When in use,one window is connected to the rod chamber of the hydraulic cylinder and the other is linked with a low-pressure oil tank.This allows the differential cylinders to be directly controlled by changing the displacement or rotation speed of the pumps.Compared with the loop principle of offsetting the area difference of the differential cylinder through hydraulic valve using existing technology,this method may simplify the circuits and increase the energy efficiency of the system.With the software SimulationX,a hydraulic pump simulation model is set up,which examines the movement characteristics of an individual piston and the compressibility of oil,as well as the flow distribution area as it changes with the rotation angle.The pump structure parameters,especially the size of the unloading groove of the valve plate,are determined through digital simulation.All of the components of the series arranged three distribution-window axial piston pump are designed,based on the simulation analysis of the flow pulse characteristics of the pump,and then the prototype pump is made.The basic characteristics,such as the pressure,flow and noise of the pumps under different rotation speeds,are measured on the test bench.The test results verify the correctness of the principle.The proposed research lays a theoretical foundation for the further development of a new pump-controlled cylinder system.

基于Pumplinx的斜盘式轴向柱塞泵缸体优化分析

柱塞泵是工程机械液压系统中十分重要的动力元件,依靠柱塞在缸体孔内做往复运动时产生的容积变化进行吸油和压油。斜盘式轴向柱塞泵的缸体一般呈柱形,其柱塞中心线平行于缸体的轴线。这种结构在同等流量输出下,缸体的体积会较大。该文以斜盘式轴向柱塞泵为例,对泵的局部结构进行改进。主要是对缸体进行了优化设计,从原先的直缸直腰式柱形缸变为斜缸斜腰式锥形缸体,以及将常用的滑靴包覆柱塞的结构形式改为柱塞包覆滑靴的结构形式等.在泵体相同体积大小的情况下,轴向柱塞泵的流量特性和自吸性能得到提高。运用泵专用软件pumplinx进行仿真对比缸体结构中斜缸斜腰角度,得出使柱塞泵整体性能最佳的组合。并通过建立斜盘式轴向柱塞泵的锥形缸体结构数学模型,根据缸体结构参数的调整与组合,得出满足工况使用要求,并达到缸体刚度与强度等条件的锥形缸体泵模型。研究结果对柱塞泵的结构设计有一定的参考价值。

Review of cylinder block/valve plate interface in axial piston pumps: Theoretical models,experimental investigations, and optimal design

Axial piston pumps have been widely used in aircraft hydraulic systems to supply the system with pressurized fluid. The continuous improvement of the aircraft performance has put forward the demand on aviation piston pumps for high power density, safety, and reliability. The lubricating interfaces in axial piston machines are the key design issue that greatly determines the pump performance and service life. The cylinder block/valve plate interface is one of these critical lubricating interfaces and has received considerable attention from many researchers in the last half century. This study aims to review the state-of-the-art literature on the cylinder block/valve plate interface comprehensively and systematically. First, we introduce various theoretical models developed to investigate the lubrication behaviors of the interface and compare them in terms of their assumptions and limitations. Second, the experimental studies on the cylinder block/valve plate interface are presented comprehensively, where the involved test rigs are divided into three types according to their fidelity levels and measurement functionality. Third, we summarize some typical approaches of structure optimization, surface shaping, and surface strengthening, which help improve the load-carrying and anti-wear capacities of the interface under severe operating conditions. Finally, the challenges and future trends of the cylinder block/valve plate interface research are discussed briefly.

Performance optimization for high speed axial piston pump considering cylinder block tilt

Increasing the rotating speed is considered as an efficient approach to upgrade the power-to-weight ratio in an axial piston pump,but penalized by more leakage and more severe wear resulting from the adverse cylinder block tilt.Previous studies mainly focused on the bearing characteristic of the valve plate/cylinder block pair,but the spline coupling also plays a key role in the undesired cylinder block tilt,which has been little studied.A theoretical model for the rotating assembly is presented to investigate the effect of the spline coupling length on the cylinder block tilt and the performance of the valve plate/cylinder block pair.A typical high-speed axial piston pump with the displacement of 5.2 mL/r at 10000 r/min was studied by simulation and experiment.It shows that the optimal spline coupling length is one value increased by 2 mm from the original,bringing a remarkable leakage reduction under the high-speed condition by decreasing the cylinder block tilting angle.The experiment result matches well with the simulation.The influences of the spline coupling on the cylinder block tilt and the leakage were demonstrated.

非对称轴向柱塞泵配流副压力脉动特性分析

为了节省功率电传系统的安装空间和重量,需要用泵直接闭环控制差动缸运动,将泵的吸油配流窗口改为2个窗口,以匹配差动缸的面积比。该结构变化导致其压力脉动增大,产生大的振动噪声,为了减小其影响,提出了一种阻尼槽-缓冲容腔-导油槽非对称配流盘结构,针对该结构开展了非对称配流流量特性的内部流场仿真分析,并通过了压力脉动特性试验验证。结果表明了非对称轴向柱塞泵的配流结构设计与仿真的合理性,实现了液压泵的新功能。

并联型三配流窗口轴向柱塞泵特性理论分析及试验研究

采用液压泵按闭式回路方法驱动液压缸,是电液控制技术领域的研究热点,这一技术在对称液压缸的控制中已获得很好应用,但对于广泛采用的差动缸,效果一直不尽如人意。为此,依据阀控缸技术中非对称阀控非对称缸的思想,提出采用三配流窗口轴向柱塞泵直接闭式驱动差动缸运动的原理,方案是改造现有轴向柱塞泵的吸油窗口为并联布置的两个窗口,增加一个柱塞,将普遍采用的9柱塞泵改为10个柱塞,并分成两组,使每一组柱塞的吸排油窗口在半径方向错开位置,分别对应配流盘上的二个配流窗口。研究工作中,在SimulationX软件环境下,建立考虑单个柱塞运动特征和配流面积随转角变化的液压泵仿真模型,通过数字仿真确定了泵的关键参数,特别是缸体和配流盘卸荷槽的尺寸,设计并制造了样机,在试验台上对多种转速下泵的压力、流量和噪声等基本特性进行测试,验证了原理的正确性。

基于虚拟样机的轴向柱塞泵柱塞副仿真分析

采用虚拟样机技术对轴向柱塞泵柱塞副进行仿真分析,介绍虚拟样机子模型,通过软件接口实现子模块之间数据传递,实现柱塞副仿真模型的液固耦合和刚柔耦合;建立试验平台,通过试验测试结果验证模型的正确性,证明轴向柱塞泵虚拟样机仿真平台对轴向柱塞泵设计有很强的指导作用.仿真分析柱塞泵负载压力等级、斜盘倾角以及柱塞副间隙对柱塞副性能的影响,表明柱塞副设计是限定轴向柱塞泵压力等级和最大斜盘倾角的重要因素,适当减小间隙油膜厚度可以降低柱塞副泄露损失和摩擦损失,并有助于提高柱塞副油膜承载能力.

直驱泵控缸系统建模及自适应反推滑模控制

针对电机泵驱动的泵控缸伺服系统随工况变化而存在参数摄动和负载扰动的问题,提出一种改进自适应反推滑模控制策略。由于该泵控缸数学模型中控制量前具有在零点非连续不可导函数sgn(u),通过等效变换实现了对系统模型化简,有效解决了控制器设计过程中部分函数不可导的难题。采用积分滑模与反推法相结合的复合控制策略,有效地削弱参数慢时变和负载力扰动的不良影响,并通过选取合适的Lyapunov函数,保证了整个系统的渐近稳定性。仿真结果表明,该控制策略具有良好的动静态性能和强鲁棒性。

平衡式两排轴向柱塞泵缸体倾覆力矩

分析了平衡式两排轴向柱塞泵缸体的受力情况,推导了缸体倾覆力矩的计算公式,同时也给出了使缸体、配流盘保持轴向液压力平衡的计算公式和计算程序。取内、外排柱塞同为相等偶数和同为相等奇数,利用Matlab编程绘制出其倾覆力矩随缸体转角变化的动态曲线。研究表明:内、外排柱塞同为相等奇数或偶数时,平衡式两排轴向柱塞泵内外排的倾覆力矩可部分抵消,甚至完全抵消,使其缸体总的倾覆力矩大幅降低,其倾覆力矩的波动周期不变,且内、外排柱塞同为奇数时的倾覆力矩要小于同为偶数时的倾覆力矩。

轴向柱塞泵配流副润滑特性试验系统的建立及仿真研究

论述了轴向柱塞泵配流副润滑特性试验系统的组成和工作原理.该润滑特性试验系统用来测量压力、温度、转速和结构对配流副润滑膜厚度、承载力和泄漏流量等润滑特性参数的影响规律.润滑特性试验装置使用高精度电涡流位移传感器测量配流副间隙,以保证对润滑膜厚度的测量误差小于1μm.采用PID控制算法对微米级的润滑膜厚度进行反馈控制.利用MATLAB语言的SIMULINK软件包对精密位置反馈控制系统进行了动态仿真,得出参数V0/βe和Kce值的选取对该精密位置反馈控制系统的设计是非常重要的.

柱塞倾角对锥形缸体轴向柱塞泵流体特性的影响

针对锥形缸体轴向柱塞泵的柱塞倾角对泵的流体特性产生的影响,基于AMESim软件,以某型锥形缸体轴向柱塞泵为研究对象,建立整泵液压模型,该模型能考虑到油液压缩性、泵的泄漏、柱塞腔死容积、配流过程及流量倒灌等因素对泵流体特性的影响,且便于变参优化研究.经仿真及与传统公式计算对比分析表明:在产生流量脉动的影响因素中,几何流量脉动只占一个很小的比重,几乎可以忽略,主要的影响因素是油液的压缩性、泵的泄漏及柱塞腔的流量倒灌,其中流量倒灌是引起流量脉动的最重要的因素;在额定工况下,油液的压缩损失占总容积损失的19.04%,泄漏量占总容积损失的80.96%;随着柱塞倾角由0°增大到20°,泵的出口流量脉动系数由0.181 1增大到0.184 4,柱塞倾角的改变对泵的流量脉动影响很小.

轴向柱塞泵工作腔吸油气穴数值解析

为揭示轴向柱塞泵吸油时工作腔内的气穴现象并寻求控制方法,利用AMESim软件建立柱塞工作腔吸油模型.以工作腔内无空气析出作为目标函数,应用遗传算法对吸油短孔尺寸进行优化,获得吸油短孔直径的临界值以及腔内压力与空气析出变化曲线;利用Fluent动网格技术,使用湍流k-ε模型与气穴模型对优化的工作腔进行动态流场计算,给出腔内流场压力与空气体积分数分布.结果表明:在缸体转角90°附近,工作腔内负压最低;吸油短孔直径大于临界值时,腔内压力高于空气分离压,无空气析出;腔内负压分布不均匀,工作腔底部附近压力较低,空气体积分数较高.

非对称轴向柱塞泵变排量控制特性分析

非对称轴向柱塞泵直接闭式控制单出杆液压缸系统具有结构紧凑、能效高和噪声低的优势,其排量控制特性直接影响泵控系统运行特性。基于此,提出基于斜盘摆角位移反馈的排量控制方案,根据电液比例排量调节工作原理,考虑弹性负载刚度及外负载力干扰的影响,建立了非对称轴向柱塞泵的变排量控制系统模型。通过MATLAB/Simulink仿真分析了不同活塞直径、负载刚度、斜盘摆角、负载压力对泵的出口流量动态特性的影响。仿真结果表明,减小液压缸活塞直径、增大负载刚度可以加快响应速度;增大负载压力可以提高响应稳定性。通过实验验证了仿真结果正确性,实验表明非对称泵的变排量工作性能稳定可靠。

考虑油液含气影响的轴向斜柱塞泵建模与仿真

针对油液含气影响油液流体属性,进而影响轴向斜柱塞泵流量特性的问题,在理论分析的基础上,利用AMESet自定义了流体属性、柱塞/斜盘作用通用子模型,仿真验证了流体属性通用子模型的适用性,并利用AMESim建立整泵仿真模型。仿真研究了不同油液含气量和柱塞倾角对斜柱塞泵流量特性的影响,结果表明:随着油液含气量的增大,泵出口平均流量减小,容积效率减小,流量脉动幅值和脉动率增大;随着柱塞倾角的增大,泵出口平均流量增大,流量脉动幅值和脉动率减小;且各变化均大致呈线性关系。

轴向柱塞泵功率密度影响因素分析

为进一步提高轴向柱塞泵功率密度,首先结合前人工作针对功率密度给出量化计算公式,并对其中最重要的2个因素进行了研究。分析表明,影响因素1单位体积的每转排量主要由斜盘倾角与柱塞分布圆半径决定,并提出采用柱塞包覆滑靴形式提高该因素值,计算表明其柱塞泵功率密度可提高60%;影响因素2最高转速主要受自吸性能影响,且普通柱塞泵自吸性能受缸体腰型槽粘性阻力与强制漩涡阻力影响,并随着转速提高而下降,对此提出一种双向倾斜式腰型槽缸体,其仿真证明该结构具有离心甩油作用,其最高转速最高可提高45.4%。最后针对大排量双联泵功率密度下降问题提出了一种对称X型高功率密度轴向柱塞泵结构,其功率密度提高了43%。

轴向柱塞泵配流盘对缸体液压作用力矩的稳定性分析

考虑了在预升、卸压过程中 ,轴向柱塞泵柱塞油缸腔内油液压力是逐渐变化的情况 ,推导出了配流盘对缸体液压作用力矩的表达式 ,并依据公式进行仿真分析 ,找出了闭死角与液压力矩稳定性的关系 。

斜柱塞斜盘式轴向柱塞泵锥形缸体设计校核方法及结构优化

针对斜柱塞泵锥形缸体较直柱塞泵柱形缸体结构及受力更为复杂的特性,考虑到现有的柱形缸体设计与校核方法不能较好适用于锥形缸体的实际情况,在柱形缸体设计校核理论的基础上,推导出适用于斜柱塞泵锥形缸体结构的泵的排量要求、缸体强度及刚度、缸孔与柱塞接触强度、最大相对速度、最大比功率校核公式.以锥形缸体体积最小作为优化目标函数,建立锥形缸体结构的优化模型.在同样的输出压力、输出排量及额定转速下,对锥形缸体进行优化后泵的体积比原来下降大约13%,泵的结构更为紧凑.