Effectivity and safety of trifocal intraocular lenses and capsular tension rings implantation for cataract patients with axial high myopia

●AIM:To assess effectivity and safety of trifocal intraocular lenses(IOLs)and capsular tension rings in treating cataract patients with axial high myopia.●METHODS:A prospective nonrandomized controlled clinical trial was conducted.Totally 98 eyes(74 patients)who underwent femtosecond laser-assisted cataract surgery(FLACS)with trifocal IOLs were enrolled in the study and followed up for 2y after surgery:46 eyes(33 patients)with capsular tension ring implantation in the long axial lengths(AL)group(26<AL<29 mm)and 52 eyes(41 patients)in the normal AL group(22<AL<24.5 mm).Postoperative outcomes about effectivity and safety,including the subjective and objective visual quality,and postoperative complications were assessed.●RESULTS:Uncorrected distance visual acuity at 5 m and uncorrected intermediate visual acuity at 60 and 80 cm in the long AL group were significantly worse than those in the normal AL group at 3mo postoperatively(P<0.05).The differences in reading speed,spectacle independence and potential visual complaints between the two groups were not statistically significant(P>0.05).The dysfunctional lens index and total modulation transfer function(MTF)average height were similar between the two groups.The postoperative internal coma aberrations in the axial high myopia eyes were significantly higher than that in the normal AL group(P<0.05).The total satisfaction score in the long AL group(91.32±2.76)was slightly higher than that in the normal AL group(90.36±3.47),but there was no difference(P=0.136).A statistically negative correlation was found between corrected distance visual acuity(CDVA)and dysfunctional lens index(r=-0.382,P=0.009),and between CDVA and the total MTF average height(r=-0.374,P=0.01).But there was no significant correlation between CDVA and total satisfaction score(r=0.059,P=0.696).Postoperative complications mainly presented as posterior capsular opacity(PCO),retinal detachment and cystoid macular edema.There was no difference in the incidence of fundus disease(6.5%vs 3.8%,P=0.663)or PCO(17.4%vs 7.7%,P=0.217)between the two groups at two years.●CONCLUSION:The utilization of trifocal IOL and capsular tension ring implantation is beneficial for cataract patients with axial high myopia undergoing FLACS.This approach not only ensures excellent subjective feelings and objective visual quality,but also does not increase the incidence of postoperative complications.

Dynamic stability of axially accelerating viscoelastic plates with longitudinally varying tensions

The dynamic stability of axially accelerating plates is investigated. Longitudi- nally varying tensions due to the acceleration and nonhomogeneous boundary conditions are highlighted. A model of the plate combined with viscoelasticity is applied. In the viscoelastic constitutive relationship, the material derivative is used to take the place of the partial time derivative. Analytical and numerical methods are used to investigate summation and principal parametric resonances, respectively. By use of linear models for the transverse behavior in the small displacement regime, the plate is confined by a viscous damping force. The generalized Hamilton principle is used to derive the govern- ing equations, the initial conditions, and the boundary conditions of the coupled planar vibration. The solvability conditions are established by directly using the method of mul- tiple scales. The Routh-Hurwitz criterion is used to obtain the necessary and sufficient condition of the stability. Numerical examples are given to show the effects of related parameters on the stability boundaries. The validity of longitudinally varying tensions and nonhomogeneous boundary conditions is highlighted by comparing the results of the method of multiple scales with those of a differential quadrature scheme.

Simultaneous resonance of an axially moving ferromagnetic thin plate under a line load in a time-varying magnetic field

In this paper,the simultaneous resonance of a ferromagnetic thin plate in a time-varying magnetic field,having axial speed and being subjected to a periodic line load,is studied.Based on the large deflection theory of thin plates and electromagnetic field theory,the nonlinear vibration differential equation of the plate is obtained by using the Hamilton′s principle and the Galerkin method.Then the boundary condition in which the longer opposite sides are clamped and hinged is considered.The dimensionless nonlinear differential equations are solved by using the method of multiple scales,and the analytical solution is given.In addition,the stability analysis is also carried out by using Lyapunov stability theory.Through numerical analysis,the variation curves of system resonance amplitude with frequency tuning parameter,magnetic field strength and external excitation amplitude are obtained.Different parameters that have significant effects on the response of the system,such as the thickness,the axial velocity,the magnetic field intensity,the position,and the frequency of external excitation,are considered and analyzed.The results show that the system has multiple solution regions and obvious nonlinear coupled characteristics.

Research on Anti-Fluctuation Control of Winding Tension System Based on Feedforward Compensation

In the fiber winding process,strong disturbance,uncertainty,strong coupling,and fiber friction complicate the winding constant tension control.In order to effectively reduce the influence of these problems on the tension output,this paper proposed a tension fluctuation rejection strategy based on feedforward compensation.In addition to the bias harmonic curve of the unknown state,the tension fluctuation also contains the influence of bounded noise.A tension fluctuation observer(TFO)is designed to cancel the uncertain periodic signal,in which the frequency generator is used to estimate the critical parameter information.Then,the fluctuation signal is reconstructed by a third-order auxiliary filter.The estimated signal feedforward compensates for the actual tension fluctuation.Furthermore,a time-varying parameters fractional-order PID controller(TPFOPID)is realized to attenuate the bounded noise in the fluctuation.Finally,TPFOPID is enhanced by TFO and applied to control a tension control system considering multi-source disturbances.The stability of the method is analyzed by using the Lyapunov theorem.Finally,numerical simulations verify that the proposed scheme improves the tracking ability and robustness of the system in response to tension fluctuations.

Comparative evaluation of rotational stability of toric IOLs with four-eyelet vs two-eyelet capsular tension rings in eyes with high myopia

AIM:To compare the rotational stability of Toric intraocular lens(IOLs)implantation combined with foureyelet or two-eyelet capsular tension rings(CTRs)in eyes with high myopia and cataract.METHODS:This prospective randomized controlled interventional study in cluded 33 eyes which had preoperative corneal astigmatism≥1.5 D and ocular axial length≥25.5 mm.These eyes were randomly divided into two groups to undergo phacoemulsification and toric IOL implantation with either four-eyelet CTR implantation(group A,n=16)or two-eyelet CTR implantation(group B,n=17).Uncorrected visual acuity(UCVA),best-corrected visual acuity(BCVA),phoropter examination results,and toric IOL rotation degrees were tested 6 mo after the surgery.RESULTS:In both groups,the toric IOL was in the capsular sac 6 mo after surgery.The difference between the two groups in terms of visual outcome was not found to be statistically significant(P>0.05)at a follow-up of 6 mo.The mean residual astigmatism values were 0.56±0.22 D and 0.92±0.24 D in A and B groups,respectively(P<0.001).The mean rotation degree of IOL was 1.00°±0.73°in group A and 3.53°±1.46°in group B(P<0.001).CONCLUSION:In cataract patients with high myopia and astigmatism,four-eyelet CTR can effectively increase the rotation stability of toric IOLs,achieving the desired goal of correcting corneal astigmatism.

In-plane Tensile Behaviors of Bi-axial Warp-Knitted Composites under Quasi-static and High Strain Rate Loading

The in-plane tensile behaviors of bi-axial warp-knitted(BWK) composites under quasi-static and high strain rates loading were experimentally analyzed in this article. The tensile tests were conducted along warp direction( 0°) and weft direction( 90°) at quasi-static rate of 0. 001 s^(-1) and high strain rates ranging from 1 450 to 2 540 s^(-1),respectively. It is found that the significant strain rate sensitivity can be observed in the stress-strain curves of BWK composites. The fracture morphologies of BWK composites demonstrate that the tensile failure modes are shear failure and fiber breakage under the quasi-static testing condition while interface failure and fibers pullout are at high strain rates.

The Origin of Cosmic Structures Part 5— Resolution of the Hubble Tension Problem

The two principal contributors to the Hubble tension problem are the predictions of the baryonic acoustic oscillation model and the H0 parameter fit of the “Tip of the Red Giant Branch” collaboration. In this paper, we show that the former is neither necessary nor possible and that the latter yields a value in agreement with the supernovae results when adjustments are made for errors in the peculiar velocity model used to isolate the recession velocities of galaxies. We also make comparisons between the predictions of our new model of cosmology and the curve fits of the standard model. For values of redshift ≤ 1 we find that, with a Hubble constant of H0 = 73, the two agree almost exactly. We resolve the Hubble constant problem and validate the new model predictions for small redshifts.

基于声发射的高强混凝土轴拉与劈拉损伤演化特征

本研究对抗压强度约100 MPa的高强混凝土开展了轴拉和劈拉应力-应变全曲线试验,比较分析了两种试验全过程声发射特征,揭示了高强混凝土轴拉和劈拉破坏机制及损伤模式演化规律。研究表明:轴拉试样在峰值应力后受宏观裂缝不稳定扩展影响易发生偏心受拉,劈拉试样在峰值应力后应变分布较均匀,裂缝扩展较稳定;轴拉试样累计声发射撞击曲线在峰值应力处呈下凸型,而劈拉试样受局部集中应力影响累计声发射撞击曲线呈上凸型;轴拉试样受拉伸应力主导发生破坏,劈拉试样的破坏经历了拉剪混合破坏到拉伸破坏的转变。

灌浆插筋式模块钢结构连接节点力学性能试验研究

针对模块钢结构建筑间的连接问题,提出了一种新型的由钢筋与CGM灌浆料组成的灌浆插筋式模块钢结构连接节点形式,并采用试验和理论分析的方法,对节点柱的轴压性能、轴拉性能和抗弯性能进行了深入研究,提出了相应的承载力计算方法.研究结果表明:①在轴向压力作用下,此节点上下两侧空钢管发生屈曲破坏,轴压承载力约为钢管截面屈服承载力的97%,表明此节点具有较好的抗压承载能力;不同钢筋直径试件的荷载-位移曲线基本一致,表明节点的抗压承载力与钢筋直径无关;②在轴向拉力作用下,试件在节点的连接缝隙处发生分离,灌浆料表面呈现了斜向裂缝;在钢筋直径为14~18 mm的范围内,构件的极限抗拉承载力为钢管极限承载力的28%~32%,并且随着钢筋直径的增大,试件的极限抗拉承载力增大、延性减小;③在弯矩作用下,试件一侧受拉、另一侧受压,在节点的连接缝隙处钢管发生分离,受拉区灌浆料形成斜向裂缝;在钢筋直径为14~18 mm的范围内,构件的抗弯承载力为钢管承载力的37%~47%,并且随着钢筋直径的增大,试件的极限抗拉承载力增大、延性减小,试件的屈服位移和极限位移均增大.

摆动阀泥浆脉冲器扭杆测试装置设计

摆动阀泥浆脉冲器摆动频率高,载波频率高,调整方式丰富,传输速率快的特点。为了降低电机功率,摆动阀泥浆脉冲器使用扭杆作为弹簧平衡水力转矩,扭杆的疲劳寿命成为脉冲器的关键。为了检测扭杆能否满足长时间井下作业,设计了一套扭杆测试装置。该装置由摆动导杆机构、径向力消除装置、轴向力施加装置、实现扭杆尾端夹紧与止转的尾端夹紧装置、底座固定装置以及电控系统构成,可以同时实现扭杆在拉伸作用下的轴向拉力测试与反复扭转作用下的疲劳性能测试。该测试装置可以实现不同给定频率,两种摆动角度的摆动,提供轴向力满足1000磅的设计要求,该装置的研发成功对于评估扭杆的拉扭性能与疲劳性能具有重要意义。

常温养护超高性能混凝土弯拉性能及轴拉本构模型

根据水化反应方程和紧密堆积理论确定了常温养护下超高性能混凝土(UHPC)的基础配合比,基于此考虑水胶比和钢纤维掺量设计了8组UHPC抗弯试件。通过四点弯曲试验,分析了试件的受弯破坏形态、荷载-挠度曲线、弯拉特征参数和弯曲韧性等;基于试验结果采用倒推方法得到了UHPC轴拉应力-应变曲线,采用回归分析提出了考虑纤维特征的轴拉本构模型,并经过材料和构件两个层次的验证。结果表明:掺加钢纤维可抑制主裂缝的发展,从而明显改善UHPC的抗弯韧性,钢纤维掺量为2.0%的UHPC弯曲韧性指数达到116.9 J;随着水胶比增大,试件抗折强度和峰值挠度均呈下降趋势;增大钢纤维掺量明显提升了试件弯曲性能,掺入2.0%钢纤维的UHPC与未掺纤维相比,其初裂挠度和抗折强度分别提升157.14%和148.63%;当纤维含量为1.5%~2.0%时,试件具有良好的弯拉性能;水胶比对曲线平台段趋势影响不大,纤维掺量大于1.0%时曲线具有较明显的应变硬化特征,可保证UHPC良好的抗拉性能,其应变硬化特征随着纤维掺量增大而变得更明显;所提模型对UHPC受拉应力-应变关系具有较好的预测性。

双耳板焊接空心球节点轴拉力学性能研究

目的探究双耳板焊接空心球节点的受拉力学特性,揭示破坏机理并探讨影响其承载力的主要因素。方法针对8个双耳板焊接空心球节点进行轴心受拉极限承载力试验,并采用ABAQUS有限元分析软件对节点进行参数化数值分析,重点讨论节点几何尺寸对其承载力的影响。结果在轴向拉力作用下,双耳板焊接空心球节点破坏形式分为空心球开裂破坏,耳板与空心球连接处焊缝失效,且个别试件出现球面局部起皮;空心球与耳板连接端部处应力集中明显,随着荷载增大,在空心球与耳板连接处沿径向逐步进入屈服阶段。结论节点轴拉极限承载力,与空心球直径、耳板宽度与球外径比、耳板厚度与球壁厚度比呈正相关,与空心球径厚比呈负相关,且上述影响因素中空心球壁厚与耳板厚度比对承载力影响相对较小。

拉-压变轴力下小剪跨比RC剪力墙受剪试验研究

近年来,高层建筑中底部剪力墙因受拉,处于拉-压变轴力和水平荷载耦合受力的问题得到了广泛的关注。为了研究拉-压变轴力下小剪跨比钢筋混凝土(RC)剪力墙的受剪性能,该文完成了3个剪跨比为1.0的RC剪力墙在拉-压变轴力下的往复受剪试验,研究参数为拉-压变轴力变化幅值和加载路径。结果表明:不同加载路径下RC墙均在压剪方向发生剪压破坏,压剪方向极限位移角为1.2%~1.4%;拉-压变轴力变化幅值改变墙体拉剪和压剪承载力,加载路径对墙体的拉剪强度有一定的影响,但对压剪强度影响很小;拉-压变轴力下剪力墙的滞回曲线呈现明显不对称现象,拉-压变轴力的变化幅值对滞回曲线的形状影响较小,但加载路径改变滞回曲线的形状;拉-压变轴力的变化幅值将增加剪力墙拉剪与压剪刚度的差别,在双肢墙结构中可能导致更多的剪力从受拉墙体转移到受压墙体;基于OpenSees建立了可准确模拟拉-压变轴力下RC剪力墙受剪行为的有限元模型。

配筋UHPC构件轴心受拉承载力计算研究

为了研究配筋超高性能混凝土(RUHPC)轴心受拉构件承载力计算公式,基于试验统计数据,分析了纵筋配筋率、钢纤维掺量对构件轴心抗拉承载力的影响,并在现行混凝土结构设计规范计算模型基础上,简化了正截面承载力计算公式,给出了受拉区等效应力计算系数建议值,可靠指标分析满足要求。

基于等效短路试验的变压器用层压垫块累积效应

层压垫块是油浸式变压器线圈轴向支撑结构的关键材料之一,多次短路条件下变压器层压垫块的累积效应规律尚不清晰。该文提出适用层压垫块的多次短路等效试验方法,可模拟暂态分量为50 Hz的动态短路力,突破材料尺度上静态试验的局限;试验获得层压垫块在不同短路力大小、老化程度、短路类型和短路次数等条件下塑性形变的变化规律。结果表明:塑性形变与短路力大小有正相关关系并随着短路次数增加呈饱和特性;塑性形变与间隔类型的相互关系并不明显;根据老化15年层压垫块塑性形变规律,将累积效应划分为形变上升、稳定和快速累积3个阶段,老化和力联合作用下层压垫块纤维状态是发生不同累积特点的直接原因;层压垫块弹性模量与短路力呈非线性相互关系。进一步提出变压器轴向预紧力损失计算方法,实例计算表明,多次短路后各线圈轴向预紧力发生下降或再分配现象。研究结论为深入掌握多次短路累积效应对变压器的影响提供一定的技术支撑。

含零值绝缘子高压架空输电线路绝缘子串空间电场分布特性

基于有限元电场仿真方法,研究了110kV和220kV不同绝缘子串型出现零值绝缘子时邻近区域空间电场分布特性,对比合成电场和轴向电场分量对零值绝缘子的敏感度。针对单I悬垂串、双II悬垂串和耐张串等串型,分析零值绝缘子对不同串型的影响程度,定量分析零值绝缘子位置和片数对场强分布的影响特性。结果表明:轴向场强分量对零值绝缘子更为敏感,作为零值绝缘子检测的特征量更为合适;高压侧存在零值绝缘子对电场分布影响最大;对于悬垂双II串应分别测量两侧的场强,以判断零值绝缘子出现位置;连续2片、3片零值时场强下降幅度分别为单片零值的2倍和2.3倍等。

边缘连接结构对飞机座舱盖透明件拉伸及疲劳性能的影响

飞机座舱盖透明件所用材料以定向有机玻璃[聚甲基丙烯酸甲酯(PMMA)]、聚碳酸酯(PC)或者两者层合材料为主,而透明件与骨架的连接位置是飞机座舱盖结构中的薄弱区域,该区域作为保障座舱盖透明件密封性和完整性的关键组成部分,直接影响飞行员飞行安全。评估了单层PMMA和PMMA与PC层合结构透明件在软、硬边缘连接方式下的拉伸性能和疲劳性能,为不同边缘结构的使用寿命及可靠性评估提供数据支撑。研究梳理了单层有机玻璃透明件和层合结构透明件在轴向拉伸和疲劳测试过程中的断裂破坏、疲劳失效的原因及表现,并提出可能出现的缺陷对座舱盖透明件拉伸及疲劳性能的影响。结果表明,层合软连接、单层软连接、层合硬连接和单层硬连接结构试样的拉伸断裂应力分别为21.5,17.58,16.55,21.55 MPa,通过升降法得到的这4种连接结构的条件疲劳极限分别为10.15,10.52,8.01,9.77 MPa。综合实际应用中飞机座舱盖透明件轻质化和抗冲击性能要求,优选出层合软连接结构为四种状态下最佳的边缘连接结构。

高温作用后混凝土的动态轴拉力学性能研究

进行了高温作用后混凝土的单调拉伸和往复拉伸试验,分析了其主要力学特征参数(抗拉强度、初始弹性模量、峰值应变、残余应变、割线模量等)的温度效应和应变率效应。采用混凝土损伤模型,引入温度参数,提出了基于应变率效应和温度效应的混凝土加卸载模型,验证了模型的适用性。结果表明:混凝土的抗拉强度及初始弹性模量随着温度的升高而降低,峰值应变随着温度的升高而增大,残余应变累积与温度无关,而随应变率的增大而累积速率加快;混凝土卸载曲线的非线性程度与应变率呈正相关,与温度无明显关系;混凝土再加载曲线的非线性程度与温度呈正相关,与应变率无明显关系;通过对比得出,所提出的模型计算结果与实测结果吻合程度较好。

钢筋半灌浆套筒性能的试验研究

目前灌浆套筒作为常用的装配式建筑构件连接形式,其性能直接关系到装配式建筑的整体性能。研究按照行业规程中对钢筋灌浆套筒轴向拉伸性能的要求,对多组半灌浆套筒分别进行了单向拉伸、高应力反复拉压、大变形反复拉压的试验研究,通过对试验结果的分析,验证了不同连接钢筋直径的半灌浆套筒的轴向拉伸性能和其作为装配式建筑连接件的可行性。

关于锚杆预应力锁定值取值的探讨

以《建筑基坑支护技术规程》(JGJ 120-2012)为例,该规范在锚拉式支护结构设计中提出锚杆预应力锁定值宜取锚杆轴向拉力标准值的(0.75~0.9)倍,在执行规范设计过程时,需要运用弹性支点法求解支点力并据此求解锚杆轴向拉力。支点力的大小随锚杆预加力(锁定值)的增大而增大,同时锚杆轴向拉力标准值也相应增大,在满足规范建议取值范围的前提下,会出现得出的支点力过大,锚杆拉力过大,甚至会出现支护结构反向变形的情况,据此设计会造成支护结构不必要的浪费。通过对不同锚杆预加力大小得出的支点力、锚杆拉力、支护桩身位移及支护桩内力的对比分析,得出该规范的取值建议并不合理。同时从岩土工程师角度对其它规范中类似条款进行分析,最后提出在锚杆设计过程中锁定值的合理取值原则。该原则对岩土工程师设计预应力锚杆具有一定的借鉴意义。