Laser Doppler Vibrometer Without Directional Ambiguity Using Rectangular Phase Grating

The two-phase detection method for directional discrimination in laser Doppler measurements is discussed.The diffraction efficiency of a sin- gle period rectangular phase grating is analysed and a kind of back-scattered laser Doppler vibrometer without directional ambiguity using the single peri- od rectangular phase grating as the beam-combiner described.The principles of this kind of vibrometer are explained in detail,and some experimental re- sults are given.In this kind of vibrometer,the rectangular phase grating, without the zero diffracted order and even orders,is used to eliminate use- less stray light and to combine the useful signal light.Differential electronics is employed to reject signal noise.Therefore,the signal-to-noise ratio of Doppler signals and the measurement accuracy of the instrument are im- proved and the range of application is expanded.

Adaptive compensating method for Doppler frequency shift using LMS and phase estimation

The novel compensating method directly demodulates the signals without the carrier recovery processes, in which the carrier with original modulation frequency is used as the local coherent carrier. In this way, the phase offsets due to frequency shift are linear. Based on this premise, the compensation processes are： firstly, the phase offsets between the baseband neighbor-symbols after clock recovery is unbiasedly estimated among the reference symbols; then, the receiving signals symbols are adjusted by the phase estimation value; finally, the phase offsets after adjusting are compensated by the least mean squares （LMS） algorithm. In order to express the compensation processes and ability clearly, the quadrature phase shift keying （QPSK） modulation signals are regarded as examples for Matlab simulation. BER simulations are carried out using the Monte-Carlo method. The learning curves are obtained to study the algorithm＇s convergence ability. The constellation figures are also simulated to observe the compensation results directly.

Doppler estimating and compensating method based on phase

According to the Doppler sensitive of the phase coded pulse compression signal, a Doppler estimating and compensating method based on phase is put forward to restrain the Doppler sidelobes, raise the signal-to-noise ratio and improve measuring resolution. The compensation method is used to decompose the echo to amplitude and phase, and then compose the new compensated echo by the amplitude and the nonlinear component of the phase. Furthermore the linear component of the phase can be used to estimate the Doppler frequency shift. The computer simulation and the real data processing show that the method has accurately estimated the Doppler frequency shift, successfully restrained the energy leakage on spectrum, greatly increased the echo signal-to-noise ratio and improved the detection performance of the radio system in both time domain and frequency domain.

Dependence of interferogram phase on incident wavenumber and phase stability of Doppler asymmetric spatial heterodyne spectroscopy

Instrument drifts introduce additional phase errors into atmospheric wind measurement of Doppler asymmetric spatial heterodyne spectroscopy (DASH). Aiming at the phase sensitivity of DASH to instrument drifts, in this paper we calculate the optical path difference (OPD) and present an accurate formula of DASH interferogram. By controlling variables in computational ray-tracing simulations and laboratory experiments, it is indicated that initial phase is directly determined by incident wavenumber, OPD offset and field of view (FOV). Accordingly, it is indicated that retrieved phase of DASH is sensitive to slight structural change caused by instrument drift, which provides the proof of necessary-to-track and -correct phase errors from instrument drifts.

Reliability of X-band Dual-polarization Phased Array Radars Through Comparison with an S-band Dual-polarization Doppler Radar

Based on the observations of a squall line on 11 May 2020 and stratiform precipitation on 6 June 2020 from two X-band dual-polarization phased array weather radars(DP-PAWRs)and an S-band dual-polarization Doppler weather radar(CINRAD/SA-D),the data reliability of DP-PAWR and its ability to detect the fine structures of mesoscale weather systems were assessed.After location matching,the observations of DP-PAWR and CINRAD/SA-D were compared in terms of reflectivity(Z_(H)),radial velocity(V),differential reflectivity(Z_(DR)),and specific differential phase(K_(DP)).The results showed that:(1)DP-PAWR has better ability to detect mesoscale weather systems than CINRAD/SAD;the multi-elevation-angles scanning of the RHI mode enables DP-PAWR to obtain a wider detection range in the vertical direction.(2)DP-PAWR’s Z_(H)and V structures are acceptable,while its sensitivity is worse than that of CINRAD/SA-D.The Z H suffers from attenuation and the Z_(H)area distribution is distorted around strong rainfall regions.(3)DP-PAWR’s Z_(DR)is close to a normal distribution but slightly smaller than that of CINRAD/SA-D.The K_(DP)products of DP-PAWR have much higher sensitivity,showing a better indication of precipitation.(4)DP-PAWR is capable of revealing a detailed and complete structure of the evolution of the whole storm and the characteristics of particle phase variations during the process of triggering and enhancement of a small cell in the front of a squall line,as well as the merging of the cell with the squall line,which cannot be observed by CINRAD/SA-D.With its fast volume scan feature and dual-polarization detection capability,DP-PAWR shows great potential in further understanding the development and evolution mechanisms of meso-γ-scale and microscale weather systems.

A novel high precision Doppler frequency estimation method based on the third-order phase-locked loop

In deep space exploration,many engineering and scientific requirements require the accuracy of the measured Doppler frequency to be as high as possible.In our paper,we analyze the possible frequency measurement points of the third-order phase-locked loop(PLL)and find a new Doppler measurement strategy.Based on this finding,a Doppler frequency measurement algorithm with significantly higher measurement accuracy is obtained.In the actual data processing,compared with the existing engineering software,the accuracy of frequency of 1 second integration is about 5.5 times higher when using the new algorithm.The improved algorithm is simple and easy to implement.This improvement can be easily combined with other improvement methods of PLL,so that the performance of PLL can be further improved.

the phase-dependent gain without inversion in a Doppler broadened open four-level system

It is shown that in a Doppler broadened open N-type four-level atomic system with spontaneously generated coherence （SGC）, the gain without inversion （GWI） is very sensitive to the variation of the relative phase between the probe field and the driving field; the atomic exit rate （R0） and the ratio （S） of the atomic injection rates have a considerable modulation effect on the phase-dependent GWI. GWI first increases and then decreases with R0 increasing; in a certain value range of S, GWI increases monotonically with S increasing; by adjusting the values of R0 and S, in an open system a much larger GWI can be obtained than in the corresponding closed system [2011 Phys. Rev. A 83 043805]. The modulation effects of R0 and S on the phase-dependent GWI in the case with the counter-propagating probe and driving fields are stronger than those in the co-propagating case, GWI in the co-propagating case is much larger than that in the counter-propagating case.

Modulation of atomic exit and injection rates on the phase-dependent gain without inversion in a Doppler broadened open four-level system

It is shown that in a Doppler broadened open N-type four-level atomic system with spontaneously generated coherence (SGC), the gain without inversion (GWI) is very sensitive to the variation of the relative phase between the probe field and the driving field; the atomic exit rate (R0) and the ratio (S) of the atomic injection rates have a considerable modulation effect on the phase-dependent GWI. GWI first increases and then decreases with R0 increasing; in a certain value range of S, GWI increases monotonically with S increasing; by adjusting the values of R0 and S, in an open system a much larger GWI can be obtained than in the corresponding closed system [2011 Phys. Rev. A 83 043805]. The modulation effects of R0 and S on the phase-dependent GWI in the case with the counter-propagating probe and driving fields are stronger than those in the co-propagating case, GWI in the co-propagating case is much larger than that in the counter-propagating case.

基于时域编码超表面脉内-脉间编码优化的雷达干扰方法

时域编码超表面是一项可以对电磁波进行时变调制的新技术,针对该技术的调控特性,该文提出了一种基于时域编码超表面脉内-脉间编码优化的雷达干扰方法。首先分别在快时间域和慢时间域建立优化模型,通过优化脉内-脉间相位编码,实现目标能量的搬移,形成距离-多普勒二维图上的欺骗干扰。然后通过遗传算法对该离散优化模型进行求解。另外,该文从超表面编码策略的角度分析了多种调控因素对干扰效果的影响,为实现欺骗干扰的最佳策略提供指导。

TRANSVERSE VELOCITY ESTIMATION BASED ON HIGH-ORDER DOPPLER EFFECT OF MOVING OBJECT

The one-order phase of the echo changes if there is relative radial moving between the object and the radar, i.e. , the Doppler effect. The Doppler effect is widely used in radar signal processing. The transverse motion of the object cannot change the one-order phase of the echo, but the high-order phase. The high-order Doppler effect of the transverse moving target is presented and a new algorithm for obtaining the transverse velocity is given. The scalar velocity of a target moving steadily in any direction can be calculated with one-order and two-order items of the echo phase. The calculating method and simulating results are given. As the transverse speed is 900 km/h, the speed calculation error is less than 0. 06% if SNR of echo signal is higher than 0 dB.

二维光子晶体中反常Doppler效应的相位演变

光在具有负等效折射率的二维光子晶体中传输时会产生反常Doppler现象,为了分析光在该反常效应中传输时的相位变化,首先用时域有限差分(FDTD)法仿真了光经过静止光子晶体时的负折射现象,然后对光子晶体中沿光传输方向的Bloch波做快速傅里叶(FFT)处理。对滤波后的频谱,用iFFT反演出各平面波分量,并通过分析各平面波分量的相位演变,分离出与负折射产生有关的后退波分量。然后,将实验中的连续运动过程分解为各静止瞬间,分析了各相邻时刻探测面上信号光和参考光的相位变化,此处两束光的相位变化差随时间的变化量就是差频。静态FDTD方法仿真计算得到的差频与理论值的误差约为20%,能较好解释反常Doppler效应发生过程中光的相位变化。本文的研究揭示了反常Doppler效应发生时光子晶体中起作用的分量的相位变化,也为研究光在运动介质中的传输特性提供了新的思路。

复杂运动舰船目标SAR成像空/时变散焦特性研究

合成孔径雷达(sythetic aperture radar,SAR)能够对海上舰船目标进行全天时、全天候成像,但是运动舰船在高分辨率SAR图像上的方位向散焦会严重影响后续对舰船目标的识别。由于舰船运动的非合作性,目前对复杂运动舰船在SAR图像中的散焦特性认识不足。本文首先从SAR成像原理出发,理论推导得出舰船复杂运动引起的SAR回波信号相位误差的空变性和时变性是导致其SAR图像质量下降的决定性因素。在此基础上,构建了一个复杂运动舰船目标SAR成像模拟器,通过对不同运动状态、不同合成孔径时间舰船点、线、面目标的SAR成像仿真,揭示了复杂运动舰船目标SAR成像空/时变散焦特性。其中,空变性会造成舰船在SAR图像上非均匀散焦;时变性使得舰船在SAR图像上变为一条方位向能量带。最后,结合空/时变散焦特性,探讨了未来SAR运动舰船重聚焦技术的发展方向。

m-序列编码连续波信号的Doppler补偿

在相位编码脉冲压缩技术中,各种码都存在着多卜勒失配的问题。本文根据m-序列码的移位相乘性质,提出了一种扩展m-序列编码连续波信号多卜勒频移容限带宽的方法,并分析了该方法的多卜勒失配性能。该方法降低了旁瓣电平对多卜勒频移的敏感性,与传统编码信号的处理方法相比,具有较大的多卜勒容限带宽。经计算机模拟,证实了该方法的有效性。

Doppler展宽准Λ型四能级系统中传播效应的位相相关性(英文)

利用数值计算详细研究具有真空诱导相干的准Λ型四能级原子系统中探测场和驱动场之间的相对位相(ф)对传播效应的影响。结果表明:通过选择ф的取值可以获得更大的GWI和更长的存在无反转增益的传播距离,从而获得更高的LWI强度;Doppler展宽存在时,Doppler展宽宽度及探测场和驱动场传播方向对位相相关的GWI和LWI强度的空间演化有明显的调制作用。

基于最佳采样点的GMSK相干接收算法

针对高斯滤波最小频移键控(Gaussian-filtered minimum shift keying,GMSK)相位连续性导致相位估计存在模糊度问题,提出一种基于最佳采样点的GMSK相干接收算法。发射端通过构造预编码方式对原始消息编码后调制,以实现符号间的相位解耦,接收端在码间串扰最小时刻实现最佳采样点抽取,将GMSK转变成类偏移四相相移键控(offset quadrature phase shift keying,OQPSK)调制,有效避免未知数据段对后续同步段引入模糊初相而导致多普勒相位和频率无法准确估计的问题,最后提出基于最佳采样点的GMSK相干解调算法,实现低复杂度的可靠接收。仿真结果表明,所提算法多普勒频率估计范围大且估计精度高,同时与最佳解调接收机相比,所提算法解调复杂度低且解调性能损失小。

基于自适应阈值的北斗三频周跳探测与修复方法

针对单频多普勒积分法中周跳检测量噪声大,且动态环境下固定阈值不能反映实际周跳检测量噪声的问题,设计了北斗三频多普勒积分组合法,基于滑动窗口和高度角信息构建了自适应阈值模型;联合无几何相位法对北斗三频数据进行周跳探测,以解决三频多普勒积分组合法存在不敏感周跳的问题;采用空间搜索法对周跳组合进行解算,并遵循最小1-范数原则,对北斗三频周跳进行检验修复。实验结果表明:在动态环境下,自适应阈值降低了中、低仰角卫星的周跳误探次数,该方法可探测出包括1周在内的所有周跳组合并正确修复。

应用于5.8 GHz频段雷达的高性能VCO的设计

为满足5.8 GHz频段的多普勒雷达系统应用需要,设计了一种基于HLMC 55 nm射频CMOS工艺的低功耗、低噪声、宽调谐范围压控振荡器(VCO)。该VCO采用了5位电容阵列,实现了4.9 GHz到7.3 GHz共2.4 GHz的宽调谐范围,且通过压控电容偏置方法,使得相邻子带频率重叠范围达到50%以上;为了提高VCO的噪声性能,使用了自行设计的8字电感,EM仿真下电感值为1.04 nH,品质因素Q值为16.8。后仿真结果表明,该VCO在1.2 V电源下工作电流1.5 mA,功耗1.8 mW。该VCO关注低频部分的相位噪声,优化相位噪声在100 Hz偏移处为-12 dBc/Hz,在1 MHz偏移处为-108.6 dBc/Hz,在10 MHz偏移处为-130.3 dBc/Hz。

基于多普勒因子补偿的高速平台声学测速方法

水下运动平台自速度估计通过声学多普勒测速技术实现,其中估计的核心在于复相关过程。高速工况下,多普勒效应的增强导致回波最优相关性偏移先验相关峰位置,产生测速误差。文章针对上述问题,提出一种基于相关域多普勒因子补偿的高速平台宽带二进制相移键控(Binary Phase Shift Keying,BPSK)测速方法。该方法通过对多普勒因子进行“估计−补偿”迭代过程,修正常规复相关测速结果。仿真结果表明,修正后的速度估计准确度提高了5‰以上,有效优化高速运动平台的自速度估计性能。

无线电多普勒频率—相位差运动轨迹参数估计方法仿真研究

末端运动轨迹参数作为命中精度性能的集中体现,是性能评估的关键测量指标。论文对无线电多普勒频率—相位差运动轨迹参数估计方法原理进行了介绍,采用仿真手段验证了该测量技术体制对多普勒频率、相位差工程采样误差的容忍度,为空中末端运动轨迹参数测量准确性的判断提供理论参考依据。

Doppler超声时间指标评价高血压病、冠心病左室功能

采用Ｄｏｐｐｌｅｒ超声测量ＣＨＤ、ＨＤ、ＨＣＤ－ＣＨＤ及ｓ四组ＡＴ、ＥＴ、ＡＴ／ＥＴ、ＩＣＴ、ＰＥＰ／ＥＴ、ＰＥＰ、ＩＶＲＴ、ＡｃＴＥ、ＡｃＴＥ／ＭＶＯＴ，结果ＣＨＤ、ＨＤ、ＨＣＤ－ＣＨＤ三组ＩＶＲＴ明显升高（Ｐ＜０．０１），ＨＤ、ＣＨＤ与ＨＣＤＣＨＤ之ＩＶＲＴ差异有显著性（Ｐ＜０．０１），ＮＳ、ＣＨＤ、ＨＤ与ＨＣＤ－ＣＨＤ组ＰＥＰ／ＥＴ、ＩＣＴ、ＰＥＰ差异均有显著性（Ｐ＜０．０５），ＨＣＤ－ＣＨＤ组ＰＥＰ／ＥＴ、ＩＣＴ、ＰＥＰ值升高，ＮＳ、ＨＤ与ＣＨＤ、ＨＣＤ－ＣＨＤ、ＡＴ／ＥＴ差异有显著性（Ｐ＜０．０５），ＣＨＤ及ＨＣＤ－ＣＨＤ组ＡＴ／ＥＴ下降，ＨＲ、ＡＴ、ＥＴ、ＡＣＴＥ各组间差异均无显著性（Ｐ＞０．０５），Ｄｏｐｐｌｅｒ超声时间指标评价左室功能具有一定价值。