Improving the nutritional values of yellow mealworm Tenebrio molitor(Coleoptera: Tenebrionidae) larvae as an animal feed ingredient: a review

Yellow mealworm larvae(YML;Tenebrio molitor) are considered as a valuable insect species for animal feed due to their high nutritional values and ability to grow under different substrates and rearing conditions. Advances in the understanding of entomophagy and animal nutrition over the past decades have propelled research areas toward testing multiple aspects of YML to exploit them better as animal feed sources. This review aims to summarize various approaches that could be exploited to maximize the nutritional values of YML as an animal feed ingredient. In addition, YML has the potential to be used as an antimicrobial or bioactive agent to improve animal health and immune function in production animals. The dynamics of the nutritional profile of YML can be influenced by multiple factors and should be taken into account when attempting to optimize the nutrient contents of YML as an animal feed ingredient. Specifically, the use of novel land-based and aquatic feeding resources, probiotics, and the exploitation of larval gut microbiomes as novel strategies can assist to maximize the nutritional potential of YML. Selection of relevant feed supplies, optimization of ambient conditions, the introduction of novel genetic selection procedures, and implementation of effective post-harvest processing may be required in the future to commercialize mealworm production. Furthermore, the use of appropriate agricultural practices and technological improvements within the mealworm production sector should be aimed at achieving both economic and environmental sustainability. The issues highlighted in this review could pave the way for future approaches to improve the nutritional value of YML.

Ecosystem service values of gardens in the Yellow River Basin,China

Studies on the ecosystem service value(ESV)of gardens are critical for informing evidence-based land management practices based on an understanding of the local ecosystem.By analyzing equivalent value factors(EVFs),this paper evaluated the values of 11 ecosystem services of gardens in the Yellow River Basin of China in 2019.High-precision land use survey data were used to improve the accuracy of the land use classification,garden areas,and spatial distribution of the ESVs of gardens.The results showed that garden ecosystem generally had high ESVs,especially in terms of the ESV of food production,which is worthy of further research and application to the practice of land use planning and management.Specifically,the value of one standard EVF of ecosystem services in 2019 was 3587.04 CNY/(hm^(2)·a),and the ESV of food production of gardens was much higher than that of croplands.Garden ecosystem provided an ESV of 1348.66×10^(8)CNY/a in the Yellow River Basin.The areas with the most concentrated ESVs of gardens were located in four regions:downstream in the Shandong-Henan zone along the Yellow River,mid-stream in the Shanxi-Shaanxi zone along the Yellow River,the Weihe River Basin,and upstream in the Qinghai-Gansu-Ningxia-Inner Mongolia zone along the Yellow River.The spatial correlation of the ESVs in the basin was significant(global spatial autocorrelation index Moran's I=0.464),which implied that the characteristics of high ESVs adjacent to high ESVs and low ESVs adjacent to low ESVs are prominent.In the Yellow River Basin,the contribution of the ESVs of gardens to the local environment and economy varied across regions.We also put forward some suggestions for promoting the construction of ecological civilization in the Yellow River Basin.The findings of this study provide important contributions to the research of ecosystem service evaluation in the Yellow River Basin.

The Edible and Medicinal Value of <i>Coix lacryma-jobi</i>and Key Cultivation Techniques for High and Stable Yield

In this paper, it was introduced that Coix lacryma-jobi is a traditional dual-use edible and medicine crops in China, and the nutritional components and medicinal value of Coix lacryma-jobi were described. Based on the published literature at home and abroad, a variety of chemical components found in Coix lacryma jobi and their medicinal effects were reviewed. At the same time, the problems existing in the production of Coix lacryma jobi were put forward. With the improvement of people’s living standards, the nutritional and health care value of Coix lacryma-jobi has been paid more and more attention. The problems of Coix lacryma-jobi in production were analyzed. Some biological characteristics of Coix lacryma-jobi, especially its hygrophyte characteristics, were re-recognized, which is very important to increase the yield of Coix lacryma jobi. In the paper, the key cultivation techniques for high and stable yield of Coix lacryma-jobi were also summarized. In order to obtain high quality, high and stable yield, we should adopt the new technical methods of “two wet, two dry and two water” in water management. At the same time, if artificial pollination is applied in the peak of flowering period, the seed setting rate and the yield will be increased.

Nonphytate Phosphorus Requirement and Efficacy of a Genetically Engineered Yeast Phytase for Yellow Broilers at 22- to 42-d-Old Age

An experiment was conducted to investigate the requirement of nonphytate phosphorus（nPP） and efficacy of a genetically engineered yeast phytase（PHY A） for Lingnan yellow broilers from 22-to 42-d-old age.A total of 1 320 1-d-old male chicks were randomly divided into 11 dietary treatment groups,which consisted of 4 replicate floor pens with 30 birds per pen.The control group（treatment 1） was fed with basal diet of nPP 0.08% without dicalcium phosphate or phytase supplementation.Dietary levels of nPP were 0.16,0.24,0.32,0.40,0.48,and 0.56%,respectively,for treatments 2 to 7,through addition of dicalcium phosphate（chemistry grade） to the basal diet.Diets of treatments 8 to 11 were supplemented with PHY A at 200,400 and 600 U kg-1,a commercial phytase product（PHY B） at 400 U kg-1 level,respectively.The birds in 0.32-0.56% nPP groups gained more than those of the other groups（P0.05）.The nPP supplementation significantly improved feed intake（P0.05）.The feed gain ratio was significantly decreased by 0.40% nPP diet compared to the control birds（P0.05）.The level of 0.48% nPP was required for optimum tibia development.The additions of PHY A at 400 and 600 U kg-1 level and PHY B all significantly improved ADG（P0.05）,ADFI（P0.05）,and dry defatted tibia weight（P0.05）.Similarly,the percentage of tibia ash was increased by 600 U kg-1 PHY A supplementation（P0.05）.The requirement of nPP for maximal ADG and highest percentage tibia ash both was 0.40%.The phosphorus equivalency value of PHY A was estimated as 685 U kg-1 for male yellow broilers of 22-to 42-d-old age.

Wind-wave hindcast in the Yellow Sea and the Bohai Sea from the year 1988 to 2002

We performed long-term wind-wave hindcast in the Yellow Sea and the Bohai Sea from the year 1988 to 2002, and then analyzed the regional wave climate. Comparisons between model results and satellite data are generally consistent on monthly mean significant wave height. Then we discuss the temporal and spatial characteristics of the climatological monthly mean significant wave heights and mean wave periods. The climatologically spatial patterns are observed as increasing from northwest to southeast and from offshore to deep-water area for both significant wave height and mean wave period, and the patterns are highly related to the wind forcing and local topography. Seasonal variations of wave parameters are also significant. Furthermore, we compute the extreme values of wind and significant wave height using statistical methods. Results reveal the spatial patterns of N-year return significant wave height in the Yellow Sea and the Bohai Sea, and we discuss the relationship between extreme values of significant wave height and wind forcing.

黄河流域生态系统服务价值核算及生态管理分区

为了给黄河流域实施生态环境精细化管理和生态治理差异化管控提供参考,采用“单位面积价值当量因子方法”对黄河流域1995—2020年4类11种生态系统服务的价值(ESV)进行核算,采用Pearson相关分析方法对研究期6个典型年份流域各类生态系统服务之间的权衡与协同关系进行测度,同时借助空间自相关方法对黄河流域进行生态管理分区划定。得出结论如下:1)研究期内,黄河流域的ESV呈增加趋势。就土地利用类型来看,农田、湿地和荒漠的ESV占比减小,而森林、草地和水域的ESV占比的变化趋势则与之相反。供给服务、支持服务和文化服务的ESV占比均呈现减小趋势,而调节服务、支持服务构成了区域ESV的主体。空间上,单位面积ESV在东西走向上呈现“凹”形,在南北走向上呈现“凸”形。2)黄河流域各类生态系统服务之间显著正相关,强协同关系占比为47.27%,表明研究期内各生态系统服务之间成协同关系。3)将黄河流域410个研究单元划分为4个一级分区和13个二级分区,并提出相应生态管理措施。

《黄帝内经》的当代价值

《黄帝内经》作为中医学理论体系的奠基之作,蕴含了深厚的医学智慧与人文精神,历经两千余年而不衰,展现出持久的生命力。通过对《黄帝内经》的科学价值、理论价值、文化价值及临床价值进行表述,揭示其引领当代中医学术的重要贡献。《黄帝内经》的科学价值不仅体现在其对生命现象的深刻洞察和具体生理过程的解释上,更在于其理论在现代科学中的持续应用和验证。《黄帝内经》的理论价值不仅体现在其内在的逻辑严谨性和对现象的解释力上,更在于其能够指导实践、预测未来,并推动学科的发展,从生命周期理论、象数思维、滋生新学科等方面为现代医学和跨学科研究提供了新的思路和方法。《黄帝内经》的文化价值体现在它不仅记录了古代医学成就,也是中华民族智慧和精神的象征,对于保护和传承中华优秀传统文化具有不可替代的价值。《黄帝内经》亦蕴含着丰富的临床价值,为临床提供了诊疗理论、制方用药理论和流派理论。《黄帝内经》不仅是中国传统医学的宝贵财富,也是全人类共享的文化遗产,不仅是中医学的经典,也是全人类的经典,其思想精髓与实践方法在全球范围内的传播与应用,彰显了其超越时空的永恒价值。

基于当量因子法的黄河青海流域生态系统服务价值评估

黄河青海流域是我国重要的生态安全屏障,在黄河流域生态保护和高质量发展战略中有着不可替代的战略地位.本研究基于当量因子法得出2020年黄河青海流域生态系统服务价值达1866.99亿元.按不同土地利用类型区分,草地生态系统服务价值最大,占50%以上,其余依次为湿地>水域>森林>耕地>荒漠/裸地.按不同生态系统服务区分,黄河青海流域在调节服务方面产生的价值最高,占总价值的68.81%,其次为支持服务与供给服务,占比约占总价值的20%.按生态系统服务小类分,生态价值最高的为水文调节,水文调节方面产生的价值最大,占总服务价值的34.14%,其余依次为气候调节、生物多样性、土壤保持、净化环境、气体调节、美学景观等.

基于问卷调查的黄河国家文化公园文化价值(陕西段)认知研究

目的:研究公众对黄河国家文化公园及其文化价值的认知现状对其规划和建设具有重要意义。方法:选取“黄河国家文化公园(陕西段)重点建设项目”中陕西历史博物馆、秦始皇兵马俑博物馆、壶口瀑布和黄帝陵为调研地点,通过问卷调查的方式获取数据,并分析公众对黄河国家文化公园及其历史、教育、艺术、政治、社会、精神共6个层面的文化价值认知情况。结果:公众对黄河国家文化公园的认知度较低,对黄河国家文化公园文化价值的整体认知度较高,其中物质价值、教育价值和艺术价值的认知处于中等水平,而政治价值、社会价值及精神价值的认知处于中等偏上水平。结论:为提高公众对黄河国家文化公园及其文化价值的认知水平,在黄河国家文化公园的规划和建设中应注重保护黄河文化相关遗产,强化历史价值的塑造,加强宣传与教育,设计多样化教育活动,加强政治价值的宣传,拓展社会价值的影响及开发黄河文创产品,强化精神价值的传承。

宁夏区域黄河水文化的三种形态及多元价值表现

宁夏区域黄河水文化涵盖物质、制度、精神三种形态,是一个内涵极其丰富的文化体系,新时代条件下表现出对于宁夏地域文化、中华民族、世界文明,以及对于人与自然关系的独特作用和价值。系统梳理和挖掘宁夏境内黄河水文化内涵及其价值,是对区域黄河文化研究的一种补充,可为深度探究将这一优势文化资源转化为地区发展实力奠定学术基础,有助于传播和发展优秀的黄河水文化,进一步传承和弘扬黄河文化,推进新时代宁夏黄河流域生态保护和高质量发展先行区建设。

包头地区黄河故事的教育价值及其实现路径

黄河故事是发生于黄河流域的、人类利用自然和改造自然的历史故事以及基于此所做的艺术化演绎。挖掘包头黄河故事,传承黄河文化是发展中华民族传统文化的时代要求;讲述包头黄河故事,能够凝聚精神财富,强化包头黄河文化的精神支柱;传承发展黄河故事,能够继往开来,为民族复兴谱写新的篇章。讲好、讲实并讲精包头黄河故事,能够更好地推动其教育价值发挥及传承发展。弘扬包头地区黄河故事的教育价值,应推进大中小学思政课一体化建设,建设基于黄河故事的国家文化公园,开展研学旅行,在文化旅游多元形态中弘扬教育价值。

基于土地利用变化的黄河上游四川段生态系统服务价值评价

[目的]通过定量研究20年间黄河上游四川段土地利用变化与生态系统服务价值的关系,评估该流域段生态综合治理效果,为健全民族区域空间规划、生态环境保护与管理提供依据,助力黄河流域高质量发展。[方法]利用黄河上游四川段2000年、2010年和2020年土地利用数据,基于土地利用动态度、土地利用矩阵分析土地利用变化,并参考中国陆地生态系统单位面积生态系统服务价值当量,对黄河上游四川段生态系统服务价值当量的经济价值进行修正,定量研究黄河上游四川段2000-2020年间土地利用变化对生态系统服务价值的影响。[结果](1)2000-2020年黄河上游四川段林地、荒漠、湿地和水系土地利用面积呈上升趋势,耕地、灌木、草地和冰川积雪呈下降趋势,2010-2020年土地利用变化比2000-2010年更显著;(2)黄河上游四川段2000年、2010年和2020年生态系统服务价值分别为1.27×1010,2.51×1010,3.92×1010元,呈上升趋势,敏感性分析表明分析结果可靠。各土地利用类型中,对生态系统总价值贡献最为显著的地类是草地,2000-2010年和2010-2020年草地生态服务贡献率分别为93.90%和72.90%,其次为湿地和林地;(3)研究区在20年间各单项生态系统服务价值均呈增加趋势,区域生态服务功能的分项价值大小均为调节服务>支持服务>供给服务>文化服务,11个单项功能中起显著服务价值的为气候调节、水文调节、土壤保持和生物多样性,4项之和占总价值比例超过69.50%。黄河上游四川段土地利用变化影响区域生态系统服务价值的变化,其中草地影响最显著,其次为湿地和林地。[结论]研究结果表明20年间生态治理成果逐渐增强,生态环境不断变好。

河南黄河中游、下游湿地优势草本植物生态位与种间联结性研究

本研究以河南黄河中游及下游湿地为研究区,对区内19种优势草本植物的生态位与种间联结性进行分析,以期对黄河中游、下游湿地的生态恢复和科学治理提供依据。结果显示,研究区共调查到116种草本植物,其中19种优势草本植物种间生态位差异较大。黄河中游、下游湿地总体联结性呈显著正联结;黄河中游和下游AC值≥0.4的均为2对,优势种种间联结性较弱,物种独立性较强。研究结果表明,黄河湿地植物群落总体呈现正向演替,但这种演替不稳定,还处于初级阶段。在生态修复过程中可以优先考虑具有较高生态位宽度且适应性强的植物,如芦苇(Phragmites australis(Cav.)Trin.ex Steud.)、香附子(Cyperus rotundus L.)作为先锋植物以加快演替进程。

黄河文化的内在价值和实践进路——铸牢中华民族共同体意识的视角

铸牢中华民族共同体意识是全面建设社会主义现代化强国的重要任务。黄河文化作为中华民族共享的文化符号,凝结着各民族共同的悠久历史,见证了各民族共同的文化交融,塑造出各民族共同的集体记忆,指引着各民族共同的生活实践,其内蕴的独特“共同性”价值与铸牢中华民族共同体意识之间高度契合,对构筑中华民族共有精神家园意义深远。在新时代新征程上,应积极探索传承黄河文化、传播黄河文化、保护黄河文化、发展黄河文化的实践路径,实现黄河文化的创造性转化和创新性发展,助力各族人民持续铸牢中华民族共同体意识。

黄河流域生态系统服务价值时空异质性及驱动因素分析

【目的】在黄河流域生态恢复背景下,研究生态系统服务价值(ESV)的时空动态演变特征及其驱动因素,为可持续发展提供理论参考。【方法】基于2001—2020年20期的黄河流域土地利用数据,计算黄河流域ESV,利用空间自相关和探索性时空数据分析,揭示黄河流域ESV的时空分异动态特征,并引入时空地理加权回归模型探究黄河流域ESV时空分异的驱动因素。【结果】(1)2001—2020年黄河流域ESV整体呈上升趋势,生态系统服务中调节服务价值所占比重最大。不同土地利用类型中,草地和林地所提供的生态服务价值最高。(2)黄河流域ESV空间上存在显著正相关。大多数地区,局部空间自相关指标时间路径的相对长度和弯曲度较小,结构比较稳定,但空间依赖效应较弱。ESV移动方向中负向协同增长占比最大,呈低速增长特征。2001—2020年ESV时空凝聚概率超过80%,说明黄河流域ESV局部空间格局呈现相对锁定状态。(3)流域ESV驱动因素中,年降雨量主要起负向作用,年均气温和植被覆盖则主要起正向作用,而人口密度与夜间灯光指数的影响作用相对较弱。【结论】黄河流域ESV增长现状相对稳定,短期内较难改变,在影响ESV变化的因素中自然因素起主导作用。

山东省沿黄地区规模化牛场全株玉米青贮发酵品质及营养价值评价

为了评定山东省沿黄地区全株玉米青贮发酵品质和营养价值,以了解规模化牛场青贮玉米的制作现状,试验于2023年3—5月份分别采集沿黄地区滨州市、东营市、德州市、菏泽市、济宁市、济南市、聊城市、泰安市、淄博市的规模化奶牛场(51个)和肉牛场(54个)全株玉米青贮饲料样品共105份,测定样品的发酵品质和营养成分,参照《青贮玉米品质分级》(GB/T 25882—2010)对全株玉米青贮品质进行分级。结果表明:淄博市全株玉米青贮中乳酸含量显著高于其他市(P<0.05);德州市全株玉米青贮pH值显著高于滨州市、东营市、菏泽市、聊城市、泰安市和淄博市(P<0.05),其中淄博市全株玉米青贮pH值最低(3.15)。泰安市、滨州市全株玉米青贮淀粉含量较高,极显著高于东营市、德州市、菏泽市、济宁市、淄博市(P<0.01),聊城市极显著高于德州市、济宁市(P<0.01);济南市显著高于德州市、济宁市(P<0.05)。济南市全株玉米青贮中性洗涤纤维含量最高,极显著高于菏泽市、济宁市,滨州市、聊城市极显著高于济宁市(P<0.01)。德州市全株玉米青贮酸性洗涤木质素含量最高,极显著高于滨州市、东营市、聊城市、泰安市、淄博市(P<0.01),显著高于济南市(P<0.05);菏泽市、济宁市极显著高于淄博市(P<0.01)。德州市全株玉米青贮粗灰分含量最高,显著高于滨州市、东营市、聊城市、淄博市(P<0.05),菏泽市显著高于滨州市、聊城市、淄博市(P<0.05)。泰安市、济南市、滨州市、聊城市全株玉米青贮粗脂肪含量较高,极显著高于济宁市(P<0.01);东营市、德州市、淄博市显著高于济宁市(P<0.05)。各市间全株玉米青贮中乙酸、丙酸、酸性洗涤纤维、干物质、粗蛋白含量均差异不显著(P>0.05)。泰安市全株玉米青贮饲料品质为一级;济南市、聊城市、滨州市为二级;淄博市、济宁市、德州市、东营市和菏泽市为三级。说明沿黄地区全株玉米青贮饲料品质良好。

Modeling sediment transport in the lower Yellow River and dynamic equilibrium threshold value

A major problem in the lower Yellow River is the insufficient incoming water and excessive sediment supply, which results in serious deposition, continuous rise of the river bed, and austere flood control situation. To understand the sediment transport regularity of the lower Yellow River and determine the relationship between sedimentation, incoming water and sediment, and zone water diversion, a mathematical model of the sediment suitable for the characteristics of the lower Yellow River has been developed. This model is first rated and verified by large quantity of observed data, and it is then used to analyze silting reduction for the lower Yellow River by Xiaolangdi Reservoir’s operation, the relationship between zone water diversion and channel sedimentation, and critical equilibrium of sedimentation in the lower Yellow River. The threshold values of equilibrium of sedimentation in the lower Yellow River are estimated and they suggest that deposition in the lower Yellow River can be effectively reduced by the operation of regulating flow and sediment from Xiaolangdi Reservoir, water-soil conservation, and controlling water diversion along the lower Yellow River.

黄河三角洲生态产品价值核算及时空变化特征分析

研究目的:构建统一有效的生态产品价值核算方法体系,识别黄河三角洲生态产品价值的空间分布及动态变化,为生态产品价值实现路径和生态损害鉴定赔偿制度提供参考。研究方法:基于卫星遥感数据,采用生态过程模型和能值分析法。研究结果:(1)2000—2020年黄河三角洲生态产品价值增长了125.39%,其中物质供给与调节服务占比下降,文化服务占比上升。(2)从各项指标来看,水质净化和碳储量服务的价值下降;水源涵养与碳储量服务的实物量呈现下降趋势;粮食生产产品和碳储量服务的能值下降;其他指标的实物量、能值、价值均呈现增长趋势。(3)黄河三角洲生态产品价值呈现出“中部高、东北低”的空间格局,并表现出“中部区域向四周逐渐递减”的变化趋势;其中,粮食生产产品、水产养殖和休闲游憩服务高价值区域分别集中分布于黄河两岸、沿海地带和黄河入海口;水源涵养和水质净化服务呈现“中部高、沿海地区低”的空间特征;土壤保持和碳储量服务均呈现出“中部升高”的动态特征。研究结论:基于卫星遥感数据、生态过程法与能值法相结合的生态产品价值核算方法体系可显著提升生态产品价值评估的客观性和实效性,有助于推动黄河三角洲生态产品价值实现及生态补偿和生态环境损害赔偿政策的有效实施。

冷藏条件下宰后黄羽肉鸡新鲜度变化规律

以黄羽肉鸡为研究对象,测定4℃冷藏环境下宰后鸡胸肉pH值、色泽、菌落总数、总挥发性盐基氮含量、丙二醛含量、感官评价及鲜度(K值)的变化。结果表明:pH值和菌落总数将鸡胸肉的新鲜度分为新鲜肉(pH<6.7、菌落总数<6(lg(CFU/g)))和不新鲜肉(pH>6.7、菌落总数>6(lg(CFU/g))),对应时间为宰后0~3d和>3d;感官评分将鸡胸肉的新鲜度分为可接受肉(总分>60.00)和不可接受肉(总分<60.00),对应时间为宰后0~4d和>4d;K值将鸡胸肉的新鲜度分为一级、二级、三级、四级、五级新鲜肉和腐败肉,对应时间分别为宰杀当天(<5%)及宰后1(5%~15%)、2(15%~20%)、3(20%~25%)、4(25%~30%)、5 d(>30%)。因此,pH值、菌落总数、感官总评分和K值均能够反映短期贮藏(5d内)鸡胸肉的新鲜度,研究结果可用于判定鸡胸肉宰后时间及预测鸡胸肉的货架期。

黄河国家文化公园的育人价值及其实现路径

建设国家文化公园是当前国家为打造“中华文化重要标识”而着力实施的战略性文化工程。黄河国家文化公园在诉说历史事实、彰显文化意义等方面具有重要的现实价值。在国家文化公园体制下,要充分认识黄河文化资源的历史意义与现实价值,利用其在旅游观光、休闲娱乐、研学考察、教学科研中的育人作用,以多元文化展示强化历史文化记忆、以多种展示方式丰富展示场景、以沉浸式体验提升文化感受效果、以多元主体需求增强公园发展后劲,进一步激活其“文化基因”,发挥其在精神滋养、文明启迪及价值引领等方面的作用。