Objective To investigate the hepatoprotective activities of the extracts from Citrullus colocynthis(ECC),a native plant used as traditional Uigur Medicine on acute liver injury in mice.Methods The activities of ECC of...Objective To investigate the hepatoprotective activities of the extracts from Citrullus colocynthis(ECC),a native plant used as traditional Uigur Medicine on acute liver injury in mice.Methods The activities of ECC of petroleum ether(ECCPE),chloroform(ECCC),ethyl acetate(ECCEA),n-butyl alcohol(ECCBA),and water(ECCW) were evaluated in vivo using two experimental models,carbon tetrachloride(CCl4)- and bacillus calmette-guerin(BCG) plus lipopolysaccharide(LPS)-induced acute hepatotoxicity in mice.The contents of aspartate aminotransferase(AST) and alanine aminotransferase(ALT) in serum were determined and the liver histological examination was carried out,respectively.Results The pretreatment with ECC for 7 d obviously reduced the impact of CCl4toxicity on the serum markers of liver damage,ECCEA and ECCC with a significant difference of AST(P < 0.01,0.05,respectively) and ALT(P < 0.05,0.01,respectively).The protective activity was reconfirmed against BCG + LPS-induced injury and the serum enzymatic levels were obviously elevated,for ECCEA and ECCC with a significant difference of AST(P < 0.05,0.01,respectively) and ALT(P < 0.01,0.05,respectively).Conclusion That ECCEA and ECCC are the potent hepatoprotective extracts that could protect liver against the acute injury,and this ability might be attributed to their hepatoprotective potentials.展开更多
Objective:Bacillus Calmette-Gue´rin(BCG)instillation is the standard adjuvant treatment for intermediate-and high-risk non-muscle-invasive bladder cancer after transurethral resection.Nevertheless,its toxicity of...Objective:Bacillus Calmette-Gue´rin(BCG)instillation is the standard adjuvant treatment for intermediate-and high-risk non-muscle-invasive bladder cancer after transurethral resection.Nevertheless,its toxicity often causes bladder complications.On follow-up cystoscopy,post-BCG bladder lesions can be pathologically benign,urothelial carcinoma recurrence,or other types of bladder malignancy.Only a small number of case reports have been published on post-BCG bladder lesions.Their clinical features,natural course,and management remain unknown.Methods:We retrospectively studied cystoscopic videos and medical records of BCG-treated bladder cancer patients at our center.During a long-term follow-up,we took biopsies on tumor-like lesions and described their changes.In addition,we summarized previous studies on post-BCG bladder lesions by systematic literature searching and review.Results:We described a series of three cases with post-BCG bladder lesions mimicking tumor recurrence from a total of 38 cases with follow-up data for more than 5 years.Those lesions could last,grow,or disappear spontaneously,and remain pathological benign for years.In systematic review,we identified and analyzed a total of 15 cases with post-BCG bladder lesions with detailed clinical information.Eleven of the 15 were benign and have a good prognosis with nephrogenic adenoma being the most common pathological type.Conclusion:Based on previous studies and our experience,benign lesions after BCG instillation cannot distinguish with cancer recurrence by cystoscopy alone,even under narrow band imaging mode.Nonetheless,given most of them have a good prognosis,random biopsy or transurethral resection might be spared in the patients with long-term negative biopsy and urine cytology.展开更多
Objective:To compare the differences in adverse effects and efficacy profile between bacillus Calmette-Guerin(BCG)Danish 1331 and BCG Moscow-I strain in management of non-muscle invasive bladder cancer.Methods:Clinica...Objective:To compare the differences in adverse effects and efficacy profile between bacillus Calmette-Guerin(BCG)Danish 1331 and BCG Moscow-I strain in management of non-muscle invasive bladder cancer.Methods:Clinical data of 188 cases of non-muscle invasive bladder cancer treated with BCG between January 2008 and December 2018 in our institute were collected prospectively and analysed retrospectively,and 114 patients who completed a minimum of 12 months of follow-up were analysed.Patient and tumor characteristics,strain of BCG,adverse effects,and tumor progression were included for analysis.Intravesical BCG was instilled in intermediate-and high-risk patients.Six weeks of induction BCG,followed by three weekly maintenance BCG at 3,6,12,18,and 24 months was advised in high-risk patients.Results:Overall 68 patients received BCG Danish 1331 strain and 46 patients received Moscow-I strain.Patient and tumor characteristics were well balanced between the two groups.The median follow-up period was 42.5 months and 34.5 months in Danish 1331 and Moscow-I groups,respectively.Adverse events like dropout rate,antitubercular treatment requirement,and need of cystectomy were higher in Moscow-I group(n=31,67.4%)when compared to Danish 1331 strain(n=33,48.5%)(p=0.046).On direct comparison between Danish 1331 and Moscow-I strain,there was similar 3-year recurrence-free survival(80.0%vs.72.9%)and 3-year progression-free survival(96.5%vs.97.8%).Conclusion:Study results suggest no significant differences between Danish 1331 and Moscow-I strain in recurrence-free survival and progression-free survival,but a significantly higher incidence of moderate to severe adverse events in BCG Moscow-I strain.展开更多
Bacillus Calmette-Guerin(BCG) intravesical instillation has been adopted in the treatment of patients with superficial bladder cancer.BCG-induced disseminated infection,though rare,has been associated with the histolo...Bacillus Calmette-Guerin(BCG) intravesical instillation has been adopted in the treatment of patients with superficial bladder cancer.BCG-induced disseminated infection,though rare,has been associated with the histological finding of epithelioid granulomas in different organs,including the liver.We report the case of an adult patient with multi-organ failure,who developed sepsis,acute respiratory failure and acute hepatic failure with encephalopathy whose liver biopsy confirmed the presence of atypical,granulomatous-like lesions.Recovery was observed only after empirical therapy for Mycobacterium bovis with isoniazid,rifampicin,ethambutol and steroids was introduced.This case highlights the importance of a thorough patient assessment in order to exclude other more common causes of hepatic granulomas and to confirm diagnosis.Histological findings may be non-specific when the liver is involved in BCGinduced disseminated infection.展开更多
Metabolic diseases have overtaken infectious diseases as the most serious public health issue and economic burden in most countries.Moreover,metabolic diseases increase the risk of having infectious diseases.The treat...Metabolic diseases have overtaken infectious diseases as the most serious public health issue and economic burden in most countries.Moreover,metabolic diseases increase the risk of having infectious diseases.The treatment of metabolic disease may require a long-term strategy of taking multiple medications,which can be costly and have side effects.Attempts to expand the therapeutic use of vaccination to prevent or treat metabolic diseases have attracted significant interest.A growing body of evidence indicates that Bacillus Calmette-Guerin(BCG)offers protection against non-infectious diseases.The non-specific effects of BCG occur likely due to the induction of trained immunity.In this regard,understanding how BCG influences the development of chronic metabolic health including liver diseases would be important.This review focuses on research on BCG,the constellation of disorders associated with metabolic health issues including liver diseases and diabetes as well as how BCG affects the gut microbiome,immunity,and metabolism.展开更多
Objective：To detect the effects of Polyporus polysaccharide（PPS）,Bacillus Calmette-Guerin （BCG）,and their combination on the nuclear factor kappa B（NF-κB）signaling pathway associated-gene expression and invest...Objective：To detect the effects of Polyporus polysaccharide（PPS）,Bacillus Calmette-Guerin （BCG）,and their combination on the nuclear factor kappa B（NF-κB）signaling pathway associated-gene expression and investigate the molecular mechanisms of the toxic-reducing effect of PPS in coordination with BCG against bladder cancer.Methods：After T739 cells were treated with PPS,BCG and their combination, the changes in mRNA and protein expression of inhibitor of kappa B kinase beta（IKKβ）,NF-κB subunit p65 （NF-κB p65）,intracellular adhesion molecule 1（ICAM1）and chemokine（C-c motif）ligand 2（CCL2）in bladder cancer cell line T739 were determined by relative quantitative real-time PCR,Western blot,and flow cytometry （FCM）.NF-κB p65 DNA-binding activity in T739 cell was detected by biotinylated probe-ELISA,and NF-κB p65 nuclear expression in T739 cell was observed by immunohistochemistry.Results：Compared with the T739 control group,the mRNA expression of IKBKB（IKKβ）,Rel A（NF-κB p65）,ICAM1 and CCL2 in T739 cells treated with BCG were increased obviously（Ratio2.0）,as well as the expression of IKKβ,CCL2 and ICAM1 proteins.Meanwhile,NF-κB p65 DNA-binding activity and NF-κB p65 nuclear expression in T739 cells treated with BCG were up-regulated significantly（P0.05）.Compared with the control,the increased expression in T739 cells were simultaneously down-regulated after PPS treatment,except for ICAM1 protein expression.With cells treated with a combination of BCG and PPS,the expression of genes associated with the NF-κB signaling pathway,such as IKBKB,ICAM1 and CCL2,were all down-regulated compared to the BCG group,as well as Rel A mRNA expression,NF-κB p65 DNA-binding activity and NF-κB p65 nuclear expression.Conclusions： PPS could inhibit the over-activation of the NF-κB signaling pathway induced by BCG in bladder cancer cells and accordingly attenuate the adverse reactions to BCG therapy.展开更多
Approximately 70% of newly diagnosed bladder tumors are non-muscle invasive bladder cancer （NMIBC）. NMIBC accounts for approximately 80% of total bladder cancer cases. Bacillus Calmette-Guerin （BCG） instillation a...Approximately 70% of newly diagnosed bladder tumors are non-muscle invasive bladder cancer （NMIBC）. NMIBC accounts for approximately 80% of total bladder cancer cases. Bacillus Calmette-Guerin （BCG） instillation and maintenance is considered as the standard adjuvant treatment for superficial bladder cancer. A number of randomized studies have focused on the benefit of maintenance therapy following initial BCG induction. To provide further insights into the effect of intravesical instillation on recurrence in patients with NMIBC, we analyzed this relationship by conducting an updated detailed meta-analysis. Evidence suggested that adjuvant intravesical BCG with maintenance treatment is significantly effective for the prophylaxis of tumor recurrence in patients with NMIBC.展开更多
基金Major Science and Technology Projects of Xinjiang Uigur Autonomous Region of China(201130105-4)
文摘Objective To investigate the hepatoprotective activities of the extracts from Citrullus colocynthis(ECC),a native plant used as traditional Uigur Medicine on acute liver injury in mice.Methods The activities of ECC of petroleum ether(ECCPE),chloroform(ECCC),ethyl acetate(ECCEA),n-butyl alcohol(ECCBA),and water(ECCW) were evaluated in vivo using two experimental models,carbon tetrachloride(CCl4)- and bacillus calmette-guerin(BCG) plus lipopolysaccharide(LPS)-induced acute hepatotoxicity in mice.The contents of aspartate aminotransferase(AST) and alanine aminotransferase(ALT) in serum were determined and the liver histological examination was carried out,respectively.Results The pretreatment with ECC for 7 d obviously reduced the impact of CCl4toxicity on the serum markers of liver damage,ECCEA and ECCC with a significant difference of AST(P < 0.01,0.05,respectively) and ALT(P < 0.05,0.01,respectively).The protective activity was reconfirmed against BCG + LPS-induced injury and the serum enzymatic levels were obviously elevated,for ECCEA and ECCC with a significant difference of AST(P < 0.05,0.01,respectively) and ALT(P < 0.01,0.05,respectively).Conclusion That ECCEA and ECCC are the potent hepatoprotective extracts that could protect liver against the acute injury,and this ability might be attributed to their hepatoprotective potentials.
基金the National Natural Science Foundation of China(No.82172871)the Innovation Cultivation Fund of the Seventh Medical Center of People’s Liberation Army General Hospital(QZX-2023-17)the Youth Innovation Fund of People’s Liberation Army General Hospital(22QNFC095).
文摘Objective:Bacillus Calmette-Gue´rin(BCG)instillation is the standard adjuvant treatment for intermediate-and high-risk non-muscle-invasive bladder cancer after transurethral resection.Nevertheless,its toxicity often causes bladder complications.On follow-up cystoscopy,post-BCG bladder lesions can be pathologically benign,urothelial carcinoma recurrence,or other types of bladder malignancy.Only a small number of case reports have been published on post-BCG bladder lesions.Their clinical features,natural course,and management remain unknown.Methods:We retrospectively studied cystoscopic videos and medical records of BCG-treated bladder cancer patients at our center.During a long-term follow-up,we took biopsies on tumor-like lesions and described their changes.In addition,we summarized previous studies on post-BCG bladder lesions by systematic literature searching and review.Results:We described a series of three cases with post-BCG bladder lesions mimicking tumor recurrence from a total of 38 cases with follow-up data for more than 5 years.Those lesions could last,grow,or disappear spontaneously,and remain pathological benign for years.In systematic review,we identified and analyzed a total of 15 cases with post-BCG bladder lesions with detailed clinical information.Eleven of the 15 were benign and have a good prognosis with nephrogenic adenoma being the most common pathological type.Conclusion:Based on previous studies and our experience,benign lesions after BCG instillation cannot distinguish with cancer recurrence by cystoscopy alone,even under narrow band imaging mode.Nonetheless,given most of them have a good prognosis,random biopsy or transurethral resection might be spared in the patients with long-term negative biopsy and urine cytology.
基金We thank Dr. Neha Sanwalka for the support with the statisticalanalysis and Dr. Meenal Hastak and Dr. Bijal Kulkarnifor their continued support and in discussion of pathologicalaspects of disease.
文摘Objective:To compare the differences in adverse effects and efficacy profile between bacillus Calmette-Guerin(BCG)Danish 1331 and BCG Moscow-I strain in management of non-muscle invasive bladder cancer.Methods:Clinical data of 188 cases of non-muscle invasive bladder cancer treated with BCG between January 2008 and December 2018 in our institute were collected prospectively and analysed retrospectively,and 114 patients who completed a minimum of 12 months of follow-up were analysed.Patient and tumor characteristics,strain of BCG,adverse effects,and tumor progression were included for analysis.Intravesical BCG was instilled in intermediate-and high-risk patients.Six weeks of induction BCG,followed by three weekly maintenance BCG at 3,6,12,18,and 24 months was advised in high-risk patients.Results:Overall 68 patients received BCG Danish 1331 strain and 46 patients received Moscow-I strain.Patient and tumor characteristics were well balanced between the two groups.The median follow-up period was 42.5 months and 34.5 months in Danish 1331 and Moscow-I groups,respectively.Adverse events like dropout rate,antitubercular treatment requirement,and need of cystectomy were higher in Moscow-I group(n=31,67.4%)when compared to Danish 1331 strain(n=33,48.5%)(p=0.046).On direct comparison between Danish 1331 and Moscow-I strain,there was similar 3-year recurrence-free survival(80.0%vs.72.9%)and 3-year progression-free survival(96.5%vs.97.8%).Conclusion:Study results suggest no significant differences between Danish 1331 and Moscow-I strain in recurrence-free survival and progression-free survival,but a significantly higher incidence of moderate to severe adverse events in BCG Moscow-I strain.
文摘Bacillus Calmette-Guerin(BCG) intravesical instillation has been adopted in the treatment of patients with superficial bladder cancer.BCG-induced disseminated infection,though rare,has been associated with the histological finding of epithelioid granulomas in different organs,including the liver.We report the case of an adult patient with multi-organ failure,who developed sepsis,acute respiratory failure and acute hepatic failure with encephalopathy whose liver biopsy confirmed the presence of atypical,granulomatous-like lesions.Recovery was observed only after empirical therapy for Mycobacterium bovis with isoniazid,rifampicin,ethambutol and steroids was introduced.This case highlights the importance of a thorough patient assessment in order to exclude other more common causes of hepatic granulomas and to confirm diagnosis.Histological findings may be non-specific when the liver is involved in BCGinduced disseminated infection.
基金This study is supported by grants funded by the USA National Institutes of Health(R01CA222490).
文摘Metabolic diseases have overtaken infectious diseases as the most serious public health issue and economic burden in most countries.Moreover,metabolic diseases increase the risk of having infectious diseases.The treatment of metabolic disease may require a long-term strategy of taking multiple medications,which can be costly and have side effects.Attempts to expand the therapeutic use of vaccination to prevent or treat metabolic diseases have attracted significant interest.A growing body of evidence indicates that Bacillus Calmette-Guerin(BCG)offers protection against non-infectious diseases.The non-specific effects of BCG occur likely due to the induction of trained immunity.In this regard,understanding how BCG influences the development of chronic metabolic health including liver diseases would be important.This review focuses on research on BCG,the constellation of disorders associated with metabolic health issues including liver diseases and diabetes as well as how BCG affects the gut microbiome,immunity,and metabolism.
基金Supported by National Natural Science Foundation of China (No.30873426)Ministry of Education Doctoral Research(No. 200805720010)Research Project of Guangdong Traditional Chinese Medicine Bureau(No.2009191)
文摘Objective：To detect the effects of Polyporus polysaccharide（PPS）,Bacillus Calmette-Guerin （BCG）,and their combination on the nuclear factor kappa B（NF-κB）signaling pathway associated-gene expression and investigate the molecular mechanisms of the toxic-reducing effect of PPS in coordination with BCG against bladder cancer.Methods：After T739 cells were treated with PPS,BCG and their combination, the changes in mRNA and protein expression of inhibitor of kappa B kinase beta（IKKβ）,NF-κB subunit p65 （NF-κB p65）,intracellular adhesion molecule 1（ICAM1）and chemokine（C-c motif）ligand 2（CCL2）in bladder cancer cell line T739 were determined by relative quantitative real-time PCR,Western blot,and flow cytometry （FCM）.NF-κB p65 DNA-binding activity in T739 cell was detected by biotinylated probe-ELISA,and NF-κB p65 nuclear expression in T739 cell was observed by immunohistochemistry.Results：Compared with the T739 control group,the mRNA expression of IKBKB（IKKβ）,Rel A（NF-κB p65）,ICAM1 and CCL2 in T739 cells treated with BCG were increased obviously（Ratio2.0）,as well as the expression of IKKβ,CCL2 and ICAM1 proteins.Meanwhile,NF-κB p65 DNA-binding activity and NF-κB p65 nuclear expression in T739 cells treated with BCG were up-regulated significantly（P0.05）.Compared with the control,the increased expression in T739 cells were simultaneously down-regulated after PPS treatment,except for ICAM1 protein expression.With cells treated with a combination of BCG and PPS,the expression of genes associated with the NF-κB signaling pathway,such as IKBKB,ICAM1 and CCL2,were all down-regulated compared to the BCG group,as well as Rel A mRNA expression,NF-κB p65 DNA-binding activity and NF-κB p65 nuclear expression.Conclusions： PPS could inhibit the over-activation of the NF-κB signaling pathway induced by BCG in bladder cancer cells and accordingly attenuate the adverse reactions to BCG therapy.
文摘Approximately 70% of newly diagnosed bladder tumors are non-muscle invasive bladder cancer （NMIBC）. NMIBC accounts for approximately 80% of total bladder cancer cases. Bacillus Calmette-Guerin （BCG） instillation and maintenance is considered as the standard adjuvant treatment for superficial bladder cancer. A number of randomized studies have focused on the benefit of maintenance therapy following initial BCG induction. To provide further insights into the effect of intravesical instillation on recurrence in patients with NMIBC, we analyzed this relationship by conducting an updated detailed meta-analysis. Evidence suggested that adjuvant intravesical BCG with maintenance treatment is significantly effective for the prophylaxis of tumor recurrence in patients with NMIBC.
