Partially-Observed Maximum Principle for Backward Stochastic Differential Delay Equations

Dear Editor,This letter investigates a partially-observed optimal control problem for backward stochastic differential delay equations(BSDDEs).By utilizing Girsanov’s theory and convex variational method,we obtain a maximum principle on the assumption that the state equation contains time delay and the control domain is convex.The adjoint processes can be represented as the solutions of certain time-advanced stochastic differential equations in finite-dimensional spaces.Linear backward stochastic differential equation(BSDE)was first introduced by Bismut in[1],while general BSDE was given by Pardoux and Peng[2].Since then,the theory of BSDEs developed rapidly.The corresponding optimal control problems,whose states are driven by BSDEs,have also been widely studied by some authors,see[3]-[5].

A compact X-band backward traveling-wave accelerating structure

Very high-energy electrons(VHEEs)are potential candidates for FLASH radiotherapy for deep-seated tumors.We proposed a compact VHEE facility based on an X-band high-gradient high-power technique.In this study,we investigated and realized the first X-band backward traveling-wave(BTW)accelerating structure as the buncher for a VHEE facility.A method for calculating the parameters of single cell from the field distribution was introduced to simplify the design of the BTW structure.Time-domain circuit equations were applied to calculate the transient beam parameters of the buncher in the unsteady state.A prototype of the BTW structure with a thermionic cathode-diode electron gun was designed,fabricated,and tested at high power at the Tsinghua X-band high-power test stand.The structure successfully operated with 5-MW microwave pulses from the pulse compressor and outputted electron bunches with an energy of 8 MeV and a pulsed current of 108 mA.

Dielectric Resonator Magnetoelectric Dipole Arrays with Low Cross Polarization,Backward Radiation,and Mutual Coupling for MIMO Base Station Applications

Dielectric resonator magnetoelectric dipole(DRMED)arrays with enhanced isolation,reduced cross-polarization,and backward radiation are proposed for base station(BS)applications.The proposed antenna comprises an elevated dielectric resonator antenna(DRA)on a small metal plate above a sizeable common ground plane.The DRA is designed in its T Eδ11 mode,acting like a magnetic dipole.The surface current excited by the differential probes flowing on the small ground plane is equivalent to an electric dipole.Since these two equivalent dipoles are orthogonal,they have the magnetoelectric dipole characteristics with reduced backward radiation.Meanwhile,the small ground planes can be treated as decoupling structures to provide a neutralization path to cancel the original coupling path.A linearly-polarized 4-element prototype array was verified experimentally in previous work.Here,a dual-polarized DRMED antenna is presented to construct a 2-element and 4×4 array for BS applications.To investigate its MIMO performance,sophisticated multi-cell scenario simulations are carried out.By using the proposed dualpolarized DRMED array,the cellular system capacityis improved by 118.6%compared to a conventional DRA array.This significant MIMO system improvement is mainly due to the reduced backward radiation and,therefore,reduced inter-cell interferences.Measurements align well with the simulations.

Transition from backward to sideward stimulated Raman scattering with broadband lasers in plasmas

Broadband lasers have been proposed as future drivers of inertial confined fusion(ICF)to enhance the laser-target coupling efficiency via the mitigation of various parametric instabilities.The physical mechanisms involved have been explored recently,but are not yet fully understood.Here,stimulated Raman scattering(SRS)as one of the key parametric instabilities is investigated theoretically and numerically for a broadband laser propagating in homogeneous plasma in multidimensional geometry.The linear SRS growth rate is derived as a function of scattering angles for two monochromatic laser beams with a fixed frequency differenceδω.Ifδω/ω_(0)∼1%,withω0 the laser frequency,these two laser beams may be decoupled in stimulating backward SRS while remaining coupled for sideward SRS at the laser intensities typical for ICF.Consequently,side-scattering may dominate over backward SRS for two-color laser light.This finding of SRS transition from backward to sideward SRS is then generalized for a broadband laser with a few-percent bandwidth.Particle-in-cell simulations demonstrate that with increasing laser bandwidth,the sideward SRS gradually becomes dominant over the backward SRS.Since sideward SRS is very efficient in producing harmful hot electrons,attention needs to be paid on this effect if ultra-broadband lasers are considered as next-generation ICF drivers.

GENERAL COUPLED MEAN-FIELD REFLECTED FORWARD-BACKWARD STOCHASTIC DIFFERENTIAL EQUATIONS

In this paper we consider general coupled mean-field reflected forward-backward stochastic differential equations(FBSDEs),whose coefficients not only depend on the solution but also on the law of the solution.The first part of the paper is devoted to the existence and the uniqueness of solutions for such general mean-field reflected backward stochastic differential equations(BSDEs)under Lipschitz conditions,and for the one-dimensional case a comparison theorem is studied.With the help of this comparison result,we prove the existence of the solution for our mean-field reflected forward-backward stochastic differential equation under continuity assumptions.It should be mentioned that,under appropriate assumptions,we prove the uniqueness of this solution as well as that of a comparison theorem for mean-field reflected FBSDEs in a non-trivial manner.

Backward Support Computation Method for Positive and Negative Frequent Itemset Mining

Association rules mining is a major data mining field that leads to discovery of associations and correlations among items in today’s big data environment. The conventional association rule mining focuses mainly on positive itemsets generated from frequently occurring itemsets (PFIS). However, there has been a significant study focused on infrequent itemsets with utilization of negative association rules to mine interesting frequent itemsets (NFIS) from transactions. In this work, we propose an efficient backward calculating negative frequent itemset algorithm namely EBC-NFIS for computing backward supports that can extract both positive and negative frequent itemsets synchronously from dataset. EBC-NFIS algorithm is based on popular e-NFIS algorithm that computes supports of negative itemsets from the supports of positive itemsets. The proposed algorithm makes use of previously computed supports from memory to minimize the computation time. In addition, association rules, i.e. positive and negative association rules (PNARs) are generated from discovered frequent itemsets using EBC-NFIS algorithm. The efficiency of the proposed algorithm is verified by several experiments and comparing results with e-NFIS algorithm. The experimental results confirm that the proposed algorithm successfully discovers NFIS and PNARs and runs significantly faster than conventional e-NFIS algorithm.

Evaluation of corneal backward light scattering in type 2 diabetes mellitus

AIM:To compare the corneal backward light scattering values in type 2 diabetes mellitus(DM)patients with those of age and sex-matched healthy controls.METHODS:The study included 30 patients(30 eyes)with type 2 DM and 30 control subjects(30 eyes).Duration of diabetes,most recent hemoglobin A1c levels,along with the status of diabetic retinopathy,and existing medical treatment of all subjects were recorded.All subjects underwent a complete ophthalmologic examination.In addition,backward light scattering(densitometry)was measured to assess changes in corneal transparency using tomography(Pentacam HR).RESULTS:The type 2 DM patients included 12 males and 18 females and control subjects included 16 males and 14 females.The age was 50.40±7.80y(range:40-68y)of the diabetic group and 49.30±9.50y(rang:40-73y)of control group.The diabetic group demonstrated significantly higher mean densitometry values of the anterior(6-10 mm)zone(P=0.047),the total anterior layer(P=0.036)and the total cornea(P=0.043)than control group.The corneal densitometry of the diabetic eyes demonstrated no significant correlation with hemoglobin A1c levels and DM duration.CONCLUSION:Diabetic group has higher densitometry in anterior corneal(6-10 mm)zone,total anterior cornea,and total cornea and with no correlation with hemoglobin A1c levels and DM duration.

ANTICIPATED BACKWARD STOCHASTIC VOLTERRA INTEGRAL EQUATIONS WITH JUMPS AND APPLICATIONS TO DYNAMIC RISK MEASURES

In this paper, we focus on anticipated backward stochastic Volterra integral equations(ABSVIEs) with jumps. We solve the problem of the well-posedness of so-called M-solutions to this class of equation, and analytically derive a comparison theorem for them and for the continuous equilibrium consumption process. These continuous equilibrium consumption processes can be described by the solutions to this class of ABSVIE with jumps.Motivated by this, a class of dynamic risk measures induced by ABSVIEs with jumps are discussed.

THE REGULARIZED SOLUTION APPROXIMATION OF FORWARD/BACKWARD PROBLEMS FOR A FRACTIONAL PSEUDO-PARABOLIC EQUATION WITH RANDOM NOISE

This paper deals with the forward and backward problems for the nonlinear fractional pseudo-parabolic equation ut+(-Δ)^(s1)ut+β(-Δ)^(s2)u=F(u,x,t)subject o random Gaussian white noise for initial and final data.Under the suitable assumptions s1,s2andβ,we first show the ill-posedness of mild solutions for forward and backward problems in the sense of Hadamard,which are mainly driven by random noise.Moreover,we propose the Fourier truncation method for stabilizing the above ill-posed problems.We derive an error estimate between the exact solution and its regularized solution in an E‖·‖Hs22norm,and give some numerical examples illustrating the effect of above method.

Microstructure Distribution Characteristics of High-Strength Aluminum Alloy Thin-Walled Tubes during Multi-Passes Hot Power Backward Spinning Process

The microstructure of the thin-walled tubes with high-strength aluminum alloy determines their final forming quality and performance. This type of tube can be manufactured by multi-pass hot power backward spinning process as it can eliminate casting defects, refine microstructure and improve the plasticity of the tube. To analyze the microstructure distribution characteristics of the tube during the spinning process, a 3D coupled thermo-mechanical FE model coupled with the microstructure evolution model of the process was established under the ABAQUS environment. The microstructure evolution characteristics and laws of the tube for the whole spinning process were analyzed. The results show that the dynamic recrystallization is mainly produced in the spinning deformation zone and root area of the tube. In the first pass, the dynamic recrystallization phenomenon is not obvious in the tube. With the pass increasing, the trend of dynamic recrystallization volume percentage gradually increases and extends from the outer surface of the tube to the inner surface. The fine-grained area shows the states of concentration, dispersion, and re-concentration as the pass number increases. .

Glass-compatible and self-powered temperature alarm system by temperature-responsive organic manganese halides via backward energy transfer process

A pioneering glass-compatible transparent temperature alarm system self-powered by luminescent solar concentrators(LSCs) is reported.Single green-emitted organic manganese halides(OMHs) of PEA_(2)MnBr_(2)I_(2),which has a unique temperature-dependent backward energy transfer process from selftrapped state to^(4)T_(1)energy level of Mn,is used for triggering the temperature alarm.The LSC with redemitted CsPbI_(3)perovskite-polymer composite films on the glass substrate is used for power supply.The spectrally separated nature between the green-emitted OMHs for temperature alarm and red-emitted CsPbI3in LSC for power supply allows for probing the signal light of temperature-responsive OMHs without the interference of LSCs,making it possible to calibrate the temperature visually just by a self-powered brightness detection circuit with LED indicators.Taking advantage of LSC without hot spot effects plaguing the solar cells,as-prepared temperature alarm system can operate well on both sunny and cloudy day.

一种基于SHVE的连接查询动态对称可搜索加密方案

对称可搜索加密(searchable symmetric encryption,SSE)因其较高的搜索效率得到了人们的广泛关注.支持连接查询的对称可搜索加密方案可以提高方案的功能性.然而现有大部分连接查询方案不支持对加密数据库的动态更新操作,结合静态对称隐藏向量加密(symmetric hidden vectors encryption,SHVE)的定义,提出支持动态数据更新的动态对称隐藏向量加密(dynamic SHVE,DSHVE)的定义,并在此定义下构造了一种适用于可搜索加密应用场景的DSHVE方案.在此基础上,通过引入基于盲指数计算的不经意动态交叉标签,设计具有前向和后向隐私的向量数据存取结构,构造了支持连接查询的动态对称可搜索加密方案,给出了方案的详细工作过程和正式的安全性分析.理论分析和实验结果表明,连接查询时,该方案能够在不明显增加存储和计算开销的前提下,有效避免泄露匹配文档索引之外的结果特征.同时该方案能够仅通过单轮通信实现连接查询,具有较低的通信开销和较高的搜索效率.

车联网中基于三方Stackelberg博弈的动态多媒体定价方案

在当前车联网的应用场景下,中继车辆数据转发的积极性低下与存储空间有限,导致用户体验质量(QoE)降低,为此提出基于三方Stackelberg博弈的动态多媒体定价方案.为了激励中继车辆参与转发多媒体内容,提出多媒体内容定价框架,其中中继车辆获得全额佣金后向路侧单元(RSU)支付部分佣金.设计基于Stackelberg博弈的动态定价模型,根据中继车辆、用户车辆与RSU三方的存储空间利用率、内容数据大小和成本因素,建立各自的效用函数,并将其转化为三方四阶段Stackelberg定价模型.通过反向归纳法证明纳什均衡的存在,实现三方之间的动态定价以得到各自最优策略.仿真结果表明,所提方案有效解决了中继车辆存储空间过载问题,并提高了中继车辆积极性,且在提升用户QoE方面较传统方案具有优势.

关中五市不同季节污染颗粒物输送路径及潜在源分析

基于HYSPLIT后向轨迹模型及TrajStat中的PSCF和CWT分析法,利用2020年3月~2023年2月气象数据,对关中五市PM_(2.5)污染的时间分布特征及主要输送路径进行了分析,并探讨了不同季节影响关中五市PM_(2.5)质量浓度的潜在源区分布及贡献.结果表明:关中五市PM_(2.5)、PM_(10)浓度具有显著的季节变化特征,冬季PM_(2.5)浓度均值最高(84.36μg/m^(3)),夏季最低(21.42μg/m^(3)),月份趋势均呈现“U”型的特点,6~8月浓度达到谷值;5个城市四季均受到来自西北方向的长距离传输气团及陕西局地短距离传输气团的影响,该城市空气质量受陕西省内部短距离传输气团影响大,应与气流遇秦岭山脉阻挡回旋有关;潜在源区季节差异明显,春夏污染物浓度最低,主要贡献源区分布范围最小,冬季最广,WCWT值超过100μg/m^(3)的范围大,西北方向带状分布区域和陕西省南部及与其周围省份交界处对5个城市PM_(2.5)浓度贡献度较大;大气污染还受地形影响,类属于盆地地形的铜川污染分布与其他四个城市存在差异,污染浓度相对较低.

丹江口水库淅川库区大气硝酸盐干沉降特征及源解析

以丹江口水库淅川库区为研究区,于2021年1~12月设置5个监测点进行干沉降样品采集,分析了样品中硝酸盐浓度、通量及其氮氧同位素,基于稳定同位素模型(SIAR)量化了硝酸盐的主要来源.结果表明,库区干沉降中硝酸盐月均浓度为0.16mg/L,全年硝酸盐干沉降通量为2.49kg/(hm^(2)·a),δ15N-NO_(3)^(-)和δ^(18)O-NO_(3)^(-)月均值分别为(+0.17±4.10)‰、(+56.6±9.18)‰.干沉降中硝酸盐浓度、沉降通量和氮氧同位素的季节性差异显著,秋冬季节的硝酸盐浓度和沉降通量均高于春夏季节,主要与寒冷季节化石源排放量增加、大气边界层稳定性增强以及气粒转化平衡趋于颗粒态硝酸盐生成有关;冬季最高的δ15N-NO_(3)^(-)与冬季燃煤取暖和低温导致的氮同位素平衡分馏效应增加有关,夏季最低的δ^(18)O-NO_(3)^(-)则与NO_(2)+·OH途径形成硝酸盐占主导有关.SIAR分析结果发现,库区干沉降中硝酸盐主要来自化石源(交通排放及煤燃烧),贡献率为69.3%,其中交通排放源和煤燃烧源贡献率分别为51.1%和18.2%.冬季化石源的贡献率最高(72.0%),其中70.4%来源于交通排放.进一步证实交通排放和冬季燃煤取暖是影响库区干沉降中硝酸盐的主要因素,控制交通移动源污染排放和煤燃烧是今后减少大气中硝酸盐的重要举措.此外,较为稳定的生物质燃烧源对硝酸盐的贡献率表明外源输入也是库区硝酸盐干沉降中的重要来源.

BURP手法在改善声门视野中的应用

直接喉镜解决困难气管插管时,BURP手法能改善声门视野,提高插管成功率,但也有研究表明BURP手法会使声门视野恶化。随着视频喉镜的广泛应用,BURP手法的临床价值再次引起争议。本文就BURP手法的定义、方法、基本原理、应用喉镜时改善声门视野的作用等方面进行综述,以期为解决困难气管插管提供参考。

山洪灾害雨量预警指标分析方法评述与展望

山洪灾害预警指标是山洪灾害预报预警的核心,我国现阶段主要采用经验法和水位流量反推法确定雨量预警指标,并逐步推广应用复合预警指标法和动态临界雨量法。在系统阐述国内外常用雨量预警指标分析方法及其特点基础上,针对山洪灾害预警指标分析中需考虑的降雨时空分布变化、高含砂水流、泥石流及其他不确定因素影响问题,提出今后雨量预警指标研究方向。

支持模糊多关键字的动态可搜索加密方案

随着云计算的发展,云存储的便捷性和经济性使得大量用户将个人数据存储在第三方云服务器上.云端数据的加密存储可确保数据的安全性,但也增加了数据检索的难度.动态对称可搜索加密技术应运而生,其不仅能有效保护数据隐私,还可实现多关键字联合搜索的功能.同时,该技术在实际应用中引入的模糊搜索还可以增强用户的搜索体验和提高搜索效率.当前支持模糊搜索的可搜索加密方案存在一定的安全隐患,其未考虑动态更新时潜在的信息泄露问题.为此,提出了一种支持模糊多关键字的动态可搜索加密方案,在保证动态更新时信息安全的同时,支持多关键字联合搜索以及模糊搜索.该方案设计了一种关键字编码算法和局部敏感哈希函数构建模糊索引,并使用布隆过滤器加密算法对该索引进行加密,以实现模糊搜索.此外,引入了可信执行环境降低用户和服务器之间的通信开销、计算开销以及交互次数.最后,通过实验验证了该方案的安全性和有效性.

向后微分公式在六角形几何物理-热工耦合上的应用

针对六角形几何物理-热工耦合求解问题,提出了一种二阶变步长向后微分公式,物理和热工采用相同的步长和时间离散格式,并利用变步长技巧,提高计算效率。物理-热工采用模块化方式耦合,物理模块采用基于六角形几何的节块法,热工采用子通道程序,2个模块之间的数据传递通过共享内存的方式实现,开发了基于向后微分公式的HEXCOB-BDF程序。利用两个VVER堆芯弹棒事故验证该方法在物理-热工耦合上的准确性和计算效率。计算结果表明,HEXCOB-BDF程序与KIKO3D,DYN3D,PARCS计算结果相符,同时计算时间约为隐式Euler法计算时间的1/4。表明本文算法具有较好的准确性和较高的计算效率,可为六角形几何物理-热工耦合求解提供参考。

基于格密码的5G-R车地认证密钥协商方案

5G-R作为我国下一代高速铁路无线通信系统,其安全性对于保障行车安全至关重要。针对5G-AKA协议存在隐私泄露、根密钥不变和效率低等问题,基于格密码理论提出一种新型5G-R车地认证方案。首先,使用临时身份信息GUTI代替SUCI,克服了SUCI明文传输的缺点。其次,设计基于格密码的根密钥更新策略,采用格上公钥密码体制、近似平滑投射散列函数和密钥共识算法,实现了根密钥的动态更新和前后向安全性。再次,加入随机质询和消息认证码,实现了通信三方的相互认证,可有效防范重放、DoS等多种恶意攻击。最后,采用串空间形式化方法进行安全验证,结果表明:本文方法较其他方法有更高的安全性,被攻击成功的概率最低,仅为O(n^(2))×2^(-128),且有较低的计算开销和通信开销,能够满足5G-R高安全性的需求。