Fusarium head blight(FHB) caused by Fusarium graminearum is a devastating fungal disease on small grain cereal crops,because it reduces yield and quality and causes the mycotoxin contamination to the grain.Dynamins an...Fusarium head blight(FHB) caused by Fusarium graminearum is a devastating fungal disease on small grain cereal crops,because it reduces yield and quality and causes the mycotoxin contamination to the grain.Dynamins and dynamin-related proteins(DRPs) are large GTPase superfamily members,which are typically involved in the budding and division of vesicles in eukaryotic cells,but their roles in Fusarium spp.remain unexplored.Here,we found that FgDnm1,a DRP and homolog to Dnm1 in Saccharomyces cerevisiae,contributes to the normal fungal growth,sexual reproduction and sensitivity to fungicides.In addition,we found FgDnm1 co-localizes with mitochondria and is involved in toxisome formation and deoxynivalenol(DON) production.Several quinone outside inhibitors(QoIs) and succinate dehydrogenase inhibitors(SDHIs) cause fragmentated morphology of mitochondria.Importantly,the deletion of FgDnm1displays filamentous mitochondria and blocks the mitochondrial fragmentation induced by QoIs and SDHIs.Taken together,our studies uncover the effect of mitochondrial dynamics in fungal normal growth and how such events link to fungicides sensitivity and toxisome formation.Thus,we concluded that altered mitochondrial morphology induced by QoIs and SDHIs depends on FgDnm1.展开更多
Leaf and fruit spot (Pseudocercospora angolensis) disease of citrus attacks leaves, fruits, and young twigs of the plant. The disease can cause a yield loss of (50% to 100%) in areas with high rainfall and humidity du...Leaf and fruit spot (Pseudocercospora angolensis) disease of citrus attacks leaves, fruits, and young twigs of the plant. The disease can cause a yield loss of (50% to 100%) in areas with high rainfall and humidity during the active growth stages of the crop. Currently, citrus plantations in the south, south-west and north-west of Ethiopia are seriously affected by this disease. As a result, this study was proposed to study the effect of fungicides in controlling. And candidate fungicides were: Carbonchlor 50% SC only, Benline 50% WP only, Bellis 38% WG only, Carbonchlor 50% SC combined with Bellis 38% WG, Benline 50% WP combined with Carbonchlor 50% SC and Benline 50% WP combined with Matco 72% WP for effective management of citrus leaf and fruit spot (Pseudocercospra angolensis) disease. The study was carried out in 2021 cropping season. A Randomized Complete Block Design (RCBD) with three replications was the design applied. The result showed that the highest level of efficacy (90.46%) was produced by Bellis 38% WG fungicide followed by Carbonchlor 50% SC (86.50%), Bellis 38% WG + Carbonchlor 50% SC (82.00%), Carbonchlor 50% SC + Benline 50% WP (67.89%), Benline 50% WP (65.62%) and Matco 72% WP + Benline 50% WP (49.48%). Therefore, based on the outcome of the study application of Bellis 38% WG only followed by Carbonchlor 50% SC only, Carbonchlor 50% SC combined with Benline 50% WP, Bellis 38% WG combined with Carbonchlor 50% SC, Bellis 38% WG only, Benline 50% WP only and Matco 72% WP combined with Benline 50% WP were effective fungicides to be used for the control of leaf and fruit spot disease.展开更多
[Objectives]The paper was to identify the characteristics and the potency of new fungicides to rice blast disease,and study their preventive and therapeutic effects on the disease.[Methods]Six new and conventional fun...[Objectives]The paper was to identify the characteristics and the potency of new fungicides to rice blast disease,and study their preventive and therapeutic effects on the disease.[Methods]Six new and conventional fungicides with different mechanisms of action were selected to compare their preventive and therapeutic effects on rice seedling blast in greenhouse.[Results]The agents which showed to be highly efficacious in blast prevention(greater than 90%)were 25%pyraclostrobin EC,20%fenoxanil SC,75%tricyclazole WP and 50%prochloraz-manganese WP sprayed at the dosages of 112.5-150,180-360,270-450 and 450-600 g/ha,respectively.The therapeutic effect of new fungicides 25%pyraclostrobin EC and 50%prochloraz-manganese WP on rice blast were above 90%when the dosages were 90-150 and 360-600 g/ha,respectively.The therapeutic effect of the conventional fungicide 40%isoprothiolane EC on rice blast was 69.04%when the dosage was 480 g/ha,while those of other fungicides were worse.[Conclusions]Both 25%pyraclostrobin EC and 50%prochloraz-manganese WP have good preventive and therapeutic effects on rice blast,which will provide a reference for the use of these fungicides in the field.展开更多
近年来,受秸秆粗放还田、气候变化等因素影响,由禾谷镰孢复合种(Fusarium graminearum species complex)引起的小麦赤霉病在我国频繁暴发流行,成为长江中下游和黄淮海等小麦主产区的主要病害,严重影响小麦稳产丰收。病菌产生的脱氧雪腐...近年来,受秸秆粗放还田、气候变化等因素影响,由禾谷镰孢复合种(Fusarium graminearum species complex)引起的小麦赤霉病在我国频繁暴发流行,成为长江中下游和黄淮海等小麦主产区的主要病害,严重影响小麦稳产丰收。病菌产生的脱氧雪腐镰刀菌烯醇和玉米赤霉烯酮等真菌毒素也严重威胁小麦质量安全。当前,由于缺乏高抗小麦品种,化学防治仍然是赤霉病防控的重要措施,但随着单一作用方式药剂的长期使用,病菌抗药性问题也逐渐加重。本文综述了禾谷镰孢复合种对苯并咪唑类杀菌剂、甾醇脱甲基抑制剂、肌球蛋白抑制剂、琥珀酸脱氢酶抑制剂等几类常用药剂的抗性现状和抗性机制。在此基础上,探讨禾谷镰孢复合种的抗药性治理对策。展开更多
基金supported by the National Natural Science Foundation of China (31772190)the Jiangsu Agriculture Science and Technology Innovation Fund, China (JASTIF) (CX(21)2037)the Postgraduate Research & Practice Innovation Program of Jiangsu Province, China (KYCX21_0631)。
文摘Fusarium head blight(FHB) caused by Fusarium graminearum is a devastating fungal disease on small grain cereal crops,because it reduces yield and quality and causes the mycotoxin contamination to the grain.Dynamins and dynamin-related proteins(DRPs) are large GTPase superfamily members,which are typically involved in the budding and division of vesicles in eukaryotic cells,but their roles in Fusarium spp.remain unexplored.Here,we found that FgDnm1,a DRP and homolog to Dnm1 in Saccharomyces cerevisiae,contributes to the normal fungal growth,sexual reproduction and sensitivity to fungicides.In addition,we found FgDnm1 co-localizes with mitochondria and is involved in toxisome formation and deoxynivalenol(DON) production.Several quinone outside inhibitors(QoIs) and succinate dehydrogenase inhibitors(SDHIs) cause fragmentated morphology of mitochondria.Importantly,the deletion of FgDnm1displays filamentous mitochondria and blocks the mitochondrial fragmentation induced by QoIs and SDHIs.Taken together,our studies uncover the effect of mitochondrial dynamics in fungal normal growth and how such events link to fungicides sensitivity and toxisome formation.Thus,we concluded that altered mitochondrial morphology induced by QoIs and SDHIs depends on FgDnm1.
文摘Leaf and fruit spot (Pseudocercospora angolensis) disease of citrus attacks leaves, fruits, and young twigs of the plant. The disease can cause a yield loss of (50% to 100%) in areas with high rainfall and humidity during the active growth stages of the crop. Currently, citrus plantations in the south, south-west and north-west of Ethiopia are seriously affected by this disease. As a result, this study was proposed to study the effect of fungicides in controlling. And candidate fungicides were: Carbonchlor 50% SC only, Benline 50% WP only, Bellis 38% WG only, Carbonchlor 50% SC combined with Bellis 38% WG, Benline 50% WP combined with Carbonchlor 50% SC and Benline 50% WP combined with Matco 72% WP for effective management of citrus leaf and fruit spot (Pseudocercospra angolensis) disease. The study was carried out in 2021 cropping season. A Randomized Complete Block Design (RCBD) with three replications was the design applied. The result showed that the highest level of efficacy (90.46%) was produced by Bellis 38% WG fungicide followed by Carbonchlor 50% SC (86.50%), Bellis 38% WG + Carbonchlor 50% SC (82.00%), Carbonchlor 50% SC + Benline 50% WP (67.89%), Benline 50% WP (65.62%) and Matco 72% WP + Benline 50% WP (49.48%). Therefore, based on the outcome of the study application of Bellis 38% WG only followed by Carbonchlor 50% SC only, Carbonchlor 50% SC combined with Benline 50% WP, Bellis 38% WG combined with Carbonchlor 50% SC, Bellis 38% WG only, Benline 50% WP only and Matco 72% WP combined with Benline 50% WP were effective fungicides to be used for the control of leaf and fruit spot disease.
基金Agricultural Science and Technology Development and Resource and Environmental Protection Management Fund of Guangdong Provincial Rural Revitalization Strategy Project(2022KJ153-06)Special Fund for China Agricultural Industry Research System(CARS-01-32,2022KJ105)+1 种基金"The 14 th Five-Year Plan"New Discipline Team Building Project of Guangdong Academy of Agricultural Sciences(202116TD)Science and Technology Plan Project of Shaoguan(210804164531395).
文摘[Objectives]The paper was to identify the characteristics and the potency of new fungicides to rice blast disease,and study their preventive and therapeutic effects on the disease.[Methods]Six new and conventional fungicides with different mechanisms of action were selected to compare their preventive and therapeutic effects on rice seedling blast in greenhouse.[Results]The agents which showed to be highly efficacious in blast prevention(greater than 90%)were 25%pyraclostrobin EC,20%fenoxanil SC,75%tricyclazole WP and 50%prochloraz-manganese WP sprayed at the dosages of 112.5-150,180-360,270-450 and 450-600 g/ha,respectively.The therapeutic effect of new fungicides 25%pyraclostrobin EC and 50%prochloraz-manganese WP on rice blast were above 90%when the dosages were 90-150 and 360-600 g/ha,respectively.The therapeutic effect of the conventional fungicide 40%isoprothiolane EC on rice blast was 69.04%when the dosage was 480 g/ha,while those of other fungicides were worse.[Conclusions]Both 25%pyraclostrobin EC and 50%prochloraz-manganese WP have good preventive and therapeutic effects on rice blast,which will provide a reference for the use of these fungicides in the field.
文摘近年来,受秸秆粗放还田、气候变化等因素影响,由禾谷镰孢复合种(Fusarium graminearum species complex)引起的小麦赤霉病在我国频繁暴发流行,成为长江中下游和黄淮海等小麦主产区的主要病害,严重影响小麦稳产丰收。病菌产生的脱氧雪腐镰刀菌烯醇和玉米赤霉烯酮等真菌毒素也严重威胁小麦质量安全。当前,由于缺乏高抗小麦品种,化学防治仍然是赤霉病防控的重要措施,但随着单一作用方式药剂的长期使用,病菌抗药性问题也逐渐加重。本文综述了禾谷镰孢复合种对苯并咪唑类杀菌剂、甾醇脱甲基抑制剂、肌球蛋白抑制剂、琥珀酸脱氢酶抑制剂等几类常用药剂的抗性现状和抗性机制。在此基础上,探讨禾谷镰孢复合种的抗药性治理对策。
