Numerical Investigations of Laminar Air Flow and Heat Transfer Characteristics in a Square Channel Inserted with Discrete X-V Baffles (XVB)

Thermal performance enhancement in a square channel heat exchanger(HX)using a passive technique is presented.Vortex turbulator insertion in a square channel HX as a passive technique is selected for thermal improvement.The vortex turbulator of interest is discrete X-V baffles(XVB).The discrete XVBs are inserted in the square channel with the main aim of generating vortex flow.The vortex flow generated can support the enhanced convective heat transfer coefficient and also enhance HX performance.Effects of baffle configuration(type A and B),baffle size(w/H=0.05,0.10,0.15 and 0.20),baffle distance(e/H=1,1.5 and 2)and flow direction(±x air flow paths)on fluid flow and thermal topologies are numerically investigated by using a commercial code.As shown by the numerical results,the predicted flow configuration with the discrete XVB insertions,which include impinging and vortex streams,is found through the HX channel.The perturbing thermal boundary layer and greater air blending are also found through the HX channel inserted with the discrete XVB.These mechanisms promote and augment the convection heat transfer coefficient,heat transfer rate and rise thermal potentiality.The maximum Nusselt number of the channel with the baffles inserted is 11.01 times upper than that of the smooth channel,while the greatest thermal performance factor(TPF)is observed to be around 3.45.

Protective effects of baffles with different positions,row spacings,heights on debris flow impact

The baffle effectively slowed down debris flow velocity,reduced its kinetic energy,and significantly shortened the distance of debris flow movement.Consequently,they are widely used for protection against natural hazards such as landslides and mudslides.This study,based on the threedimensional DEM(Discrete Element Method),investigated the impact of different baffle positions on debris flow protection.Debris flow velocity and kinetic energy variations were studied through single-factor experiments.Suitable baffle positions were preliminarily selected by analyzing the influence of the first-row baffle position on the impact force and accumulation mass of debris flow.Subsequently,based on the selected baffle positions and four factors influencing the effectiveness of baffle protection(baffle position(P),baffle height(h),row spacing(S_(r)),and angle of transit area(α)),an orthogonal design was employed to further explore the optimal arrangement of baffles.The research results indicate that the use of a baffle structure could effectively slow down the motion velocity of debris flows and dissipate their energy.When the baffle is placed in the transit area,the impact force on the first-row baffle is greater than that when the baffle is placed in the deposition area.Similarly,when the baffle is placed in the transit area,the obstruction effect on debris flow mass is also greater than that when the baffle is placed in the deposition area.Through orthogonal experimental range analysis,when the impact on the first row of baffles is used as the evaluation criterion,the importance of each influencing factor is ranked asα>P>S_(r)>h.When the mass of debris flow behind the baffle is regarded as the evaluation criterion,the rank is changed to P>α>S_(r)>h.The experimental simulation results show that the optimal baffle arrangement is:P_(5),S_(r)=16,α=35°,h=9.

Dynamic Response of A Group of Cylindrical Storage Tanks with Baffles Considering the Effect of Soil Foundation

The sloshing in a group of rigid cylindrical tanks with baffles and on soil foundation under horizontal excitation is studied analytically.The solutions for the velocity potential are derived out by the liquid subdomain method.Equivalent models with mass-spring oscillators are established to replace continuous fluid.Combined with the least square technique,Chebyshev polynomials are employed to fit horizontal,rocking and horizontal-rocking coupling impedances of soil,respectively.A lumped parameter model for impedance is presented to describe the effects of soil on tank structures.A mechanical model for the soil-foundation-tank-liquid-baffle system with small amount of calculation and high accuracy is proposed using the substructure technique.The analytical solutions are in comparison with data from reported literature and numerical codes to validate the effectiveness and correctness of the model.Detailed dynamic properties and seismic responses of the soil-tank system are given for the baffle number,size and location as well as soil parameter.

Reduced power consumption in stirred vessel with high solid loading by equipping punched baffles

Solid-liquid suspension in stirred tank is a common operation in the chemical industry. The power consumption, flow pattern and flow field instability of three systems named as unbaffled stirred tank, traditional baffled stirred tank and punched baffled stirred tank(Pun-BST) were studied by using the computational fluid dynamic analysis. Results showed that perforating holes in the baffles could reduce power consumption of mixing. Meanwhile, the punched baffle system could maintain the solids in suspension as traditional baffle system. The results also showed that the baffles could increase the “effective flow” of stirred tank even though the whole velocity of the vessel is lower than un-baffled vessel. In addition, both the solid-liquid suspension and “effective flow” were related to instability of the flow field.Perfect solid-liquid suspension results always along with obvious instability of the flow field. But, the strengthening effect of punched baffle on flow field instability mainly happened in the near-wall area.It's because the collision and aggregation among sub-streams induced by holes intensified the unstable fluid flow. On the whole, the Pun-BST system provided much better mixing characteristics and recommended to apply in the industrial process.

Micro T-Mixer with Baffles: Effect of Baffle Height and Setting Angle on Mixing

Chaotic mixing in eight different types of micro T-mixer flow has been studied experimentally and numerically. The present experimental study was performed to visualize two-liquid flows in a micro T-mixer with baffles. The Reynolds number, baffle height and setting angle were varied to investigate their effect on the mixing performance. Three micro T-mixer models were produced, which are several centimeters long and have a rectangular cross-section of few millimeters a side. The mixing of two-liquid was measured using the laser induced fluorescence (LIF) technique. Moreover, three-dimensional numerical simulations were conducted with the open-source CFD solver, OpenFOAM, for the same configuration as used in the experiments to investigate the detailed mechanism of the chaotic mixing. As a result, it was found that the mixing of two-liquid is greatly improved in the micro T-mixer with baffle. The baffle height and setting angle show a significant influence on the mixing performance.

中东巨厚复杂碳酸盐岩油藏分层系均衡注水开发技术

基于中东碳酸盐岩油藏注水开发实践,以两伊地区(伊拉克和伊朗)白垩系巨厚生物碎屑灰岩油藏为例,针对笼统注采导致开发效果差的难题,提出以隐蔽隔夹层为格架精细划分开发层系、多类型多井型井网有机组合、构建均衡注采体系为核心的巨厚复杂碳酸盐岩油藏均衡注水开发技术。两伊地区巨厚碳酸盐岩油藏具有垂向非均质性强、多成因超高渗透层发育、隔夹层隐蔽性强等特征,基于隐蔽隔夹层识别与刻画技术、封隔能力评估技术,提出均衡注水开发技术,形成常规层系架构、精细层系架构、深化层系架构3种均衡注水开发模式和技术。数值模拟表明,均衡注水开发技术可实现两伊地区巨厚复杂碳酸盐岩油藏精细高效注水开发、均衡动用不同类型储量,并为同类油藏的开发优化提供借鉴。

新型钢管混凝土梁柱节点力学性能试验研究

为研究内加强环式圆钢管混凝土柱与矩形钢管混凝土梁这种新型连接节点的力学性能,设计了缩尺钢管混凝土梁柱节点试件,开展了相同梁柱节点试件的静力加载试验和低周往复加载试验。通过研究该节点试件的破坏模式、荷载-位移曲线以及拟静力加载试验的骨架曲线、核心区剪切变形等,分析了节点试件的承载能力、延性和耗能能力,全面考察了同一梁柱节点在静力加载和低周往复加载两种工况下的受力性能和破坏模式。结果表明:钢管混凝土梁柱节点试件核心区强度较强,破坏模式主要为梁端破坏,低周往复加载试验时试件梁柱连接处附近的梁端钢板发生拉裂破坏和钢板鼓曲,静力加载试验时试件梁端焊缝发生拉裂破坏;试件延性较好,加载过程中经历了弹性、弹塑性和塑性发展阶段。最后提出了该类钢管混凝土梁柱节点核心区的抗剪强度计算公式。

双吸离心泵吸水室隔舌位置对空化性能影响分析

双吸离心泵吸水室隔舌位置的不同,影响了叶轮进口的速度及压力分布,对泵空化性能具有重要影响。以一台单级双吸离心泵为研究对象,采用数值模拟的方法研究分析隔舌位置分别位于与水平方向呈45°(原模型),90°,135°及-45°四种吸水室内部流动变化对空化性能的影响。结果表明:采用隔舌位于90°和135°的吸水室,吸水室出口附近低压区明显增大,出口与转速方向相反的圆周分速度范围逐渐增大,在叶轮进口水力损失逐渐增大,临界空化数逐渐上升,泵空化性能降低。采用隔舌位于-45°的吸水室,吸水室出口附近低压区明显减少,出口不再存在与转速方向相反的圆周分速度,在叶轮进口水力损失减小,小流量及额定工况下虽然临界空化数变化不大,但在空化各个阶段叶轮内空泡率及空化区域均有所降低,在大流量工况下临界空化数下降较为明显。综合比较之下隔舌-45°吸水室,具有较好的空化性能。为吸水室的设计提供一定参考。

超大型侧吹熔池熔炼余热锅炉烟气流动及烟尘黏附研究

富氧侧吹熔池熔炼广泛应用于铜、铅、锌等有色金属的提取,其后端的余热锅炉承载着余热回收利用、沉降烟尘的重要作用。但在实际生产过程中,炉内烟气流场混乱,烟尘易黏附积灰,炉壁与部件磨损严重等,导致了余热回收效率降低,低负荷运行甚至被迫停机。针对上述问题,采用多相网格质点方法,对年处理150万t精矿超大型富氧侧吹熔池熔炼余热锅炉内烟气流动特性、烟尘沉降与黏附开展数值模拟研究。结果表明:炉内的烟气涡旋会导致烟尘回流至入口烟道;挡板前移会导致挡板受击与堵塞情况加剧;增大挡板间距能有效减小挡板的堵塞;增大辐射室空间能大幅度减小挡板受到的冲击。

液罐车防波板对液体纵向晃动及车辆动力学的影响

为研究液罐车防波板对液体纵向晃动及车辆动力学的影响,进行液罐车的液体纵向晃动受力预测及动力学分析。首先基于计算流体力学(CFD)软件FLUENT对罐体施加纵向加速度激励,获得不同充液率下有无防波板的液体纵向晃动力和晃动力矩。利用仿真数据,训练得到有无防波板的罐内液体纵向晃动Elman神经网络预测模型,以此建立一个简化的双轴液罐车整车纵向动力学模型。通过模型直线制动工况的仿真,考察防波板不同布置方式下制动距离的响应。结果表明:Elman神经网络预测模型可以有效地预测有无防波板的罐体受力;罐体内设置防波板可以减小车辆制动距离,且防波板两头小(等间距)中间大的布置方式的制动距离较小,有利于液罐车的纵向制动稳定性。

复杂地下工程施工风仓风量分配情况和局部阻力系数研究

为解决多掌子面且掌子面需风量间存在较大差异的地下工程施工通风节能问题,以多进出口隔板式风仓为对象,通过数值模拟方法,将进风量和隔板覆盖率作为自变量,研究风仓出风量分配情况和局部阻力系数。结果表明:(1)风仓出风量分配情况和局部阻力系数仅与风仓自身的结构形式有关,与进风量无关;(2)隔板式风仓出风管转角处会形成“三角状”高速区,隔板覆盖率越大,高速区内风流速度越快,高速区越短;(3)可通过改变隔板覆盖率,实现对风仓出风量的调节,并给出了风仓无隔板出风口出风量占比与隔板覆盖率之间的函数关系式;(4)风仓隔板覆盖率超过40%时,局部阻力系数会显著增加,并给出了隔板覆盖率与风仓各个出风口局部阻力系数的函数关系式,供后续研究和相关单位进行参考。

水平挡板流场对燃料电池性能与传质的影响

在质子交换膜燃料电池(PEMFC)流道内设置微结构,可增强反应气体从流道到催化层的传质能力,并提高电池性能。建立并对比交错安装挡板与对置安装挡板的模型,得出交错安装的布置方式,更有利于电池性能的提升。建立4种不同堵塞率的模型,发现随着堵塞率的升高,电池的最大净功率密度和极限电流密度增大,95%堵塞率模型的净功率密度最高,为1.053 W/cm^(2),较无挡板模型提升了14.58%,直至电流密度2.8 A/cm^(2)时,仍未出现明显的浓差极化。调整挡板夹角,综合考虑传质能力和泵送损失情况下,夹角为15°时,电池净功率密度最高。

船舶iCER系统除雾器模拟计算与性能优化

为了得到折流板除雾器的最优运行工况,并对除雾器进行优化改进,基于智能废气再循环(iCER)系统除雾需求,选择2种转折角度(120°和135°)的除雾器进行模拟计算,分析转折角度、液滴速度和液滴粒径等3种因素对除雾效率和压降的影响,结果表明:液滴粒径越大,除雾器的除雾效果越好;液滴速度越大,除雾器的除雾效果越好;转折角度为120°的除雾器相比转折角度为135°的除雾器除雾效果更好,但压降更大。研究除雾器的优缺点,设计一种带半圆板的新型除雾器,试验结果证明其具有高效率、低压降的特点,是一种符合iCER系统试验要求的除雾器。

大型侧吹熔池熔炼炉内铜渣双向对流过程中挡渣板的数值研究

本研究设计了具有短熔炼搅拌区和渣室沉降区的35万吨侧吹熔炼炉。探索了挡渣板的存在及其安装位置对大型熔炼炉内气-渣多相搅拌特性的影响。研究表明:短熔炼搅拌区保证了射流对位于熔炼区上方的渣层的充足搅拌,有利于熔池内的渣金分离。当挡渣板存在时,渣层内的搅动对渣室区域几乎没有影响,可以保证铜锍与炉渣的静置沉淀和分离。中部渣室带挡渣板的炉型方案的平均湍动能较中部出渣无挡渣板提升14%,较部端头出渣无挡渣板提升47%。

高黏度流体下折流板结构对管壳式换热器传热综合性能的影响

针对高黏度流体在弓形折流板管壳式换热器中综合传热性能低的问题,采用甘油作为壳程高黏度流体模型介质,通过三维数值模拟计算方法对其在弓形折流板和三分螺旋折流板管壳式换热器的壳程流动特性和传热综合性能进行研究。结果表明:甘油在三分螺旋折流板换热器壳程中呈螺旋状流动状态,相比于弓形折流板而言,虽然传热性能降低,但有效降低了壳程压降,热增强因子TEF提升了4.84%~28.95%。

分体箱梁中央隔涡板涡激振动抑制机理研究

借助风洞试验和计算流体力学对分体钢箱梁的涡激振动性能及中央隔涡板的抑振效果与机理开展研究,对比不同形式(水平隔涡板、一道竖向隔涡板、两道竖向隔涡板)和尺寸中央隔涡板的抑振效果,并根据流迹与速度云图对不同形式中央隔涡板的抑振机理进行分析。结果表明:开槽顶部水平隔涡板能够阻碍开槽处的气体对流,降低开槽内部及断面周围气流速度,增加旋涡移动和脱落难度,从而在一定程度上抑制涡激振动,抑振效果随隔涡板宽度增大而增加;开槽内部竖向隔涡板能够将旋涡稳定在隔板分隔出的几个小区域内,避免产生稳定的旋涡脱落,进而有效抑制涡激振动,设置两道半高竖向隔涡板比设置一道全高竖向隔涡板效果更好,但需对两板间距进行优化。

挡板构型对含钒页岩浸出槽内多相流行为的影响

搅拌浸出槽是石煤提钒浸出过程中的关键设备,搅拌槽的结构优化对提高固液悬浮性能具有重要意义。本文对不同构型挡板的某厂含钒页岩搅拌槽进行数值模拟,通过比照搅拌槽流场与相分布、死区分布等模拟结果,剖析不同构型挡板对含钒页岩搅拌槽内固液两相流的影响。结果表明:安装挡板对搅拌过程中钒页岩颗粒充分扩散有利。分段挡板条件下整体流速约为0.65m/s,相较于标准挡板更快,增幅约为15.00%。分段挡板与标准挡板对钒页岩颗粒在搅拌槽内的扩散优化效果相似,两种挡板均能缩小钒页岩颗粒的死区区域,其中标准挡板低浓度区域减少约99.14%,分段挡板沉积区域减少约91.21%。此外,分段挡板相较于标准挡板能够节省20.00%的搅拌功率。分段挡板在能获得与标准挡板相同搅拌效果的同时更加节能,具有较高的应用推广价值。

防波板对液氢罐式集装箱罐体结构强度的影响

针对液氢罐式集装箱在公路运输条件下,运载车辆加速、转弯、刹车时会导致内部液体大幅晃动,给罐体结构带来冲击,造成失效等问题,基于液氢罐式集装箱的防波板设置,建立了罐体和内部流体域全尺寸分析模型,分析了防波板、充装率及防波板数量对罐体薄弱位置应力的影响规律。结果表明:未设置防波板时,液体晃动会导致结构的应力水平提高20%;设置防波板可减小液体晃动程度,大幅降低流体冲击压力,最大可降低50%以上;设置防波板可降低由于液体晃动引起的应力增幅,其中3个薄弱位置最高可降低31.9%,52.8%和34.2%,有利于提高结构薄弱位置的使用寿命,并且在罐内均匀设置2块防波板时,对于降低罐体结构应力的效果最佳,是工程设计的优选形式。

A strategy for strengthening chaotic mixing of dual shaft eccentric mixers by changing non-Newtonian fluids kinetic energy distribution

Efficiently modulating the velocity distribution and flow pattern of non-Newtonian fluids is a critical challenge in the context of dual shaft eccentric mixers for process intensification,posing a significant barrier for the existing technologies.Accordingly,this work reports a convenient strategy that changes the kinetic energy to controllably regulate the flow patterns from radial flow to axial flow.Results showed that the desired velocity distribution and flow patterns could be effectively obtained by varying the number and structure of baffles to change kinetic energy,and a more uniform velocity distribution,which could not be reached normally in standard baffle dual shaft mixers,was easily obtained.Furthermore,a comparative analysis of velocity and shear rate distributions is employed to elucidate the mechanism behind the generation of flow patterns in various dual-shaft eccentric mixers.Importantly,there is little difference in the power number of the laminar flow at the same Reynolds number,meaning that the baffle type has no effect on the power consumption,while the power number of both unbaffle and U-shaped baffle mixing systems decreases compared with the standard baffle mixing system in the transition flow.Finally,at the same rotational condition,the dimensionless mixing time of the U-shaped baffle mixing system is 15.3%and 7.9%shorter than that of the standard baffle and the unbaffle mixing system,respectively,which shows the advantage of the U-shaped baffle in stirring rate.

微型扬声器总谐波失真测量的衍射效应

该文旨在消除衍射效应对微型扬声器总谐波失真测量的影响,根据扩展的Biot–Tolstoy–Medwin模型,研究了微型扬声器总谐波失真测量的衍射效应,重点分析了微型扬声器后腔封闭和后腔开放的两种不同条件下考虑微型扬声器后向衍射和不考虑后向衍射的两种情况。该文使用的是简单稳定的障板测试条件,由于衍射效应与障板尺寸和微型扬声器的安装位置有关,因此该文将微型扬声器安装在固定尺寸的障板上的固定位置。该文理论计算了不同测量距离下障板的衍射曲线,分析了对应情况下微型扬声器总谐波失真测量的衍射效应,并进行实验验证。实验结果与理论计算吻合良好,证明了该文计算方法的准确性。该文研究表明,微型扬声器总谐波失真测量的衍射效应受障板的影响较大,且测试距离越远,影响越大,扬声器后腔开放时的衍射效应比后腔封闭时的衍射效应更为明显。使用根据该文的方法计算出的衍射曲线,可以对微型扬声器测量得到的总谐波失真进行修正,消除障板测试条件下衍射效应的影响。