In-plane spin excitation of skyrmion bags

Skyrmion bags are spin structures with arbitrary topological charges, each of which is composed of a big skyrmion and several small skyrmions. In this work, by using an in-plane alternating current(AC) magnetic field, we investigate the spinwave modes of skyrmion bags, which behave differently from the clockwise(CW) rotation mode and the counterclockwise(CCW) rotation mode of skyrmions because of their complex spin topological structures. The in-plane excitation power spectral density shows that each skyrmion bag possesses four resonance frequencies. By further studying the spin dynamics of a skyrmion bag at each resonance frequency, the four spin-wave modes, i.e., a CCW-CW mode, two CW-breathing modes with different resonance strengths, and an inner CCW mode, appear as a composition mode of outer skyrmion–inner skyrmions. Our results are helpful in understanding the in-plane spin excitation of skyrmion bags, which may contribute to the characterization and detection of skyrmion bags, as well as the applications in logic devices.

Study of Durability of Siliceous Sand Based Mortars in Togo, and of Binder of Plastic Bags of the Kind “Voltic”: Hydrocarbons’ Effect

The present study aims at environmental protection through the use of plastic wastes in the production of mortar. The behavior of siliceous sand-based mortars from Togo and binders of plastic bags of the kind “voltic” is analyzed. Mortar samples from a mixture of siliceous sand and binder of plastic bags are prepared and subjected to physical and mechanical tests after immersion in the hydrocarbon from 0 hour to 504 hours. The result demonstrates that hydrocarbons have no influence on mechanical properties of mortars for an immersion time below 3 hours. Between 3 hours and 24 hours the presence of hydrocarbon increases their physical and mechanical properties. After 24 hours mortars generally lose the mechanical properties of around 8% to 24% due to the loss of viscosity and cohesiveness of the binder caused by the fuel. The behavior in the face of hydrocarbons shows that the material can be used in the surface of roads by carefully avoiding that hydrocarbons remain on the roads for a period of time beyond 24 hours.

The Microenvironment within and Pollen Transmission through Polyethylene Sorghum Pollination Bags

Bird damage is a problem in sorghum breeding and germplasm maintenance operations. Paper pollination bags are damaged by rain and provide minimal deterrent to birds. Earlier we reported upon bird resistance of spun polyethylene pollination bags. Herein, we report the potential for pollen transmission through, and the microenvironment within, hard form (HfT) and soft form (SfT) spun polyethylene pollination bags as compared to traditional Paper pollination bags. Within Paper pollination bags morning temperatures were 10°C - 15°C above ambient and high temperature excursions as high as 45°C were measured. Heating in Sft and HfT was 25% and 50% that of Paper, respectively. Temperature differences between bags were attributed to differences in albedo and air permeability of the bag materials. No difference in pollen transmission through Paper and HfT was found. Although SfT allowed 35% - 40% wind borne pollen through the pores as compared to controls, male sterile plants covered with SfT produced only 30 seeds/panicle, about 1% of a self-pollinating fertile plant. Our results suggested that SfT could adequately reduce or eliminate cross-pollination in self-pollinating plants while maintaining near ambient environmental conditions.

Research Note: Bird-Resistant Pollination Bags for Sorghum Breeding and Germplasm Maintenance

Bird damage is a problem in sorghum breeding and germplasm maintenance operations. Paper pollination bags are damaged by rain and provide only a minimal deterrent to birds. To overcome these limitations we fabricated pollination bags from spun polyethylene fiber sheeting. No seed yield difference was found between plants bagged with either spun polyethylene or paper. Seed loss by bird damage was nearly eliminated under the polyethylene bags. In areas where bird damage is problematic bird resistant pollination bags can allow for a reduction in the plot size required for breeding and germplasm maintenance operations, increase the productivity of such operations as genetic diversity per unit land area, and make direct measurement of seed yield possible in agronomic field experiments.

Cultural Practices for Propagation of Spatholobus suberectus via Cutting into Polybags

In this paper,the propagation of Spatholobus suberectus Dunn.was optimized based on the research results conducted in propagation for many years and the actual need for the planting materials.According to the requirements of Good Agricultural Practices for Chinese Medicinal Drugs,cultural practices for propagation of S.suberectus were summed up and standardized,including the environmental requirements,land preparation,bed preparation,cutting of scions,cuttings treatment,cutting,management of cuttings at the nursery,bagged cuttings ready for transplanting,packing and handling,transportation,and preparation of records for archives.

Households’ Willingness-to-Pay to Reduce the Use of Plastic Bags: Case Study in Viet Nam

This study used the Binary Logistic regression model to estimate the willingness to pay (WTP) to reduce the use of plastic bags in the daily life of people in the Linh Nam ward. This study notes that households with higher incomes and higher levels of education tend to be more willing to pay. In addition, those who do not have access to information about the harmful effects of plastic bags and receive a higher proposed price often refuse to pay.

Strive for the Modern Town with the Specialized Production of Boxes and Bags——Sidelights on Nantai Town Economy

Nantai town is located at the south of Liaoning Province, North is Anshan, Haichengis on the south, Shenda expressway, Hada highway and railway crisscross the town fromnorth to south. Nantai town covers an areas of 95 square Kgs with 23 administrativevillages, 4 sub-district offices, 1 economic development zone and there are 15 thousandfamilies and 54 thousand populations. Nantai town is a trial place for overall structuralreform in Liaoning Province and a center on larger-scale production, processing anddistributing of boxes and bags nationwide.

Eighteen Bagsful

I was packing a box of supplies for a family leaving ourguesthouse,when I hesitated:Tissue or no tissue?I tossed inour last four-pack,then took it out again.I stared at the soft,white rolls.Toilet paper was like gold in our home.

Plastic Ban Green Light Malawi’s five-year legal battle to ban plastic bags is finally over

Malawians used to carry their gro-ceries around in single-use plas-tic bags of less than 60 microns.But soon,an alternative plan will be in force.As of August this year,the Supreme Court of Appeal issued a ban on use of plastic bags countrywide,marking a victory for environmentalists.But the ban has come at quite a price,both cost-wise and time-wise.Since 2015,the Malawian Government has been trying to implement the ban,which was repeatedly blocked.

Say Your Eco-friendly Slogan in 2008!——Take Cotton Bags Home and Become an Environmentalist

Take your own cotton shopping bags on your next trip to the supermarket and avoid excessive use of plastic bags. This has become the latest environmentally-friendly trend in China. A decree issued on January 8, 2008 by the General Office of the State Council banning the production, sales and use of ultra thin plastic

THE SLOW FASHION OF TIBETAN HANDMADE BAGS

The sound of loom weaving comes out of a three-story building in the Lugu Alley off the Barkor Street.Drugyal’s wife Norbu Droma and her assistants are making traditional Tibetan bags.The black pulu shop sign stands out in the quiet alley.Step into the shop,you will see wool,calfskin and sheepskin bags hang neatly on the wall.The products on display on the counter are of the current style made for everyday life,while those traditional handmade bags in the

Travels of 3 plastic bags

You’ve bought what you need.The grocery cashier asks,"Will that be paper or plastic?You reply"Plastic,please."This seems like a simple question and there are plenty of reasons we choose plastic:easier to carry,lighter than paper bags,possibly less damaging to the environment,less expensive to the shop owners,able to be used as trash bag。

Effects of different color paper bags on aroma development of Kyoho grape berries

This study investigated the influence of red,green,blue,and white paper bags on the free volatile compound development of Kyoho grape berries from green to harvest.Seven functional groups of volatiles were identified during the development of Kyoho grape berries including esters,aldehydes,alcohols,terpenes,ketones,acids,and hydrocarbons.Esters and aldehydes were abundant in Kyoho grape berries,mainly represented by ethyl acetate,ethyl butyrate,and(E)-2-hexenal.They accumulated quickly after veraison and slightly decreased toward maturation.Red,green,blue,and white paper bags promoted the accumulation of esters and inhibited the accumulation of aldehydes,also inhibited the accumulation of alcohols,tepenes,ketones,and acids.Their effect from strong to weak was green,blue,red,and white paper bags.The expression profiles of genes in the lipoxygenase-hydroperoxide lyase(LOX-HPL) pathway were also analyzed and the results indicated that the regulation of red,green,blue,and white paper bags on aldehydes,alcohols,and esters volatile aromas was at transcriptional level.The results expanded our comprehension in grape aroma biosynthesis and berry bagging technique in table grape cultivation.

EffectS of sequence of nylon bags rumen incubation on kinetics of degradation in some commonly used feedstuffs in dairy rations

Nowadays, most available information on the degradative behaviour of feeds in ruminants is based on in situ incubation in the rumen, and it is adopted by many feed evaluation systems currently in use for ruminants. However, the outcome of.this technique might be affected by many factors such as sequence of nylon bags incubation in the rumen. The objective of current study was to investigate effects of sequence of nylon bag incubation on degradative behavior of dry matter （DM）, crude protein （CP）, neutral detergent fiber （NDF） and acid detergent fiber （ADF） in some feed ingredients commonly used in dairy rations, including alfalfa haylage, corn silage, corn grain and soybean meal. Four multiparous Holstein lactating cows fitted with permanent ruminal cannulas were used. The nylon bags containing feed samples either were placed in the rumen at once and removed at designated time intervals （all in-gradually out method; AG） or were placed in the rumen at designated time points and retrieved at once （gradually in-all out method; GA）. Fractional rate of degradation of potentially degradable fraction, lag time and effective rumen degradability （ED） of DM and CP were significantly higher in the AG compared to the GA method （P〈0.05）. Fractional rates of DM and CP degradation was higher in alfalfa haylage samples incubated in the rumen using the AG method compared to that using the GA method （0.138 h-1 vs. 0.073 h-1 and 0.002 h-1 vs. 0.1125 h-1, for DM and CP, respectively; P〈0.05）. Due to a higher fractional rate of degradation （Kd） of DM and CP, the ED of DM and CP at different fractional passage rates were higher in the AG than those in the GA method （P〈0.05）. Potentially degradable fraction and lag time of NDF were higher in the AG method compared to the GA method （P〈0.05）. Placing all bags in the rumen at once and removing them at designated time intervals compared with introduction of bags in reverse sequence and removing them all at once led to a lower undegradable fraction （U） of NDF in alfalfa （1.8% vs. 4.0%, respectively; P〈0.05） and corn silage （3.3% vs. 6.7%, respectively; P〈0.05） samples. Potentially degradable fraction of ADF was significantly higher in the AG method compared with the GA method （P〈0.05）. Bag incubation sequence had profound effects on kinetics of degradation of DM, CP and NDF in situ in the feed samples studied. The effects were more evident in the forages （especially alfalfa haylage） than in the concentrate ingredientsnamely corn grain and soybean meal..This experiment is the first time to investigate effects of two methods under the same experiment conditions, providing basic data for the determination of ED.

Packaging Bags of Peanuts with Function of Prevention of Aflatoxin B_1

Packaging bags composited with barrier film and moisture absorbent nonwoven fabrics were prepared in order to design a kind of functional bag which could prevent the contamination of aflatoxin B1of peanuts. The internal relative humidity( RH) of packaging bags with peanuts was monitored. The influences of the superabsorbent fiber( SAF) and jute fiber were investigated and the mechanism was analyzed.

Analysis of Heavy Metal Lead and Chromium Elements in Food Packaging Bags

[Objectives]This study was conducted to detect the contents of heavy metal lead and chromium in food packaging bags.[Methods]The contents of heavy metal lead and chromium in food packaging bags were determined by microwave digestion-flame atomic absorption spectrophotometer.With concentrated nitric acid and 30%hydrogen peroxide solution as the digestion system,food packaging bags of different materials,plastic packaging bags and paper packaging bags,were ultrasonically digested and then determined for the contents of heavy metal lead and chromium by flame atomic absorption spectrophotometry.[Results]The determination results showed that the linear correlation coefficient of lead was 0.9967,and the linear correlation coefficient of chromium was 0.9977.The method has the characteristics of simplicity,high analysis speed and high sensitivity.[Conclusions]This study provides a theoretical basis for the safety of food packaging bags.

Packaging Bags with the Function of Micro-environment Modification

Three kinds of packaging bags composited with barrier film and moisture absorbents were designed in order to find out how to create an internal micro-environment with low O2content and relative humidity( RH). Peanuts with different moisture contents were filled into packaging bags and stored in an environmental chamber for a certain period of time. An RH recorder was sealed in each bag and the RH inside the bag was recorded. The moisture contents of peanuts before and after storage were measured as well.It is found that peanuts with moisture content of 13% can reduce O2content inside the bag by the aerobic respiration,achieving the self modified atmosphere packaging( MAP) effect. A microenvironment with lower RH can be created by using super-absorbent fiber( SAF) or mineral bag as the moisture absorbent. The moisture contents of peanuts stored in the bags with SAF and mineral bag as moisture absorbent decreased from 13% to 10. 5%and 11. 3%,respectively. SAF is a promising material of packaging bags composited with barrier film,in which a low RH and high CO2content can be created.