Diversity Analysis of Chlorophyll, Flavonoid, Anthocyanin, and Nitrogen Balance Index of Tea Based on Dualex

The chemical compositions of tea(Camellia sinensis)are affected by numerous factors,such as cultivar,climate,leaf position,and cultivation pattern.However,under the same conditions,the chemical compositions are mainly determined by varieties.Therefore,we investigated the genetic diversity of chemical compositions of tea tree resources in China to screen excellent germplasm resources.Three chemical compositions index(including chlorophyll index,flavonoid index,and anthocyanin index)and the nitrogen balance index of tea leaves were measured in 102 tea germplasms planted in Chinese Tea Plants Improved Variety Germplasm Resources Nursery(CTPIVGRN)by Dualex on April 152019.Results showed that the chlorophyll,flavonoid,and anthocyanin contents and the nitrogen balance index significantly differed between the 102 tea germplasms.The genetic diversity index values were 2.005,2.246,1.599,and 1.838,and the average genetic diversity was 1.922.The 102 tea germplasms can be divided into four categories by cluster analysis under the genetic distance threshold of 11.These results suggest that the genetic diversity of tea germplasm resources in China is rich.This study’s results can serve as a basis for the diversified development and utilization of tea plant.

On Balance Index Set for the General Butterfly Graph

In this paper, we introduce the concept of the general butterfly graph B[m,n;d] for integers m,n ≥ 3, d ≥ 1, determine its balance index set, and give the necessary and sufficient condition for balanced graph B[m,n;d] to exist.

On the Uniformly Balancedness of Graphs

In this paper,the definition of absolutely balanced and uniformly balanced for graphs are introduced,the difference between balance graphs are pointed out.Using（p,p＋1）-graph as an example,we explained the existence of this difference and obtained some new results.

Ecological Assessment of Oxygen Balance:A Case Study of China’s Natural Oxygen Bars

Ecological assessment plays a vital role in sustainable development of the environment,and thus exploration of specific and integrated ecological assessment methods has become a critical task.In this study,based on the concept of oxygen balance and by accommodating both natural factors and socioeconomic elements,we establish an oxygen(O_(2))balance index(OBI),i.e.,the ratio of the O_(2)production from the ecosystem to the O_(2)consumption by human behavior,based on the net primary productivity(NPP),fuel consumption,gross domestic production(GDP),population data,and so on.The results show that the spatial distributions of OBI in China are intimately correlated to the regional vegetation and socioeconomic development.The estimated OBI values are then validated by statistical data from 27 counties in China,and it is found that the OBI reflects the ecological environment status well.Moreover,the average OBI values derived from 190 natural oxygen bars in China reveal extreme imbalance between O_(2)production and consumption in highly developed regions,especially in the cities,in contrast to good O_(2)balance in areas with high-quality ecological status and less industrialization.The findings from this study have quantitatively captured the regional ecological quality,providing guidance for sustainable natural and socioeconomic developments in local areas of China.

A novel power system reconfiguration for a distribution system with minimum load balancing index using bacterial foraging optimization algorithm

In this paper, the objective of minimum load balancing index （LBI） for the 16-bus distribution system is achieved using bacterial foraging optimization algorithm （BFOA）. The feeder reconfiguration problem is formulated as a non-linear optimization problem and the optimal solution is obtained using BFOA. With the proposed reconfiguration method, the radial structure of the distribution system is retained and the burden on the optimization technique is reduced. Test results are presented for the 16-bus sample network, the proposed reconfiguration method has effectively decreased the LBI, and the BFOA technique is efficient in searching for the optimal solution.

Balanced education development:Theory,target and measuring methods

Educational balance refers to the ideal that educational organizations and people who receive education enjoy equal treatment in educational activities under the thought of fair education and principle of educational equity,and the educational policy as well as legal system that guarantee its actual operations.The essence of balanced education development is to pursue educational equity and realize fair education.In terms of macroanalysis,it is the balance of educational supply and demand.In terms of mesoanalysis,it is the balance of educational resource disposition.In terms of microanalysis,it is the balance of school teaching processes,including the balance of the internal curriculum teaching resource disposition,and the balance of educational results as well as educational evaluation.Balanced education development is a historical category,which can be divided into four stages according to its achievement level.It is of great actual significance to establish the balancing index of fundamental educational development,especially the compulsory educational development,which is suitable for our national conditions and realities,to scientifically select the elements and to clarify the target of fundamental balanced education development.The data analysis indicates that the balancing index of our fundamental education in China is approaching this balance.