Optimization of ice cuttings transportation by cable-suspended core auger drills

Ice cores contain an abundance of information about the Earth＇s climate in the past, and recovered from shallow drilling down to 300-350 m give sufficient information for reconstructing of the last climatic changes and for monitoring of pollution from human being. Cable-suspended core auger drills use an armored cable with a winch to provide power to the down-hole motor system and to retrieve the down-hole unit. Because of their lightweight, convenient transportation and installation, high penetration rates and low power consumption, core auger drills are widely used for shallow drilling in ice. Nowadays at least 14 types of auger electromechani- cal drills were designed and tested in different foreign and national glaciological laboratories. However, auger options were usually determined by experience, and the main parameters （ helix angle of the fights and rotational speed） are varied in a wide range from drill to drill. If parameters of auger are not chosen properly, poorly en- gineered drills had troubles with low efficiency of cuttings transportation, jam of ice cuttings, repeated fragmen- tation, cutters icing and stop penetration, abnormal power consumption, high rotation torques, and so on. Thus, this paper presents the method of optimization of iee cuttings transportation of cable-suspended core auger drill on the base of the theory of rotary auger. As the result, the optimal helix angle was determined correspond- ing to the rotational speed from the transportation efficiency point of view.

Hole cleaning evaluation and installation spacing optimization of cuttings bed remover in extended-reach drilling

In extended-reach or long-horizontal drilling,cuttings usually deposit at the bottom of the annulus.Once cuttings accumulate to a certain thickness,complex problems such as excessive torque and drag,tubing buckling,and pipe stuck probably occur,which results in a lot of non-productive time and remedial operations.Cuttings bed remover can efficiently destroy deposited cuttings in time through hydraulic and mechanical stirring effects.This paper aims to build a method for hole cleaning evaluation and installation spacing optimization of cuttings bed remover to improve the wellbore cleaning effect.Firstly,a Computational Fluid Dynamics approach with Eulerian—Eulerian multiphase model was utilized to investigate the mechanism of cuttings transportation,and a new type of cuttings bed remover was designed.Next,an evaluation method of hole cleaning effect of remover was established.After that,the effects of several drilling parameters on hole cleaning including flow rate of drilling fluid,rotational speed of drillpipe,rate of penetration,wellbore size,rheological property of drilling fluid,and remover eccentricity on the performance of cuttings bed remover were investigated.The results demonstrate that the new type of remover with streamline blade performs better than conventional removers.The efficiency of hole cleaning is greatly improved by increasing the rotational speed of drillpipe,flow rate of drilling fluid,remover eccentricity,and 6 rpm Fann dial reading for drilling fluid.While higher rate of penetration and large wellbore size result in worse hole cleaning.These findings can serve as an important guide for the structure optimization design of cuttings bed remover and installation spacing of removers.

Experimental Study Optimizing Hole Cleaning-Cuttings Transport in Oil Drilling Engineering

With a clear understanding of the drilling fluid techniques and the cutting taking mechanism, a new advanced model is set up for analyzing field data and quantitative forecast of cutting taking mechanism. Therefore, a number of values affecting the drilling rate and the hole cleaning are studied over a wide range of parameters. Drilling data obtained under high borehole pressure conditions are analyzed to determine the causes of the reduction in rate of penetration (ROP) as the borehole pressure increases, which in some cases is caused by the buildup of rock debris under the bit. The theoretical achievement and testing conclusions can be very instructional for horizontal well drilling. Much higher annular velocities are required for effective hole cleaning in directional wells than in vertical wells. High viscosity muds are observed to provide better transport than low viscosity muds.

A High-Mathematical Model Optimizing Cuttings Transport in Oil Drilling Engineering

With special drilling operation equipment and specific conditions of geology, how does drilling fluid carry cuttings effectively? So far, it is still an urgent problem for drilling researchers to study. This work just aims at the actual engineering background to develop studying model. In this paper, according to non Newtonian fluid mechanics, the law of the solid liquid, two phase fluid flow and actual drilling engineering, the major factors affecting cuttings transport are drilling fluid velocity, hole inclination and fluid rheological properties. Getting a clear understanding of the law of drilling fluid and its cutting taking mechanism, this paper puts forward a model for analysis of field data and quantitative forecast of cutting taking capability of drilling fluid. The full scale annular test section was 6.1 m with 76 and 114 mm drillpipe in a 203 mm ID (wellbore diameter). Hole angle varied from 0° to 90°.

Cuttings transport: Back reaming analysis based on a coupled layering-sliding mesh method via CFD

Inadequate hole cleaning is one of the main reasons for inefficient operations in extended-reach drilling.The mechanism of cuttings transport under the back reaming operation,which is frequently adopted to remove the cuttings,has been investigated in this study.To this end,a coupled layering-sliding mesh method with the Eulerian-Granular approach has been established innovatively.The dynamic layering method has been employed to simulate the axial motion of the pipe,whereas the sliding mesh method has been used to simulate the pipe rotation.The back reaming operation of a connector-furnished pipe has been simulated,and the sensitive parameter analysis has been conducted.The results thus obtained demonstrate that the increase in the initial bed height,inclination,and the diameter and length of the connector causes a significant increase in the cuttings concentration.In addition,the cuttings concentration is observed to decrease significantly with the pipe rotation speed.Furthermore,two main factors contribute towards the cuttings accumulation around the connector,namely,the difference in the cross-sectional area and the pushing effect of the connector—like a“bulldozer”.The“bulldozer”effect of the connector dominates when the tripping velocity is significant compared to the velocity of the cuttings.Conversely,the effect of the difference in the cross-sectional area becomes the leading factor for cuttings accumulation.The“bulldozer”effect of the connector causes a more severe impact on hole cleaning.In both cases,increasing the tripping velocity only mildly affects the cuttings concentration.It is therefore suggested that the tripping velocity should be slower than that of the sand during the back reaming operation.Furthermore,increased fluid velocity might lead to a higher accumulated cuttings concentration around the connector when the cuttings bed has not entirely passed through the connector.A significant flow rate can be safely applied after the cuttings have passed through the connector furnished with a large diameter,such as the bottom hole assembly.This exploration serves as an essential guide to predicting and controlling tight spots while back reaming.

Method for predicting cuttings transport using artificial neural networks in foam drilling

Foam is used widely in underbalanced drilling for oil and gas exploration to improve well perfor-mance.Accurate prediction of the cutting transport and pressure loss in the foam drilling is an important way to prevent stuck pipe,lost circulation and to increase the rate of penetration(ROP).In foam drilling,the cuttings transport quality may be defined in terms of cuttings consistency and downhole pressure loss,which are controlled by many factors.Therefore,it is very difficult to establish the mathematical equation that reflects nonlinear relationship among various factors.The field and experimental measurements of these parameters are time consuming and costly.In this study,the authors suggest a cuttings transport mathematical modeling using BPN(back propagation network),RBFN(radial basis function network)and GRNN(general regression neural network)based on various experiment data of cuttings transport of previous researchers and compared the result with experiment data.Results of this study show that the GRNN has a correlation coefficient of 0.99962 and an average error of 0.15 in training datasets,and a correlation coefficient of 0.99881 and an average error of 0.612 in testing datasets,which has higher accuracy and faster training velocity than the BP network or RBFN network.GRNN can be used in many mathematical problems for accurate estimation of cuttings consistency and downhole pressure loss instead of field and experimental measurements for hydraulic design in foam drilling operation.

The Extraction Method of Cutting Engagement in Ball-end Milling Simulation

Ball-end mill is widely used in workpiece processi ng with free-form surfaces. Such models that can predict processing character istics precisely are very necessary to the aim of cost reducing, quality improvi ng and productivity progressing, the cutting force prediction is the most import ant among these models. To explore the physical essence of metal cutting, model researchers commonly simplify the geometric conditions in cutting process, and a ssume that the geometric parameters that are needed to solve the physical models have already been predefined, so it results in the separation between model res earch and practical application. In this paper, for the representative cutting f orce models of ball end milling, a new extraction method of geometric parameters is suggested, which makes it possible for physical model to actually serve for the practical manufacturing, and take in the inspection of real production.

烟台港龙口港区27^(#)~29^(#)通用泊位疏浚工程绞吸船施工工艺优化

烟台港龙口港区27^(#)~29^(#)通用泊位疏浚工程土质主要为起球的黏性土,混有少量粗砂,绞吸船在施工时受黏土起球及黏性等影响,容易出现堵管、绞刀糊堵、输送困难等情况,施工作业关键参数波动幅度较大,作业人员操作控制难度高,平均生产效率低。重点围绕绞吸船的挖掘和输送分析,确定关键施工参数,优化施工工艺,指导作业人员施工。优化后的施工工艺使烟台港龙口港区27^(#)~29^(#)通用泊位疏浚工程绞吸船施工产能提高20%以上,节约了施工成本。

球磨纳米生物质炭在饱和多孔介质中的迁移与滞留机制

利用球磨纳米生物质炭模拟老化产生的纳米生物质炭,通过一维柱迁移试验研究了不同背景溶液离子强度(IS)、pH和流速对球磨纳米生物质炭在饱和多孔石英砂介质中迁移与滞留行为的影响,并运用对流弥散模型拟合穿透与滞留曲线得到沉积速率系数等运移参数,结合DLVO理论研究影响作用机制。结果表明:背景溶液IS降低,pH和流速升高,球磨纳米生物质炭的迁移率明显提高。这是由于在低IS和高pH条件下,球磨纳米生物质炭和石英砂的电负性增加,从而增强了两者之间的静电斥力,同时球磨纳米生物质炭之间具有更好的分散性,有助于球磨纳米生物质炭的迁移;在高流速条件下,球磨纳米生物质炭在石英砂柱中的滞留时间因为平流扩散而减短,同时水流剪切作用力增大不利于颗粒在石英砂上的吸附,有助于球磨纳米生物质炭的迁移。

轮式动态模拟仪在高含水期原油不加热集输中的应用

随着不断深入开发,油田集油管线内产液的流变性逐渐转变为高含水期“水包油”为主的流态,因而管道内的流动条件得以改善。通过前期开展的季节性停掺冷输试验证实,高含水期集输进站温度可以接近凝固点甚至低于凝固点。因此提出利用临界粘壁温度作为采油井不加热集输边界条件,并利用轮式动态模拟分析仪测试单井临界粘壁温度,指导采油井平稳集输,应用后实现措施节气219.6×10^(4)m^(3),节电73.4×10^(4)kWh。

高速线切割机床上丝辅助装置设计

现有高速线切割机床的上丝装置在上丝过程中易发生断丝与张紧力不均衡现象,降低了机床切削稳定性和工件加工质量。通过分析现有装置的结构,提出增加推力球轴承,以防止锁紧螺母跟转而导致储丝盘卡顿引起断丝;根据丝线的拉力计算出弹簧压缩量及其他相关参数。经I-DEAS软件建模、装配、仿真表明,该装置可以满足生产要求。

多分支水平井岩屑运移模型与实验研究

随着多分支水平井及复杂结构井钻井技术的不断发展,井眼清洁技术面临着新的困难和挑战。如何解决复杂地质条件与复杂井型条件下的岩屑床问题,对于判断与处理井下复杂情况是当前钻井工程面临的重要科学问题之一。通过岩屑颗粒受力分析建立了岩屑运移环空临界流速模型;基于室内可视化岩屑运移实验,探究了岩屑运移影响规律。结果表明:井斜角为36°时岩屑临界启动速度最大,携岩最为困难;模型预测结果与实验结果吻合度较好,且基于实例井的预测结果与现场作业情况一致,验证了所建模型的可靠性。该研究可为大位移大井斜井及水平井井眼清洁提供理论依据和技术支持。

特高含水期原油低温集输温度边界确定方法

随着国内油田逐渐进入开采后期,本文提出黏壁温度作为综合含水率70%~90%的高含水低温集油的评价指标已进入推广阶段且效果显著,但在现场降温试验中发现含水率90%以上的特高含水期原油管线实际运行温度与黏壁温度预测结果之间存在一定误差。因此,针对特高含水期原油开展低温集输温度边界条件研究,对完善油田低温集输技术具有重要意义。利用环道实验装置进行了特高含水期原油黏壁凝油冲刷实验,对特高含水期原油油水两相流动特性和油相黏壁特性进行分析,确定了屈服应力是阻碍黏壁凝油在管道内被冲刷剥离最主要的影响因素。编制了特高含水期原油低温集油温度预测软件,利用油田单井集油管线的现场降温试验进行了验证,误差在2℃范围内,满足工程运用需求。

商标纸纸堆外包裹牛皮纸裁切装置设计

为提高烟支包装效率、减少裁切环节用工人数,设计了一种商标纸纸堆外包裹牛皮纸裁切及去除装置解决牛皮纸定位裁切、松散商标纸阶梯式运输和光滑牛皮纸回收三大技术难点,采用Creo三维制图软件对各部件进行结构设计,通过样机试验验证机构裁切牛皮纸的有效性。试验结果表明,设计的牛皮纸裁切装置能够实现商标纸纸堆外包裹牛皮纸的定位裁切、回收及无包裹商标纸纸堆阶梯式转移,提高了烟支包装供料和牛皮纸裁切的自动化程度及生产质量和效率,为烟支包装的无人化作业提供了可能,具有较好的可行性和适用性。

兼顾排屑与降载作用的叶轮拐角单笔清根刀具

清根加工作为叶轮拐角区域残余材料的补加工工艺,在整体叶轮数控加工中占据十分重要的地位。盖盘叶轮清根加工具有推刀进给、拐角曲面曲率大、切削余量大、空间几何受限等特点。而传统球头铣刀刀尖点切削性能不足,应用于盖盘叶轮清根加工会导致切削载荷大和切屑挤压,造成刀具过早失效、加工表面质量差等问题。本文针对盖盘叶轮清根加工的特点和难点,提出一种面向不同拐角尺寸的具有削顶结构以及大容屑槽结构的刀具,并推导了切削刃的表达式。对传统球头铣刀和新式削顶铣刀进行仿真与实验,结果表明,新式削顶铣刀较传统球头铣刀切削力降载高达77.6%,切削过程更平稳可靠,加工质量更高。

海上水基钻屑高效密闭输送技术

为解决海上水基钻屑回收过程中输送效率低、环保风险高等问题,在分析水基钻屑特性及输送难点的基础上,研究了适用于海上水基钻屑输送的高效密闭输送技术,分析了钻屑输送过程中的摩阻,进行了降阻和防堵清管技术研究。模型计算结果与现场试验表明,水基钻屑密闭输送宜采用液压输送方式,结合输送管道设计和增压混合器,有效降阻提速,当泵送速度设置为30%~100%时,输送量7.5~25.7 m^(3)/h,泵送压力1.4~2.8 MPa。研究结果表明,海上水基钻屑密闭输送技术解决了水基钻屑高效、密闭、远距离输送的难题,能够满足海上钻井作业的需要,具有较好的推广应用价值。

高含水原油在不同管材中的低温集输特性研究

目前,我国大部分油田已进入高含水期,采出液的流动特性发生变化,使降低集输温度成为可能。然而,关于管道材质对低温集输特性影响的研究相对较少。因此,利用现场实验装置对钢管与玻璃钢管中高含水原油低温集输特性进行了研究。结果表明,管线降低掺水量之后,井口回压上升,实验管道末点的油温缓慢下降;不同掺水量下井口回压上升过程不同,高掺水量下更容易实现低温集输;当掺水量相同时,玻璃钢管的黏壁温度低于钢管的黏壁温度,玻璃钢管低温集输的最低掺水量低于相同情况下钢管的掺水量。对黏壁温度实验数据进行拟合,得到了不同管材的黏壁温度计算模型,计算结果准确度较高,对高含水期油田实际生产中低温集输的可行性判断及其安全运行管理具有指导意义。

大位移井井筒岩屑运移状态研究现状与展望

井眼清洁不充分是造成60%以上大位移井井下故障的主要原因。自上世纪70年代以来,学者们一直致力于大位移井井筒岩屑运移实验研究和岩屑运移理论研究,以期为准确预测和诊断大位移井全井井眼清洁状态提供可靠的实验数据和理论技术。文章全面回顾并深入分析了国内外岩屑运移实验,包括实验装置、目的、方法和基于实验数据获得的井眼清洁状态。其中,对岩屑运移的理论研究分统计回归模型、颗粒起动力学模型和分层模型等3种类别;认为筹建具备环空堆积岩屑质量准确测量和截面环空岩屑浓度可视化测量功能的311 mm大尺寸岩屑运移实验环路是未来岩屑运移实验研究的重要发展方向;此外,挖掘海量实验数据,建立基于大数据的人工神经网络井眼清洁状态预测方法,可更准确地映射工程因素与井眼清洁状态间的复杂非线性关系,有望取得较传统理论模型更加准确可靠的预测结果。

水下油管挂送入管柱系统液控球阀技术研究

水下油管挂送入管柱系统为完井作业期间的主要井控安全屏障,在出现井下安全风险时可通过控制液控球阀实现水下管柱的应急关断,也可实现剪断连续油管、电缆和钢丝等柔性措施管串后实现紧急关断,提高井控反应的时间。球阀本体总成的设计与加工制造工艺是实现液控球阀剪断柔性措施管串后密封的关键技术。针对球阀本体总成的设计结构、选材和表面措施处理的工艺,阐述液控球阀实现剪切后密封关键技术,提供了一种可行的球阀总成结构及其制造工艺方案。研究成果对水下油管挂送入管柱技术国产化研究和现场应用具有指导意义。

海上油田钻屑远距离传输摩阻计算研究

在缺少现场数据验证的情况下,对已开发的钻屑远距离传输技术在现场应用过程中发现的能耗较高、部分工况易发生堵塞等问题,针对摩阻开展浆体摩阻理论计算、OLGA软件计算、FLUENT单相流及多相流计算、混凝土摩阻计算、流变原理计算等5种计算并对不同计算结果进行对比分析,结果发现,浆体摩阻理论计算法与流变原理计算法的计算结果接近且数值最大;FLUENT单相流和多相流的计算结果接近且数值偏小;混凝土摩阻计算法在25℃时计算结果居中,OLGA软件计算在20℃及30℃时计算结果居中,该结论为钻屑远距离传输提供了理论支持与技术参考。