Inhibition of Propionibacterium acnes by refined bamboo vinegar and preparation of the slow-release system with bamboo charcoal as the carrier

Background:Acne vulgaris is one of the most common skin diseases that can significantly impact a considerable proportion of individuals over their lifetime.Objective:This study focuses on the exploration of the application potential of bamboo vinegar in cosmetics.Materials and Methods:The stock solution of bamboo vinegar is subjected to reduced-pressure distillation at different temperatures to obtain refined bamboo vinegar.Then,inhibition of Propionibacterium acnes(P.acnes)by refined bamboo vinegar is observed.Moreover,the refined bamboo vinegar is adsorbed and released with activated bamboo charcoal as the carrier.In all,this study aims to probe into the mechanism of the controlledrelease system of bamboo vinegar.Results:The results shows that the harmful substances(tar)in bamboo vinegar distilled at 70℃decreased by 94.44%,which is a more notable decrease compared with that in the stock solution.The total organic acid content in bamboo vinegar after reduced-pressure distillation is 11.840%,reaching the national standard for refined bamboo vinegar(GB/T 31734–2015).Additionally,the minimum inhibitory concentration of refined bamboo vinegar against P.acnes using the punch method is 7.90 mg/mL.This indicates that refined bamboo vinegar has the potential as a prospective raw material for formulations in anti-acne cosmetic products.Furthermore,the release rate of bamboo charcoal/bamboo vinegar in water for 15 min reaches 70.57%,which then slows down to a plateau.The slow-release behavior is agreed with the Ritger-Peppas model and is beneficial to relieve the irritation of bamboo vinegar to the skin and lengthen its bacteriostatic duration.Conclusion:The foregoing conclusions can serve as the theoretical foundation for the application of bamboo vinegar in anti-acne cosmetics.

Impacts of dietary supplementation of bamboo vinegar and charcoal powder on growth performance,intestinal morphology,and gut microflora of large-scale loach Paramisgurnus dabryanus

Although accumulating data demonstrate that dietary supplementation of bamboo vinegar and charcoal powder(BVC)can significantly strengthen the immunity and boost the growth of domestic animals,its application potency still awaits verification in commercial fish species such as the large-scale loach Paramisgurnus dabryanus.The impacts of 90-day dietary supplementation of 1%and 2%BVC on survival and growth performance of the loach,and on the intestinal morphological characteristics and gut microflora were analyzed.Our data show that the large-scale loach supplied with BVC at the experimental doses had significant higher survival rates and better growth performance(indicated by greater weight gain(1.13–1.14 times),higher specific growth rate(1.04 times),and lower feed conversion ratio(0.88–0.89 times))compared to that of the control(P<0.05).Histological examination revealed significant longer villus(3.22–5.54 times),deeper crypt(1.77–1.87 times),and thicker muscle(1.59–3.17 times)in the intestines of large-scale loach fed with BVC(P<0.05).Furthermore,we found that the gut microflora consisted of significantly fewer proportions of potential pathogenic bacterial species(Aeromonas veronii and Escherichia coli),but significantly greater proportions of beneficial microbes(Lactococus raffinolactis and Faecalibacterium prausnitzii).Therefore,dietary intake of BVC can promote intestinal tract development and optimize gut microflora,by which the survival and growth of large-scale loach may be improved.

Properties of Bamboo Charcoal and Cement-based Composite Materials and Their Microstructure

The objective of this work was to study the properties of bamboo charcoal and cement-based composite materials and their microstructure. The pastes with various bamboo charcoals were prepared and the relative properties such as setting times and strength were tested and the microstructures and pore characteristics of pastes with various bamboos were also studied. The experimental results indicated that bamboo charcoal affects the setting times of cement paste, but the introduction of water reducer relieves this condition. Bamboo charcoal also poses an impact on the hardened paste strength. The prominent strength decrease is found when more and larger size bamboo charcoal is mixed into the cement paste. Bamboo charcoal alters the paste microstructure and increases the porosity and pore volume, but it increases the pores with the diameter of less than 50 μm. The pastes with various bamboo charcoals are given with the good functions such as adjusting humidity and adsorption.

Effect of bamboo charcoal filler on the performance of microbial fuel cell

微生物燃料电池（MFC）的阳极对提高MFC产电性能有至关重要的影响.利用竹炭比表面积大、吸附能力强等特性,将其作为“三合一”膜电极MFC的阳极填充材料,通过增大阳极比表面积来提高其产电能力.实验结果表明,加入竹炭至阳极室后,MFC最高输出电压（外接电阻1 000Ω时）由0.280V增大到0.387V,提高了38.2％,并且输出电压更加稳定;而最大功率密度也由原来的0.22 W/m3增大到1.42 W/m3,同时内阻降低了80.85％（由235 Ω降为45 Ω）;库仑效率由15.0％增大到25.6％.说明MF℃阳极室填充竹炭可以显著促进MFC的产电性能.

Effects of bamboo charcoal-based bio-fertilizer on wine bamboo sap yield and nutrient composition

To explore fertilization methods for wine bamboo cultivation in southwestern semi-arid areas of China, this study analyzed annual changes in sap yield and nutrient composition from May 2013 to March 2015 by using bamboo charcoal-based bio-fertilizer （ZT） and organic fertilizer treatments （CK）. The study also provided basic data for functional beverage preparation and for application of ZT. The results of the two experimental cycles revealed that under the ZT treatment, sap was available for collection from May, the beginning of the rainy season, to November, the beginning of the dry season. The period of abundance was July to October with the highest yield of sap of 3.18 L stalk-1 in September, 2014, still lower than the moso bamboo sap, which was likely due to the scale of sap production of monopodial bamboos being different from that of sympodial bamboos. In January, trace amounts of sap were still detected, suggesting that the effect of the treatment was significant. Moreover,in the dry season, soil water content and soil temperatures at 10-15 cm depths indicated that the fertilizer had the ability to maintain soil temperatures and moisture. In both fertilizer treatments, the correlation between the collected sap and environmental parameters was significant. In the ZT treatment for the entire 2 years, the effectual environ- mental factors were soil water at 10-15 cm, air tempera- tures, and wind speeds. The same determining factors were observed for the rainy season. In the CK treatments, the effectual environmental factors for the entire year and the rainy season were soil water at 0-5 cm and air moisture. The bamboo charcoal-based bio-fertilizer elevated the potassium, calcium, iron, manganese, copper, and total phosphorus content, simultaneously increasing the sap yield, protein and reducing sugar contents, and with a relative increase in sap pH. The wine bamboo sap con- tained 18 amino acids. Glutamic acid, alanine and proline were the most abundant. Compared to the controls, the treatment showed higher levels of all amino acids. Thus, the ZT treatment could be more beneficial to the development of root systems because the function of heat preservation and moisture retention prolong the sap collection period, increase sap yields, and elevate mineral element, conventional nutrients, and amino acid contents with evident fertilization effects and broader application prospects.

Wearability of Copper Ion Complex Bamboo Pulp Knitted Fabrics with Chitosan Pretreatment

Wearability is one of important factors for the textile product quality. The wearability of bamboo pulp knitted fabrics was mainly discussed which were treated with chitosan and cupper ammonia solution. Tensile and bursting properties, abrasion resistance,drapability,air permeability,moisture-penetrability and warmth retention properties of fabrics were tested to investigate the changes. The results showed that chitosan pretreatment improved the tensile and bursting strengths,abrasion resistance and moisture penetrability,but decreased the drapability and air permeability.Copper ammonia solution treatments decreased the tensile and bursting strengths,abrasion resistance and air permeability,but increased the drapability, moisture penetrability and warmth retention properties.

Analysis and characterization of microstructures of a TiO_2/bamboo charcoal composite and modified poplar veneer

A type of TiO/bamboo charcoal composite made by a dip-dry method was loaded onto wood veneer with a vacuum- pressure method in order to prepare modified poplar veneer. The pore structure parameters and surface morphology of the TiO2/ bamboo charcoal composite were determined and analyzed by means of a porosimetry analyzer and SEM. The results show that the surface morphology of the composite does not change after being loaded with nano TiO2. However, its specific surface area （359.814 m^2·g^-1）, pore volume （0.317 cm^3.g^-1） and average pore diameter （3.526 nm） increased; particularly the cumulative volume of pores was increased by 65.83%. In addition, the distribution range of the pores was wider than that of the bamboo charcoal. Combining the SEM of unmodified and modified poplar veneer, the results of X-ray photoelectron spectroscopy revealed that actually some TiOz compounds, i.e., 4.08%, are imbedded in the modified poplar veneer.

Dietary intake of bamboo vinegar and charcoal powder(BVC)enhances resistance of African catfi sh Clarias gariepinus to bacterial pathogen

Although the immunomodulatory activity of bamboo vinegar and charcoal powder(BVC)has been increasingly documented in domestic animals,the use of BVC as immunostimulant in fi sh aquaculture awaits verifi cation.In the present study,the immunostimulatory impacts of dietary BVC intake were investigated in an important aquaculture fi sh species,the African catfi sh Clarias gariepinus.Results show that the pathogen resistance of African catfi sh was signifi cantly improved by dietary BVC intake at the tested levels(0.5%-2%),as indicated by higher survival rates(approximately 1.52-1.85 times that without BVC supplementation)upon intraperitoneally injection of bacterial pathogen Aeromonas hydrophila.In addition,both the count and phagocytic activity of blood cells were signifi cantly up-regulated by a 45-day dietary supplementation of BVC.Moreover,compared to that of the control,fi sh individuals fed BVC containing diets exhibited signifi cant higher activities of superoxide dismutase(SOD),myeloperoxidase(MPO),and lysozyme(LYZ).The content of immunoglobulin M(IgM)in serum of African catfi sh was also induced by dietary BVC supplementation.Furthermore,the expression levels of interleukin-8(IL-8),toll-like receptor 1 and 5(TLR1 and TLR5),myeloid diff erentiation factor 88(MyD88),and nuclear factor kappa B(NFκB)in the head kidney were signifi cantly up-regulated.Our fi ndings indicate BVC could be an eff ective immunostimulant in teleost species,which may enhance fi sh immunity through improving hematic parameters,activating bioactive humoral molecules,and up-regulating immune related molecular pathways.

The Effect of Bamboo Charcoal Application on Soil Nutrients and Heavy Metals in Rice

Soil heavy metal pollution is becoming more and more serious.Biomass charcoal application can play an important role in alleviating the toxicity of heavy metals in soils.Compared with other biochar,bamboo charcoal has more unique properties and may have a unique effect on heavy metal pollution.Zhejiang Province of Southeastern China is rich in bamboo resources.However,few studies related to bamboo charcoal application for heavy metal remediation in farmland were reported.In this study,four treatments with different amounts of bamboo charcoal application were set up through a field experiment,namely BC0(no bamboo charcoal application),BC1(2500 kg⋅ha^(−1)),BC2(5000 kg⋅ha^(−1)),and BC3(10000 kg⋅ha^(−1)),and each treatment was replicated three times.The results showed that(1)The application of bamboo charcoal significantly increased the soil pH and organic matter content.Compared with BC0,the pH and organic content of BC3 increased by 7.4%and 17.4%(P<0.05)respectively.(2)The HCl-extractable Cd content of paddy soil in the BC1 treatment was significantly lower than other treatments(P<0.05),and decreased by 15.3%,compared with BC0.The soil HCl-extractable Zn and Cu content did not differ significantly between treatments(P>0.05).(3)With the increase of bamboo charcoal application,the Cd content in rice gradually decreased,the BC3 treatment significantly decreased by 39.0%(P<0.05),and the Zn and Cu contents in rice did not differ significantly between treatments(P>0.05),compared with BC0.(4)Soil pH,organic matter and Cd in rice seeds were significantly negatively correlated(P<0.01).The heavy metal content in rice does not change with the change of heavy metal content with HCl-extractable state in soil.It means bamboo charcoal does not reduce heavy metal content in rice by simply declining the heavy metal content with HCl-extractable state.The mechanism of action is relatively complicated,and further study is needed.

Study on Applications of Nanotechnology in Bamboo Charcoal Fibre

Nanotechnology (NT) deals with materials from 1 to 100 nm in length. Internationaly, NT is defined as the understanding, manipulation, and control of matter at the length mentioned above, thus, the physical, chemical, and biological properties of the materials (individual atoms, molecules, and bulk matter) can be engineered, synthesized, and altered to develop the next generation of improved materials, devices, structures, and systems. NT at the molecular level can be used to develop desired textile with special feature, such as high strength, unique surface structure, soft feeling, durability, water resistance, incombustibility, antimicrobial property, and so on. Indeed, NT has created numerous opportunities and challenges in the need of research, by the advancing of the technology in textile industry of China and the importing of bamboo charcoal fibers of nanotechnology from foreign countries. This paper focuses on summarizing recent applications of NT, its characters and functional test for bamboo charcoal fibers.

Development of Ecological Absorbent Core Sanitary Pads in Combination of Kenaf and Chitosan Fibers

The menstrual cycle is always considered as a big nightmare by many women. This research aims to make this process smooth and safe by developing natural sanitary pads which are used to absorb and retain menstrual blood from the body. Some existing sanitary pads contain 90% plastics made of non-woven polypropylene/polyethylene sheets, super absorbent polymers, and polyethylene back sheets that will take up to 600 - 800 years to decompose. So, biodegradable sanitary pads using natural fibers are the best alternative to eliminate the pads which contain non-biodegradable materials. In this research, nonwoven bamboo will be used as the top layer, nonwoven cotton will be used as the second layer, the absorbent core is to be made by the combination of kenaf and chitosan fibers as the third layer, cotton as the fourth layer, and cornstarch-based bioplastic sheets as the bottom layer. These biodegradable natural materials will change the menstrual process into a healthy one as well as create a robust ecological community.

喷气涡流纺长片段竹节段彩纱的设计与生产

探讨有色超短纤维在喷气涡流纺花式纱开发中的应用及生产要点。采用有色粘胶超短纤维与本色竹浆纤维、椰炭改性涤纶纤维,在并条机上加装竹节装置,利用喷气涡流纺纱技术纺制成长片段竹节段彩纱。针对粘胶纤维长度相对较短的特点,工艺上尝试采用短流程、减小隔距、降低打击件速度等技术措施。结果表明:开发的喷气涡流纺段彩纱具有段彩片段长、生产效率高的特点,其在布面上色点朦胧,时而形成连续分布,时而散点分布,形成不同于传统段彩纱的独特风格。

灰竹炭纤维/大麻纤维/Coolplus纤维/棉精梳混纺柔洁纱的可纺性研究与生产实践

本文结合生产实践,通过设备改造和半制品及纱测试,分析和讨论各因素对灰竹炭纤维/大麻纤维/Coolplus纤维/棉精梳混纺柔洁纱质量的影响,研究前纺工序和细纱工序通过优化工艺参数、采用新型纺纱专件、合理控制车间的温湿度等,明显地提高了灰竹炭纤维/大麻纤维/Coolplus纤维/棉精梳混纺柔洁纱质量。

竹炭掺杂铋系光催化剂的制备及其对有机污染物的降解研究

本研究以竹浆备料废弃物为原料,通过磷酸活化法制得竹炭,再利用水热法制备了竹炭/BiOCl复合催化剂,并探究了竹炭添加量和水热温度对复合催化剂光催化性能的影响。结果表明,竹炭保留了竹子本身的孔道结构,改变竹炭的添加量可实现对竹炭/BiOCl复合催化剂形貌的调控,为吸附污染物提供了良好的条件。竹炭和BiOCl之间发生的强相互作用,显著改善了BiOCl的吸附-光催化性能和氧空位含量,提高了光生电子传输效率,从而优化了复合催化剂的光催化降解效果。在水热温度140℃和竹炭添加量5%的条件下所制复合催化剂5BC-140,其可见光催化性能最佳,对罗丹明B的去除率在30 min内即可达86.5%,一阶动力学常数k为BiOCl的4.2倍,且具有优异的稳定性和可循环性能。

竹炭配煤成型活性炭吸附性能研究

【目的】为了探究煤与生物质配比对制备成型活性炭的颗粒强度、表观密度、碘吸附值、亚甲基蓝吸附值以及孔隙结构等影响。【方法】该研究以竹炭配煤制备成型炭,经过水蒸气活化制备颗粒活性炭,采用扫描电镜(Scanning Electron Microscope,SEM)、热重法(Thermogravimetry,TG)、氮气等温吸脱附等表征手段深入分析竹炭配煤成型活性炭的理化特性。【结果】竹炭引入会提高成型活性炭的碘吸附值、亚甲基蓝吸附值,降低成型活性炭强度、表观密度,影响成型活性炭的使用效果。【结论】当煤炭∶竹炭为1∶3时,吸附性能与强度指标均满足要求,此时活性炭碘吸附值以及亚甲基蓝吸附值分别为934.7、165 mg·g^(-1),强度为86.4%,达到饮用水国标规定,具有良好的商业应用前景。

基于rGO/BB水凝胶粒子电极的三维电化学吸附碳酸铀酰离子研究

铀的采冶过程中,会产生大量的含铀废水,容易造成地下水的污染。在受污染的地下水中,铀常与碳酸盐结合形成扩散性更强、迁移性更高的碳酸铀酰络合物,这使得铀的去除变得更加困难。将氧化石墨烯和竹炭共混,通过低温水热还原反应将竹炭组装至还原氧化石墨烯水凝胶的骨架上,制备具有三维多孔结构的rGO/BB水凝胶。将rGO/BB水凝胶作为三维电化学系统中的粒子电极,探究电解质(硝酸钠)浓度、外加电压、极板间距、pH和rGO/BB水凝胶粒子电极用量等因素对三维电化学系统吸附碳酸铀酰离子性能的影响。实验结果表明,在pH4~8、极板间距4cm、电压5 V、rGO/BB水凝胶用量90mg的条件下,对200mL浓度为1~1000 mg·L^(-1)的碳酸铀酰均具有良好的吸附率,即使当碳酸铀酰浓度为1000 mg·L^(-1)时,14 h吸附率依然可以达到87.56%。经过5次吸附解吸循环后,吸附率仍然保持在87%以上,具有较好的循环再生性能。引入和使用rGO/BB水凝胶粒子电极显著提高了电化学系统对铀的吸附能力,其中羧基和羟基对铀吸附发挥着重要作用。这些结果说明,基于rGO/BB水凝胶粒子电极的三维电化学系统对去除碳酸铀酰离子具有很大的应用潜力。

竹炭/陶粒及组合填料BAF处理高氨氮沼液的挂膜启动效应

为研究竹炭/陶粒及组合填料曝气生物滤池(BAF)处理高氨氮沼液的启动特性,在水力停留时间为6 h,水温23.2~26.5℃,气水比5:1(DO 3~4 mg/L),进水NH_(4)^(+)-N浓度为33.1~222.3 mg/L,COD 42.5~242.3 mg/L的运行条件下,对比考察了竹炭BAF(Z-BAF)、陶粒BAF(T-BAF)和组合填料BAF(ZT-BAF)的生化特性、沿程变化和挂膜启动效应。结果表明,Z-BAF、T-BAF及ZT-BAF分别在26、18和13 d完成挂膜启动。挂膜期间,平均出水NH_(4)^(+)-N浓度分别为24.4、15.9及8.5 mg/L;平均出水COD分别为78.6、73.02和47.2 mg/L。通过检测不同运行天数BAF的沿程生化特性变化,发现挂膜24 d时,去除COD的异养菌主要集中在反应器下部,负责转化NH_(4)^(+)-N的自养菌主要集中在反应器中下部;在第24~40天,自养菌在与异养菌的竞争中逐步取得优势,逐步向反应器下部生长繁殖。电镜扫描分析确认了各反应器中的填料上附着生长良好的生物膜,且观察到相较于陶粒填料,竹炭填料表面具有更好生物膜生长特性。综上,ZT-BAF挂膜时间最短且对污染物去除效率最高,在高氨氮沼液负荷下,竹炭和陶粒作为组合填料更有利于提升BAF的挂膜启动性能。

ZIF-8/纳米纤维素对竹木复合纤维除臭性能的影响

近年来,随着人们生活品质要求的不断提升,具有除臭性能好、吸收性能强和价格成本低廉的纤维材料在婴幼儿、成人除臭纸尿裤等卫生用品中的需求量不断增高。但目前市场上的除臭纤维基本存在除臭性能差、吸水性弱以及成本高的问题,严重制约我国除臭功能性纤维材料的国际竞争力。笔者以国内常见的白竹炭纤维和针叶木纤维为基本原料,以ZIF-8纳米粒子和纳米纤维素(CNF)为除臭改性填料,通过复合加工工艺,制备了兼具除臭和吸水功能的竹木复合除臭纤维,并探究了白竹炭纤维和针叶木纤维原料质量比、改性填料含量对复合除臭纤维微结构、吸水以及除氨气、硫化氢等臭味气体的影响规律。研究结果表明,所制备复合除臭纤维最佳工艺条件为针叶木纤维与白竹炭纤维绝干质量比为70∶30,ZIF-8和CNF的质量分数分别为7%和6%,23℃下风干处理24 h,在该工艺条件下制备的除臭纤维对氨气和硫化氢的消臭率分别为84.56%和83.11%,吸水量为8.4 g/g,除臭纤维性能达到国家标准GB/T 33610.2—2017(消臭率≥70%)的要求。

竹炭密度测定方法研究

采用排液法、振实法和自然堆积法3种方法测定竹炭密度,探究不同测定方法对试样规格、测试参数的要求及其对测试结果精确度的影响。结果表明:用排液法测试颗粒状竹炭密度时,测试介质宜选用液体石蜡,且机械窑竹炭的密度测定结果精确度更高,标准差为0.047 g·cm^(-3);用振实法测试粉末状竹炭密度时,选择振动频率200 r·min^(-1)、振动次数1000次、试样规格180目的参数条件下测定结果精确度最高,标准差为0.0032 g·cm^(-3);使用自然堆积法测定颗粒状竹炭密度时设定高度差3 cm时的测定结果精确度最高,标准差为0.00095 g·cm^(-3),测定粉末状竹炭密度时选择试样规格60目,下落高度5 cm时的测定结果精确度最高,标准差为0.00014 g·cm^(-3)。

不同水热温度对梁山慈竹水热炭的理化性质影响研究

【目的】为系统研究不同水热温度条件下竹基水热炭理化性质变化。【方法】以梁山慈竹(Dendrocalamus farinosus)为供试材料,基于系列水热温度(453、493、513、533和573 K)制备竹基水热炭,对其元素含量、孔隙结构及表面官能团等理化性质进行表征,并评估其对铀(U^(6+))吸附性能。【结果】梁山慈竹含有丰富的纤维素及半纤维素,在较低温度条件下优先转化为碳微球,有利于形成发达孔隙结构。在低温区(453和493 K)制备的水热炭具备较高产率的同时还具备丰富的官能团,其中493 K温度下制备的竹基水热炭具备最大的比表面积(55.61 m 2·g^(-1))和最小的平均孔径(7.77 nm),具备优质吸附结构特征。而高温区(513、533及573 K)则破坏了其优质吸附结构及官能团。U^(6+)吸附试验结果进一步证实493 K下制备的竹基水热炭对U^(6+)吸附最佳,吸附容量达到12.63 mg·g^(-1)。【结论】梁山慈竹在493 K条件下水热炭化的生物炭对U^(6+)吸附效率更高,在资源化利用及核污染治理方面更具优势。