Inhibition of Propionibacterium acnes by refined bamboo vinegar and preparation of the slow-release system with bamboo charcoal as the carrier

Background:Acne vulgaris is one of the most common skin diseases that can significantly impact a considerable proportion of individuals over their lifetime.Objective:This study focuses on the exploration of the application potential of bamboo vinegar in cosmetics.Materials and Methods:The stock solution of bamboo vinegar is subjected to reduced-pressure distillation at different temperatures to obtain refined bamboo vinegar.Then,inhibition of Propionibacterium acnes(P.acnes)by refined bamboo vinegar is observed.Moreover,the refined bamboo vinegar is adsorbed and released with activated bamboo charcoal as the carrier.In all,this study aims to probe into the mechanism of the controlledrelease system of bamboo vinegar.Results:The results shows that the harmful substances(tar)in bamboo vinegar distilled at 70℃decreased by 94.44%,which is a more notable decrease compared with that in the stock solution.The total organic acid content in bamboo vinegar after reduced-pressure distillation is 11.840%,reaching the national standard for refined bamboo vinegar(GB/T 31734–2015).Additionally,the minimum inhibitory concentration of refined bamboo vinegar against P.acnes using the punch method is 7.90 mg/mL.This indicates that refined bamboo vinegar has the potential as a prospective raw material for formulations in anti-acne cosmetic products.Furthermore,the release rate of bamboo charcoal/bamboo vinegar in water for 15 min reaches 70.57%,which then slows down to a plateau.The slow-release behavior is agreed with the Ritger-Peppas model and is beneficial to relieve the irritation of bamboo vinegar to the skin and lengthen its bacteriostatic duration.Conclusion:The foregoing conclusions can serve as the theoretical foundation for the application of bamboo vinegar in anti-acne cosmetics.

Impacts of dietary supplementation of bamboo vinegar and charcoal powder on growth performance,intestinal morphology,and gut microflora of large-scale loach Paramisgurnus dabryanus

Although accumulating data demonstrate that dietary supplementation of bamboo vinegar and charcoal powder(BVC)can significantly strengthen the immunity and boost the growth of domestic animals,its application potency still awaits verification in commercial fish species such as the large-scale loach Paramisgurnus dabryanus.The impacts of 90-day dietary supplementation of 1%and 2%BVC on survival and growth performance of the loach,and on the intestinal morphological characteristics and gut microflora were analyzed.Our data show that the large-scale loach supplied with BVC at the experimental doses had significant higher survival rates and better growth performance(indicated by greater weight gain(1.13–1.14 times),higher specific growth rate(1.04 times),and lower feed conversion ratio(0.88–0.89 times))compared to that of the control(P<0.05).Histological examination revealed significant longer villus(3.22–5.54 times),deeper crypt(1.77–1.87 times),and thicker muscle(1.59–3.17 times)in the intestines of large-scale loach fed with BVC(P<0.05).Furthermore,we found that the gut microflora consisted of significantly fewer proportions of potential pathogenic bacterial species(Aeromonas veronii and Escherichia coli),but significantly greater proportions of beneficial microbes(Lactococus raffinolactis and Faecalibacterium prausnitzii).Therefore,dietary intake of BVC can promote intestinal tract development and optimize gut microflora,by which the survival and growth of large-scale loach may be improved.

Dietary intake of bamboo vinegar and charcoal powder(BVC)enhances resistance of African catfi sh Clarias gariepinus to bacterial pathogen

Although the immunomodulatory activity of bamboo vinegar and charcoal powder(BVC)has been increasingly documented in domestic animals,the use of BVC as immunostimulant in fi sh aquaculture awaits verifi cation.In the present study,the immunostimulatory impacts of dietary BVC intake were investigated in an important aquaculture fi sh species,the African catfi sh Clarias gariepinus.Results show that the pathogen resistance of African catfi sh was signifi cantly improved by dietary BVC intake at the tested levels(0.5%-2%),as indicated by higher survival rates(approximately 1.52-1.85 times that without BVC supplementation)upon intraperitoneally injection of bacterial pathogen Aeromonas hydrophila.In addition,both the count and phagocytic activity of blood cells were signifi cantly up-regulated by a 45-day dietary supplementation of BVC.Moreover,compared to that of the control,fi sh individuals fed BVC containing diets exhibited signifi cant higher activities of superoxide dismutase(SOD),myeloperoxidase(MPO),and lysozyme(LYZ).The content of immunoglobulin M(IgM)in serum of African catfi sh was also induced by dietary BVC supplementation.Furthermore,the expression levels of interleukin-8(IL-8),toll-like receptor 1 and 5(TLR1 and TLR5),myeloid diff erentiation factor 88(MyD88),and nuclear factor kappa B(NFκB)in the head kidney were signifi cantly up-regulated.Our fi ndings indicate BVC could be an eff ective immunostimulant in teleost species,which may enhance fi sh immunity through improving hematic parameters,activating bioactive humoral molecules,and up-regulating immune related molecular pathways.

Preliminary study of application effect of bamboo vinegar on vegetable growth

Tiffs paper reports the effects of moso bamboo （Phyllostachys pubescense） vinegar, with different diluents, on the growth of lettuce, cole and cucumber based on field tests. The results show that moso bamboo vinegar with 500-800 times dilution had good effect on the growth of tested vegetables. The harvest of vegetables increased from 18.8%-20.2% compared with a control. The height and the weight of the average single vegetable tested also increased. The main components of moso bamboo vinegar were analyzed by GC-MS and the positive effect on the growth was, in the first instance, attributed to a synergistic effect of trace amounts of the main components of bamboo vinegar.

Effect of Preparations of Bamboo Vinegar and Copper Sulfate on Green Algae and Tobacco Seedling Growth

To provide theoretical and technical basis for the application of preparations of bamboo vinegar and copper sulfate in the prevention of green algae in floating system for tobacco seeding,the soaking and spraying methods were employed to study the effect of different concentrations of preparations of bamboo vinegar and copper sulfate on green algae and tobacco seedling growth. The results showed that the preparations of bamboo vinegar and copper sulfate of different concentrations played a strong role in inhibiting green algae growth and had better effect than copper sulfate. Spraying 1∶ 200 preparations of bamboo vinegar and copper sulfate could significantly promote tobacco seedling growth,and the leaf fresh weight increased by 15. 80% compared with CK,with significant difference; spraying 1∶ 50 preparations was not conducive to tobacco seedling growth. It was recommended to spray 1∶ 200 preparations of bamboo vinegar and copper sulfate in floating system for tobacco seeding,which could promote tobacco seedling growth and reduce green algae to varying degrees.

Application Research of Bamboo Vinegar in Daily Chemicals

This paper combines the application direction of bamboo vinegar in daily chemicals, focusing on the performance of bamboo vinegar raw materials from different sources in antibacterial, deodorization, antimycotic, etc. The results show that bamboo vinegar have a good antibacterial effect to the common Staphylococcus aureus and Escherichia coli, and also have obvious deodorant effect and a certain inhibitory effect on mold. However, under the certain low concentration, bamboo vinegar will play a role in promoting mold growth.

桃胶和竹醋涂膜对猕猴桃果实采后软化机理研究

为探究桃胶和竹醋涂膜处理对猕猴桃采后果实软化的作用机理。以‘翠玉’猕猴桃为试材,采用2%桃胶、0.5%竹醋及桃胶+竹醋复合涂膜处理浸泡3 min,置于(5±1)℃、湿度为90%~95%的冷库中贮藏,研究果实硬度、细胞壁组分、软化相关酶活性及其基因表达量的变化规律。结果表明,复合涂膜处理显著抑制多聚半乳糖醛酸酶(PG)、β-半乳糖苷酶(β-Gal)、纤维素酶(Cx)和果胶酯酶(PE)的活性,降低PG、β-Gal、Cx和PE基因的表达,有效抑制细胞壁骨架物质、原果胶和纤维素的降解,延缓可溶性总糖和可溶性蛋白含量的上升,从而维持果实的硬度,延迟果实后熟软化。综上,桃胶和竹醋复合涂膜保鲜效果优于单一处理,是延缓猕猴桃果实细胞壁代谢和保持果实品质的有效措施。

竹醋液对鸡场消毒和除臭的试验研究

为了解竹醋液对鸡场消毒、除臭效果,本研究选择3栋蛋鸡舍,分别开展了竹醋液不同喷淋浓度、喷淋强度和喷淋时间对鸡舍空气沉降菌杀灭和氨气、硫化氢臭气降解效果研究。结果显示,竹醋液原液稀释150倍,喷淋强度按150 mL/(m 2/min),每日喷淋2次,每次喷淋20 min,可经济有效地对鸡舍进行带鸡消毒和除臭。

竹醋液对紫苏镉毒的缓解效应研究

超富集植物修复是目前研究较多且具有良好发展前景的重金属污染土壤治理技术。然而,采用超富集植物对重金属污染土壤进行修复时,生物量大幅下降成为其难以大面积推广应用的难点。以超富集植物紫苏(Perilla frutescens)为材料,采用水培实验,研究竹醋液(BV)对不同Cd胁迫水平下紫苏生长以及Cd富集变化的响应,评估了BV对紫苏镉毒的缓解效应以及提高植物修复效率的可行性。结果表明,在Cd质量浓度为4 mg·L^(−1)和8 mg·L^(−1)的处理下,外施BV显著增加了紫苏的总干重(36.8%和20.6%),叶酚酸(93.6%和30.9%)和类黄酮质量分数(80.0%和31.9%),以及根酚酸质量分数(25.3%和31.2%)。根类黄酮质量分数在4 mg·L^(−1) Cd处理下增加了34.7%,而在8 mg·L^(−1) Cd处理下无显著差异;外施BV处理下,根系POD酶活性在4 mg·L^(−1)和8 mg·L^(−1) Cd处理下分别增加了64.2%和65.1%。叶和根系APX酶活性在8 mg·L^(−1) Cd处理下分别提高414.1%和76.0%。总体上,在4 mg·L^(−1)和8 mg·L^(−1) Cd质量浓度处理下,外施BV显著提高了植株地上部(16.5%和21.4%)和地下部(14.0%和62.8%)Cd质量分数,使植株Cd富集量分别提高了69.3%和55.7%。主成分分析表明,喷施BV可以改善植物酶与非酶抗氧化系统,增加了4 mg·L^(−1) Cd处理下植物的环境适应性,而对8 mg·L^(−1) Cd处理下植物的生理损伤影响较小。相关性分析表明,根系镉含量与根系酚酸呈显著正相关(P<0.05)。综上所述,BV通过提高紫苏POD和APX酶活性,增加类黄酮和酚酸类物质含量,缓解Cd对紫苏的损伤,促进Cd胁迫下植物生长,从而提高植物Cd富集效率。研究结果可为植物修复Cd污染土壤治理技术的推广提供理论基础。

竹醋液抑制J亚群禽白血病病毒复制研究

为探讨竹醋液在体外对J亚群禽白血病病毒(Avian leukosis virus subgroup J,ALV-J)复制的影响,研究首先通过CCK-8试剂盒测定青皮竹和慈竹两种竹醋液对DF-1细胞毒性,随后将不同浓度竹醋液与ALV-J等体积室温作用不同时间后接种到细胞中,利用qRTPCR、ELISA和Western blot测定竹醋处理对ALV-J编码基因的转录以及蛋白合成的影响。结果显示:两种竹醋液加入细胞中的最终浓度均≤2%,对细胞生长没有影响;青皮竹醋和慈竹醋在100%、50%、25%的浓度下与病毒在室温作用10 min、30 min后,细胞中gp37基因表达水平显著下降,细胞与上清中的P27蛋白表达水平也明显下降。研究表明,青皮竹醋和慈竹醋在体外均有明显的抗ALV-J活性。

竹醋液的驱蚊活性和成分分析及其动物安全性评估

【目的】蚊子传播可怕的疾病,每年造成许多人死亡,不仅增加医疗成本且降低生产力。竹炭生产副产物竹醋液(BV)由于用途有限而造成大量过剩,因此寻找BV的新型用途和扩大消费成为竹子利用产业链急需的科技需求。【方法】该研究采用了几种简单、实用和多学科的方法来确定BV的驱蚊效果,包括前臂皮肤着陆试验(FLT)、小腿皮肤着陆试验(LLT)和蔗糖饲养生物测定法(SBB)。【结果】FLT结果表明,9.0%乙酸水溶液(AAWS)和BV对白纹伊蚊(Aedes albopictus)有较强的保护效果(94.9%),而商业液体杀虫剂和4.5%避蚊胺对白纹伊蚊的保护效果分别为97.8%和90.8%。LLT结果表明,使用液体电热蒸汽器,BV和AAWS对白纹伊蚊具有较好的保护效果(BV和4.5%AAWS及9.0%AAWS的保护水平分别为97.6%和85.2%及97.5%),商业杀虫剂保护水平为99.5%。SBB表明,蚊子被AAWS的气味击退。BV(6.6%AA)、4.5%AAWS、9.0%AAWS及4.5%避蚊胺处理后的落蚊数差异不显著,但BV(6.6%AA)、4.5%AAWS、9.0%AAWS、避蚊胺和蒸馏水处理后落蚊数差异显著。保护期由长到短依次为:避蚊胺(75~90 min)=BV(75~90 min)>甲酸(60~75 min)>乙酸(45~60 min)>丙酸(30~45 min)>丁酸(15~30 min)>水(0 min)。另外对供试BV进行气-质谱联用分析发现挥发性物质69种,其中酸类9.00%、酚类3.37%、酮类2.21%、酯类1.97%、糖类0.81%、胺类0.76%、醇类0.37%、其余有机物0.81%、水80.70%。安全性试验表明:BV小鼠骨髓微核率为阴性。【结论】BV可能部分取代杀虫剂、避蚊胺和精油作为个人防蚊的有效制剂。

竹子废弃物基质化利用研究进展

我国竹子种类丰富、产量大,但综合利用率较低,每年均会产生大量竹子废弃物。利用竹子废弃物开发园艺基质,既可缓解竹子废弃物带来的生态环境压力,又可为我国现代农业的可持续发展提供保障。本研究从竹子废弃物基质化利用角度,综述了竹子废弃物(包括竹炭基质、竹屑基质、竹纤维基质以及竹醋液基质改良剂)基质化利用工艺手段及其性能,并阐明了竹子废弃物基质化利用存在的问题以及相关建议,以期为其绿色、低碳、环保化再利用提供借鉴,促进我国园艺基质栽培产业的可持续发展。

超高压结合竹醋液处理对冷藏鲈鱼片品质和蛋白特性的影响

为分析超高压结合竹醋液处理对冷藏鲈鱼片品质变化与蛋白特性的影响,将鲈鱼片分别用0%、1%、2%和3%竹醋液浸渍后,进行250 MPa、9 min超高压处理,随后置于4℃贮藏。分别在第0、4、8、12、14、16、18 d对各组样品进行理化指标(色差、pH值、电导率、TVB-N值)、感官及蛋白质特性(肌动球蛋白含量、总巯基含量、TCA可溶性寡肽溶出量)分析,综合评价不同处理方式对冷藏鲈鱼片品质与蛋白特性的影响。分析结果表明:超高压结合3%竹醋液处理后,鲈鱼片的TVB-N值在贮藏末期(18 d)达(31.88±1.33) mgN/100 g,明显低于超高压冷藏对照组样品(44.77±1.89) mgN/100 g;此外,该处理方式还能延缓样品pH值变化和电导率的升高;蛋白特性指标显示该处理同时显著减缓了样品中蛋白质的降解变性,并维持其良好特性。因此,超高压结合竹醋液处理能够明显改善鲈鱼片的综合品质并维持其蛋白特性,其中超高压结合3%竹醋液处理的效果最优,能使冷藏鲈鱼片的货架期至少延长4 d。

高纯度竹醋液生产和加工工艺的研究

通过对炭窑、炭材、燃料、收集工艺、储存条件和精制方法等的分析研究,结果表明:在土窑里用无化学污染、立地条件一般的老龄竹、竹材加工剩余物作燃料,收集温度90～160℃,静置8个月,再经精馏处理,能获得高纯度竹醋液;该竹醋液为棕黄色透明的液体,烟焦味淡,密度1.001～1.008g/cm3,pH值2.6～3.2,有机酸含量7.5%～10.0%,甲醇含量<0.01%,苯酚含量<0.01%,可溶解焦油含量0.5%～2.0%。

竹醋对生活污水好氧处理的强化作用初步研究

采用在生活污水好氧处理之前投加外源物质的方法 ,研究了竹醋 (Bamboo Vinegar,BV)及其主要有机成分 (乙酸 )对污水好氧处理效果的强化作用。结果表明 :1当 VBV/ V污水 的比值达到1 / 1 0 6时 ,BV对污水 CODcr的去除有极显著的强化作用 :CODcr去除率比不加竹醋的对照组提高1 0 %。但是 ,BV对污水中 NH+ 4 - N,T- P的去除率没有影响。 2乙酸单独使用亦可显著提高污水CODcr去除率 ,当 V乙酸 / V污水 为 1 / 1 0 7时 ,强化效果最好 ,CODcr去除率提高 1 3%。由于乙酸具有与BV相似的作用特点 ,所以认为 BV对污水处理效果的强化作用来自其中的乙酸。为了将 BV应用于污水处理中 ,需要进一步研究确定 BV对活性污泥法。

竹醋液及竹醋液复配制剂对木材霉菌的抑菌性

为拓宽竹醋液的用途以及开发高效低毒型竹木材保护剂,进行了竹醋原液以及竹醋液复配制剂对3种常见木材霉菌(黑曲霉Aspergillus niger,绿色木霉Trichoderma viride和橘青霉Penicillium citrinum)的抑菌性研究。结果表明:①竹醋液原液对3种木材霉菌抑菌率为99%,对木材霉菌具有直接灭杀作用,杀菌最高稀释倍数10倍。②滤纸抑菌圈试验证明,复配有效成分制成的PW1,PW2和PW3竹醋液复配制剂对木材霉菌抑菌性能比竹醋液原液明显增强,对黑曲霉、绿色木霉和橘青霉抑菌圈直径(试验第2天),竹醋原液全为0mm,PW1为18,29和17mm;PW2为23,32和20mm;PW3为19,28和16 mm。PW2对3种木材霉菌抑菌效果最强,其次是PW1,最弱是PW3。③在3种木材霉菌中,竹醋液复配制剂对绿色木霉菌抑制作用最强。

重视竹材化学利用 开发竹炭应用技术

在对中国竹材工业化利用现状 ,以及中国加入WTO以后木材市场将出现的新情况分析的基础上 ,提出了开发竹材资源 ,抛弃简单“以竹代木”的旧观念 ,树立“以竹胜木”的新思维。论述了要重视竹材的化学利用 ,开发竹炭应用技术。阐述了竹炭和竹醋液的形成。

竹炭材料的有效利用理论与应用研究进展

分析研究了中国竹类资源的应用历史、现状 ,根据中国竹资源的状况 ,提出了竹资源利用的研究方向及发展趋势。着重分析研究了竹炭及其制品的开发应用前景、竹炭产品存在的问题及开发我国竹炭市场的对策 ,并对竹炭的应用研究、基础理论研究作了论述 。

中国近五年竹材加工利用研究进展及展望

对我国近5年(2002-2006)竹材加工利用研究进展,包括竹材人造板、竹炭、竹醋液、竹纤维等进行了系统归纳和总结;对我国竹材研究方向给出几点建议,并对我国竹产业发展趋势做了展望。

竹醋液对几种植物病原真菌的抑制活性

新制竹醋液抑制6种作物8种病原真菌菌丝生长的活性大小序为:苹果霉心病菌>小麦赤霉病菌>黄瓜炭疽病菌>番茄灰霉病菌>葡萄炭疽病菌>番茄早疫病菌>草莓灰霉病菌>苹果腐烂病菌>苹果轮纹病菌>黄瓜灰霉病菌,有效抑制中浓度(EC50)介于0．1185％-0．8035％(g/mL,干重/体积)之间。室温下保存1年的竹醋液抑制7种作物8种病菌菌丝生长的EC50在0．0832％-0．3334％之间,对苹果霉心病菌的抑制活性下降,对6种作物的6种病菌的抑制活性均高于新制竹醋液。在2％水琼脂培养基上测定发现竹醋液明显抑制草莓灰霉菌分生孢子萌发,对该菌7个菌株的EC50在 0．0365％-0．1311％之间,平均为0．0673±0．0332％。叶盘漂浮法测定发现0．0125％、0．025％和0．05％的竹醋液对葡萄霜霉病的防效分别为23．5％、38．8％和78．4％,对葡萄霜霉病菌5个菌株EC50在0．0191％-0．0464％之间,平均为0．0317 ±0．0109％。