Biomaterials and tissue engineering in traumatic brain injury:novel perspectives on promoting neural regeneration

Traumatic brain injury is a serious medical condition that can be attributed to falls, motor vehicle accidents, sports injuries and acts of violence, causing a series of neural injuries and neuropsychiatric symptoms. However, limited accessibility to the injury sites, complicated histological and anatomical structure, intricate cellular and extracellular milieu, lack of regenerative capacity in the native cells, vast variety of damage routes, and the insufficient time available for treatment have restricted the widespread application of several therapeutic methods in cases of central nervous system injury. Tissue engineering and regenerative medicine have emerged as innovative approaches in the field of nerve regeneration. By combining biomaterials, stem cells, and growth factors, these approaches have provided a platform for developing effective treatments for neural injuries, which can offer the potential to restore neural function, improve patient outcomes, and reduce the need for drugs and invasive surgical procedures. Biomaterials have shown advantages in promoting neural development, inhibiting glial scar formation, and providing a suitable biomimetic neural microenvironment, which makes their application promising in the field of neural regeneration. For instance, bioactive scaffolds loaded with stem cells can provide a biocompatible and biodegradable milieu. Furthermore, stem cells-derived exosomes combine the advantages of stem cells, avoid the risk of immune rejection, cooperate with biomaterials to enhance their biological functions, and exert stable functions, thereby inducing angiogenesis and neural regeneration in patients with traumatic brain injury and promoting the recovery of brain function. Unfortunately, biomaterials have shown positive effects in the laboratory, but when similar materials are used in clinical studies of human central nervous system regeneration, their efficacy is unsatisfactory. Here, we review the characteristics and properties of various bioactive materials, followed by the introduction of applications based on biochemistry and cell molecules, and discuss the emerging role of biomaterials in promoting neural regeneration. Further, we summarize the adaptive biomaterials infused with exosomes produced from stem cells and stem cells themselves for the treatment of traumatic brain injury. Finally, we present the main limitations of biomaterials for the treatment of traumatic brain injury and offer insights into their future potential.

Exploration of Ideological and Political Materials for the Course of Inorganic and Analytical Chemistry for Environmental and Ecological Engineering Major

Integrating ideological and political theories teaching into the whole process of classroom teaching construction is a new requirement for implementing the fundamental task of cultivating people by virtue and playing the role of collaborative education.In order to realize the seamless integration of inorganic and analytical chemistry courses and ideological and political education,this paper summarizes the current situation of ideological and political research on inorganic and analytical chemistry courses in three major databases in China(VIP,CNKI and Wanfang),and sorts out the knowledge points,ideological and political elements and educational goals according to the content of the course chapters,to provide a basic guarantee for the ideological and political education construction of the course.

Integrated Computational Materials Engineering for the Development and Design of High Modulus Al Alloys

Integrated computational materials engineering(ICME)is to integrate multi-scale computational simulations and key experimental methods such as macroscopic,mesoscopic,and microscopic into the whole process of Al alloys design and development,which enables the design and development of Al alloys to upgrade from traditional empirical to the integration of compositionprocess-structure-mechanical property,thus greatly accelerating its development speed and reducing its development cost.This study combines calculation of phase diagram(CALPHAD),Finite element calculations,first principle calculations,and microstructure characterization methods to predict and regulate the formation and structure of composite precipitates from the design of highmodulus Al alloy compositions and optimize the casting process parameters to inhibit the formation of micropore defects in the casting process,and the final tensile strength of Al alloys reaches420 MPa and Young's modulus reaches more than 88 GPa,which achieves the design goal of the high strength and modulus Al alloys,and establishes a new mode of the design and development of the strength/modulus Al alloys.

Molecular Dynamics (MD) Applications in Materials Science and Engineering and Nanotechnology

Molecular dynamics (MD) is a computer simulation technique that helps to explore the behavior and properties of molecules and atoms. MD has been used in research and development in many spaces, including materials science and engineering and nanotechnology. MD has been proven useful in topics like the nano-engineering of construction materials, correcting graphene planar defects, studying self-assembling bio-materials, and the densification, consolidation, and sintering of nanocrystalline materials.

The design and engineering strategies of metal tellurides for advanced metal-ion batteries

Owning various crystal structures and high theoretical capacity,metal tellurides are emerging as promising electrode materials for high-performance metal-ion batteries(MBs).Since metal telluride-based MBs are quite new,fundamental issues raise regarding the energy storage mechanism and other aspects affecting electrochemical performance.Severe volume expansion,low intrinsic conductivity and slow ion diffusion kinetics jeopardize the performance of metal tellurides,so that rational design and engineering are crucial to circumvent these disadvantages.Herein,this review provides an in-depth discussion of recent investigations and progresses of metal tellurides,beginning with a critical discussion on the energy storage mechanisms of metal tellurides in various MBs.In the following,recent design and engineering strategies of metal tellurides,including morphology engineering,compositing,defect engineering and heterostructure construction,for high-performance MBs are summarized.The primary focus is to present a comprehensive understanding of the structural evolution based on the mechanism and corresponding effects of dimension control,composition,electron configuration and structural complexity on the electrochemical performance.In closing,outlooks and prospects for future development of metal tellurides are proposed.This work also highlights the promising directions of design and engineering strategies of metal tellurides with high performance and low cost.

面向国际合作班的Engineering Materials课程教学研究与实践

针对国际合作班双语教学特点,结合专业培养要求,对现有Engineering Materials教学模式中存在的一些问题展开研究,重点在教材建设,教学方法以及考核方式方面寻求解决办法,开展面向国际合作班的Engineering Materials课程教学研究与实践。

Unleashing the Potential of Unidirectional Mechanical Materials: Breakthroughs and Promising Applications

The emergence of mechanically one-way materials presents an exciting opportunity for materials science and engineering. These substances exhibit unique nonreciprocal mechanical responses, enabling them to selectively channel mechanical energy and facilitate directed sound propagation, controlled mass transport, and concentration of mechanical energy amidst random motion. This article explores the fundamentals of mechanically one-way materials, their potential applications across various industries, and the economic and environmental considerations related to their production and use.

Biologically Inspired Self-assembling Synthesis of Bone-like Nano-hydroxyapatite/PLGA-(PEG-ASP)_n Composite: A New Biomimetic Bone Tissue Engineering Scaffold Material

A new biomimetic bone tissue engineering scaffold material, nano-HAI PLGA-（ PEG-Asp ）n composite, was synthesized by a biologically inspired self-assembling approach. A novel biodegradable PLGA- （ PEG-Asp ）n copolymer with pendant amine functional groups and enhanced hydrophilicity woo synthesized by bulk ring-opening copolymerization by DL-lactide（ DLLA） and glycolide（ GA ） with Aspartic acid （ Asp ）-Polyethylene glycol（PEG） alt-prepolymer. A Three-dimensional, porous scaffold of the PLGA-（ PEG- Asp）n copolymer was fabricated by a solvent casting , particulate leaching process. The scaffold woo then incubated in modified simulated body fluid （naSBF）. Growth of HA nanocrystals on the inner pore surfaces of the porous scaffold is confirmed by calcium ion binding analyses, SEM , mass increooe meoourements and quantification of phosphate content within scaffolds. SEM analysis demonstrated the nucleation and growth of a continuous bonelike, low crystalline carbonated HA nanocrystals on the inner pore surfaces of the PLGA- （ PEG-Asp ）n scaffolds. The amount of calcium binding, total mass and the mass of phosphate on experimental PLGA- （ PEG-Asp ） n scaffolds at different incubation times in mSBF was significantly greater than that of control PLGA scaffolds. This nano-HA/ PLGA-（ PEG- Asp ）n composite stunts some features of natural bone both in main composition and hierarchical microstrueture. The Asp- PEG alt-prepolymer modified PleA copolymer provide a controllable high surface density and distribution of anionic functional groups which would enhance nucleation and growth of bonelike mineral following exposure to mSBF. This biomimetic treatment provides a simple method for surface functionalization and sabsequent mineral nucleation and self-oosembling on bodegradable polymer scaffolds for tissue engineering.

DID Code:A Bridge Connecting the Materials Genome Engineering Database w让h Inheritable Integrated Intelligent Manufacturing

A data identifier(DID)is an essential tag or label in all kinds of databases—particularly those related to integrated computational materials engineering(ICME),inheritable integrated intelligent manufacturing(I3M),and the Industrial Internet ofThings.With the guidance and quick acceleration of the developme nt of advanced materials,as envisioned by official documents worldwide,more investigations are required to construct relative numerical standards for material informatics.This work proposes a universal DID format consisting of a set of build chains,which aligns with the classical form of identifier in both international and national standards,such as ISO/IEC 29168-1:2000,GB/T 27766-2011,GA/T 543.2-2011,GM/T 0006-2012,GJB 7365-2011,SL 325-2014,SL 607-201&WS 363.2-2011,and QX/T 39-2005.Each build chain is made up of capital letters and numbers,with no symbols.Moreover,the total length of each build chain is not restricted,which follows the formation of the Universal Coded Character Set in the international standard of ISO/IEC 10646.Based on these rules,the proposed DID is flexible and convenient for extendi ng and sharing in and between various cloud-based platforms.Accordingly,classical two-dimensional(2D)codes,including the Hanxin Code,Lots Perception Matrix(LP)Code,Quick Response(Q.R)code,Grid Matrix(GM)code,and Data Matrix(DM)Code,can be constructed and precisely recognized and/or decoded by either smart phones or specific machines.By utilizing these 2D codes as the fingerprints of a set of data linked with cloud-based platforms,progress and updates in the composition-processing-structure-property-performance workflow process can be tracked spontaneously,paving a path to accelerate the discovery and manufacture of advanced materials and enhance research productivity,performance,and collaboration.

Application Index of Enviromental Engineering by Using Carrier of Waste Material for Belt Seeding Establishment

According to the principle of belt seeding establishment of adhesive bonded fabric,applied indexes of belt seeding establishment effect were studied using carrier combination of several kinds of waste meterials under soil cover.The results showed that the effect depended on the coordinated characteristics of carrier combination from turfgrass and waste materials.It was testified that production of belt seeding was feasible using a certain kind of waste material carrier under given conditions.The study provided a scientific basis for applying evvironmental engineering to belt seeding establishment of waste materials and developing nwe industry of environmental protection.

Defect engineering in two-dimensional materials

Since the discovery of graphene in 2004, two-dimensional (2D) materials have attracted worldwide interest. They are proved to be the most promising materials for next generation electronic and optoelectronic devices, including transistor, photodetector, sensor, modulator and light-emitting diode. Defects, e.g. vacancies, adatoms, edges, grain boundaries, and substitutional impurities, are inevitable in 2D materials[1]. They will influence the performance of the materials in many aspects such as mechanical, electrical, optical and optoelectronic properties. For example, the presence of sulfur vacancies (SVs) leads to electron donor states within the electronic bandgap. This increases electron concentration and results in n-type characteristic in as-prepared MoS2. They could also give rise to hopping transport behavior in low carrier density and act as scattering centers to reduce the carrier mobility in MoS2. Thus, defect engineering, namely, eliminating the unfavorable defects and introducing beneficial defects is very meaningful, and would be a promising strategy to realize high performance electronic and optoelectronic devices based on 2D materials.

Emerging material engineering strategies for amplifying photothermal heterogeneous CO_(2)catalysis

Closing the carbon loop,through CO_(2)capture and utilization,is a promising route to mitigate climate change.Solar energy is a sustainable energy source which can be exploited to drive catalytic reactions for utilizing CO_(2),including converting the CO_(2)into useful products.Solar energy can be harnessed through a range of different pathways to valorize CO_(2).Whilst using solar energy to drive CO_(2)reduction has vast potential to promote catalytic CO_(2)conversions,the progress is limited due to the lack of understanding of property-performance relations as well as feasible material engineering approaches.Herein,we outline the various driving forces involved in photothermal CO_(2)catalysis.The heat from solar energy can be utilized to induce CO_(2)catalytic reduction reactions via the photothermal effect.Further,solar energy can act to modify reaction pathways through light-matter interactions.Light-induced chemical functions have demonstrated the ability to regulate intermediary reaction steps,and thus control the reaction selectivity.Photothermal catalyst structures and specific catalyst design strategies are discussed in this context.This review provides a comprehensive understanding of the heat-light synergy and guidance for rational photothermal catalyst design for CO_(2)utilization.

The Early Basilica Church, El-Ashmonein Archaeological Site, Minia, Egypt: Geo-Environmental Analysis and Engineering Characterization of the Building Materials

El-Ashmonein is a significant archaeological site with different buildings from various eras. Between the villages of El-Idara and El-Ashmonein are there mains of Hermopolis, one of the ancient Egyptian metropolis capitals of the fifteenth century of Upper Egypt, called the hare. The buildings in this archaeological site are exposed to many causes of destruction and damage. The remaining structures and granite free standing columns in this area are suffered from plenty of geo-environmental and geotechnical problems. The main objectives of this study are 1) to assess the current state of preservation of this important archaeological site, especially the basilica church with its free standing huge columns, 2) to analyze the different actions which cause the destruction of the archaeological site, in particular the old flash floods and earthquakes, and 3) to identify the geochemical and engineering properties of the construction materials of the granitic columns and other limestone structures of the basilica church by using different kind of sophisticated analytical and diagnostic tools and methods. The multi-criteria analysis allowed the integration of several elements for mapping the vulnerable zones. Results revealed that about 80% of the study area was exposed to high and medium old floods vulnerability because of the vicinity to the Nile River. The structural and non-structural measures recommended in this research will help the decision makers and planners to effectively develop strategies for future site management, intervention retrofitting and rehabilitation of this unique archaeological site.

Review on engineering two-dimensional nanomaterials for promoting efficiency and stability of perovskite solar cells

Perovskite solar cell(PSC) has gradually shown its great superiority in photovoltaic filed to compete commercial solar cells owing to its great advantages, such as high efficiency and low fabrication cost. On the way towards commercialization, great efforts have been achieved by accelerating charge extraction and reducing carrier recombination. Recently, two-dimensional(2 D) layered materials have attracted increasing interests for application in PSCs due to their distinctive chemical and physical properties, such as high carrier mobility and tunable bandgap, which greatly determines the perovskite film growth kinetics, carrier transfer and stability of PSCs. Therefore, with the aim to better understand their recent development and application in PSC, in this review, the emerging 2D materials beyond graphene as charge transport layers, buffer layers and additives in perovskite film for enhancing the efficiency and stability of PSCs are summarized. However, there are still some crucial challenges to be addressed for commercialization. Finally, the challenges and prospects of these 2D nanomaterials for application in PSCs are further proposed for future development.

Fuzzy Approach to the Selection of Material Data in Concurrent Engineering Environment

The selection of proper materials for a structural component is critical in engineering design. Existing design procedures may currently be sufficient, especially where experience exists, but fierce industrial competition is spurring the search for improved methods and tools. The main drivers are quality, life-cycle cost, and time-to-market. Improved design efficiency and accuracy may have an enormous impact on the economic viability of the final product. The use of computer-aided systems can assist the designer in selecting the ap- propriate material these may potentially reduce product cost and time-to-market while assisting the concur- rent engineering activities, thereby resolving problems related to materials presented during the initial phase of design. This paper focuses on specific issues such as material selection at early design stage. In this paper material selection algorithm is developed using fuzzy logic technique for selection of proper material from database as per design engineers’ criteria. The information obtained from the selection algorithm is ex- changed through a properly secured web page through pure internet communication to different users in the enterprise so that it can create concurrent engineering environment throughout the product life cycle.

Study on Interface Friction Model for Engineering Materials Testing on Split Hopkinson Pressure Bar Tests

Split Hopkinson pressure bar (SHPB) has become a frequently used technique to measure the uniaxial compressive stress-strain relation of various engineering materials at high strain-rates. The accuracy of an SHPB test is based on the assumption of uniaxial and uniform stress distribution within the specimen, which, however, is not always satisfied in an actual SHPB test due to the existence of some unavoidable negative factors, e.g., interface friction constrains. Kinetic interface friction tests based on a simple device for engineering materials testing on SHPB tests are performed. A kinetic interface friction model is proposed and validated by implementing it into a numerical model. It shows that the proposed simple device is sufficient to obtain kinetic interface friction results for common SHPB tests. The kinetic friction model should be used instead of the frequently used constant friction model for more accurate numerical simulation of SHPB tests.

Department of Metallurgy and Materials Engineering of Chongqing University

Chongqing University is located inChongqing City,Sichuan Province.Foundedoriginally in 1929,the university has sincethen greatly expanded in its scope ofeducation and organization.Now it becomesone of China’s key universities of scienceand engineering with 18 departments and38 specialities.In addition it has 20 researchinstitutes and about one hundred laboratories.The department of metallurgy and ma-terials engineering of Chongqing University

Research on Copyright Protection Method of Material Genome Engineering Data Based on Zero-Watermarking

In order to effectively solve the problem of copyright protection of materials genome engineering data,this paper proposes a method for copyright protection of materials genome engineering data based on zero-watermarking technology.First,the important attribute values are selected from the materials genome engineering database;then,use the method of remainder to group the selected attribute values and extract eigenvalues;then,the eigenvalues sequence is obtained by the majority election method;finally,XOR the sequence with the actual copyright information to obtain the watermarking information and store it in the third-party authentication center.When a copyright dispute requires copyright authentication for the database to be detected.First,the zero-watermarking construction algorithm is used to obtain an eigenvalues sequence;then,this sequence is XORed with the watermarking information stored in the third-party authentication center to obtain copyright information to-be-detected.Finally,the ownership is determined by calculating the similarity between copyright information to-be-detected and copyright information that has practical significance.The experimental result shows that the zero-watermarking method proposed in this paper can effectively resist various common attacks,and can well achieve the copyright protection of material genome engineering database.

Applications-Some Influences of Engineering Ideas on Biology Being the fifth in a series of essays on the materials of nature

Ideas from engineering have helped the understanding of biological organisms for thousands of years. However, the mechanical aspects of biological materials and structures can, if properly interpreted and analysed, lead to a deeper understanding of the biology of organisms. Such an approach, although always current in some form, is nevertheless subject to the vagaries of fashion and the availability of analytical techniques. At present we are in a period of upturn. Areas of interest are deployable structures （applications in aerospace）, palaeontology （how little do we need to know in order to create a credible biosphere） and food science （we need a rational approach to the mechanics of food）.