Objective:To compare Wuchereria bancrofti(W.bancrofti)infection rates of Culex quinquefasciatus,using dissection and PCR-EUSA in two consecutive time periods(from 2007to 2008 and from 2008 to 2009).Methods:Mosquitoes ...Objective:To compare Wuchereria bancrofti(W.bancrofti)infection rates of Culex quinquefasciatus,using dissection and PCR-EUSA in two consecutive time periods(from 2007to 2008 and from 2008 to 2009).Methods:Mosquitoes were collected in 30 sentinel and 15 nonsentinel sites in 15 Medical Officer of Health areas of Gampaha District known for the presence of W.bancrofti transmission in two consecutive time period of 2007 to 2008 and 2008 to 2009.Captured mosquitoes were dissected to determine the W.bancrofti larvae(L_1 L_2,L_3,).PCR was carried out using DNA extracted from mosquito pools(15 body parts/pool)utilizing the primers specific for Wb-Sspl repeat.PCR products were analyzed by hybridization ELISA using fluorescein-labeled wild type specific probes.The prevalence of infected/infective mosquiloes in PCR pools(3 pools/site)was estimated using the PoolSereen^(TM)algorithm and a novel probability—based method.Results:Of 45 batches of mosquitoes dissected,W.bancrofti infected mosquitoes were found in19 and 13 batches,with an infection rate of 13.29%and 3.10%with mean larval density of 8.7 and1.0 larvae per mosquito for two study periods in the Gampaha District.Total of 405 pools of head,thorax and abdomen were processed by PCR-EUSA for each year.Of these,51 and 31 pools were positive for W.bancrofti in the two study periods respectively.The association of dissection based prevalence rates with PCR based rates as determined by the Pearson correlation coefficient were0.176 and 0.890 respectively for the two periods.Conclusions:Data indicate that PCR-EUSA is more sensitive than the traditional dissection techniques for monitoring transmission intensity.展开更多
The study reports the prevalence of bancroftiasis in three Local Government Areas (LGAs) of Taraba State, Nigeria. Night blood samples collected from one thousand and thirty one individuals were stained with haematoxy...The study reports the prevalence of bancroftiasis in three Local Government Areas (LGAs) of Taraba State, Nigeria. Night blood samples collected from one thousand and thirty one individuals were stained with haematoxylin and examined microscopically for the presence of Wu-chereria bancrofti. The overall prevalence of infection in the study area was high (21.2%) but mean microfilaria densities were generally low. Statistically, prevalence rate differed significantly (χ2d.f.2 = 10.498;P χ2d.f.1 = 1.385;P > 0.05) between sexes. Infection also did not statistically differ between age groups (χ2d.f.5 = 13.219;P > 0.05) even though infection rate increased steadily with age and reaching a peak at the 40 - 49 year age group. Lymphoe-dema was the commonest (M = 12.4%, F = 19.2%) clinical manifestation of bancroftian morbidity encountered in the survey. Overall, the findings indicate that bancroftian filariasis is a public health problem in Taraba state and there is an urgent need to establish an elimination programme with a view of halting transmission in the area.展开更多
There are two species of filarial parasites with sheathless microfilariae known to commonly cause parasitaemias in humans:Mansonella perstans and Mtinsonella ozzardi.In most contemporary accounts of the distribution o...There are two species of filarial parasites with sheathless microfilariae known to commonly cause parasitaemias in humans:Mansonella perstans and Mtinsonella ozzardi.In most contemporary accounts of the distribution of these parasites,neither is usually considered to occur anywhere in the Eastern Hemisphere.However,Sir Patrick Manson,who first described both parasite species,recorded the existence of sheathless sharp-tailed Mansonella ozzardilike parasites occurring in the blood of natives from New Guinea in each and every version of his manual for tropical disease that he wrote before his death in 1922.Manson's reports were based on his own identifications and were made from at least two independent blood sample collections that were taken from the island.Pacific region Mansonella perstans parasitaemias were also later(in 1923) reported to occur in New Guinea and once before this(in 1905) in Fiji.Although Mansonella-parasilaernias are generally regarded as benign,they are thought to be of public health importance because they can affect the epidemiological monitoring of other filarial diseases.In this article,we reviewed the historic literature concerning Pacific-origin Mansonella-parasitaemias in an attempt to explain how,despite repeated reports of Pacificregion Mansonella-parasilaemias,by as early as the 1970 s,the WHO had arrived at the presentday view that Wuchereria bancrofti is the only cause of filarial parasitaemias in Papua New Guinea.We have also evaluated the evidence supporting the contemporary existence of Pacificarea parasitaemia-causing Mansonella parasites and assessed the relevance such parasites could have for present-day lymphatic filariasis elimination efforts in the region.展开更多
<strong>Objective:</strong> To study the value of the filarial dance sign as a diagnostic sign in scrotal ultrasonography in human Bancroftian filariasis. <strong>Methods:</strong> We studied 3...<strong>Objective:</strong> To study the value of the filarial dance sign as a diagnostic sign in scrotal ultrasonography in human Bancroftian filariasis. <strong>Methods:</strong> We studied 3 patients with scrotal pain, with high-resolution ultrasonography (HRUS) of scrotum including power and color Doppler study. All patients underwent peripheral blood smear. <strong>Results:</strong> Multiple cystic spaces containing motile echogenic twisted tubular structures were observed in the 3 patients. Peripheral blood smears in the 3 patients confirmed the presence of microfilaria. Mild hydrocele in two patients. <strong>Conclusions:</strong> HRUS is a useful technique for diagnosing scrotal filariasis in symptomatic patients and is very useful in the follow-up treatment.展开更多
基金Supported by the WHO/SEARO/TDR(Grant No.SN 1152)University of Kelaniya(Research Grant No.RP/03/04/06/01/2006)
文摘Objective:To compare Wuchereria bancrofti(W.bancrofti)infection rates of Culex quinquefasciatus,using dissection and PCR-EUSA in two consecutive time periods(from 2007to 2008 and from 2008 to 2009).Methods:Mosquitoes were collected in 30 sentinel and 15 nonsentinel sites in 15 Medical Officer of Health areas of Gampaha District known for the presence of W.bancrofti transmission in two consecutive time period of 2007 to 2008 and 2008 to 2009.Captured mosquitoes were dissected to determine the W.bancrofti larvae(L_1 L_2,L_3,).PCR was carried out using DNA extracted from mosquito pools(15 body parts/pool)utilizing the primers specific for Wb-Sspl repeat.PCR products were analyzed by hybridization ELISA using fluorescein-labeled wild type specific probes.The prevalence of infected/infective mosquiloes in PCR pools(3 pools/site)was estimated using the PoolSereen^(TM)algorithm and a novel probability—based method.Results:Of 45 batches of mosquitoes dissected,W.bancrofti infected mosquitoes were found in19 and 13 batches,with an infection rate of 13.29%and 3.10%with mean larval density of 8.7 and1.0 larvae per mosquito for two study periods in the Gampaha District.Total of 405 pools of head,thorax and abdomen were processed by PCR-EUSA for each year.Of these,51 and 31 pools were positive for W.bancrofti in the two study periods respectively.The association of dissection based prevalence rates with PCR based rates as determined by the Pearson correlation coefficient were0.176 and 0.890 respectively for the two periods.Conclusions:Data indicate that PCR-EUSA is more sensitive than the traditional dissection techniques for monitoring transmission intensity.
文摘The study reports the prevalence of bancroftiasis in three Local Government Areas (LGAs) of Taraba State, Nigeria. Night blood samples collected from one thousand and thirty one individuals were stained with haematoxylin and examined microscopically for the presence of Wu-chereria bancrofti. The overall prevalence of infection in the study area was high (21.2%) but mean microfilaria densities were generally low. Statistically, prevalence rate differed significantly (χ2d.f.2 = 10.498;P χ2d.f.1 = 1.385;P > 0.05) between sexes. Infection also did not statistically differ between age groups (χ2d.f.5 = 13.219;P > 0.05) even though infection rate increased steadily with age and reaching a peak at the 40 - 49 year age group. Lymphoe-dema was the commonest (M = 12.4%, F = 19.2%) clinical manifestation of bancroftian morbidity encountered in the survey. Overall, the findings indicate that bancroftian filariasis is a public health problem in Taraba state and there is an urgent need to establish an elimination programme with a view of halting transmission in the area.
文摘There are two species of filarial parasites with sheathless microfilariae known to commonly cause parasitaemias in humans:Mansonella perstans and Mtinsonella ozzardi.In most contemporary accounts of the distribution of these parasites,neither is usually considered to occur anywhere in the Eastern Hemisphere.However,Sir Patrick Manson,who first described both parasite species,recorded the existence of sheathless sharp-tailed Mansonella ozzardilike parasites occurring in the blood of natives from New Guinea in each and every version of his manual for tropical disease that he wrote before his death in 1922.Manson's reports were based on his own identifications and were made from at least two independent blood sample collections that were taken from the island.Pacific region Mansonella perstans parasitaemias were also later(in 1923) reported to occur in New Guinea and once before this(in 1905) in Fiji.Although Mansonella-parasilaernias are generally regarded as benign,they are thought to be of public health importance because they can affect the epidemiological monitoring of other filarial diseases.In this article,we reviewed the historic literature concerning Pacific-origin Mansonella-parasitaemias in an attempt to explain how,despite repeated reports of Pacificregion Mansonella-parasilaemias,by as early as the 1970 s,the WHO had arrived at the presentday view that Wuchereria bancrofti is the only cause of filarial parasitaemias in Papua New Guinea.We have also evaluated the evidence supporting the contemporary existence of Pacificarea parasitaemia-causing Mansonella parasites and assessed the relevance such parasites could have for present-day lymphatic filariasis elimination efforts in the region.
文摘<strong>Objective:</strong> To study the value of the filarial dance sign as a diagnostic sign in scrotal ultrasonography in human Bancroftian filariasis. <strong>Methods:</strong> We studied 3 patients with scrotal pain, with high-resolution ultrasonography (HRUS) of scrotum including power and color Doppler study. All patients underwent peripheral blood smear. <strong>Results:</strong> Multiple cystic spaces containing motile echogenic twisted tubular structures were observed in the 3 patients. Peripheral blood smears in the 3 patients confirmed the presence of microfilaria. Mild hydrocele in two patients. <strong>Conclusions:</strong> HRUS is a useful technique for diagnosing scrotal filariasis in symptomatic patients and is very useful in the follow-up treatment.
