In metal-gate/high-k stacks adopted by the 45 nm technology node, the fiat-band voltage （Vfb） shift remains one of the most critical challenges, particularly the flat-band voltage roll-off （Vfb roll-off） phenomeno...In metal-gate/high-k stacks adopted by the 45 nm technology node, the fiat-band voltage （Vfb） shift remains one of the most critical challenges, particularly the flat-band voltage roll-off （Vfb roll-off） phenomenon in p-channel metal- oxide-semiconductor （pMOS） devices with an ultrathin oxide layer. In this paper, recent progress on the investigation of the Vfb shift and the origin of the Vfb roll-off in the metal-gate/high-k pMOS stacks are reviewed. Methods that can alleviate the Vfb shift phenomenon are summarized and the future research trend is described.展开更多
A theoretical model of flatband voltage （VFB） of metal/high-k/Si02/Si stack is proposed based on band alignment of entire gate stack, i.e., the VFB is obtained by simultaneously considering band alignments of metal/...A theoretical model of flatband voltage （VFB） of metal/high-k/Si02/Si stack is proposed based on band alignment of entire gate stack, i.e., the VFB is obtained by simultaneously considering band alignments of metal/high-k, high-k/SiO2 and SiO2/Si interfaces, and their interactions. Then the VFB of TiN/HfO2/SiO2/Si stack is experimentally obtained and theoretically investigated by this model. The theoretical calculations are in good agreement with the experimental results. Furthermore, both positive VFB shift of TiN/HfO2/SiO2/Si stack and Fermi level pinning are successfully interpreted and attributed to the dielectric contact induced gap states at TiN/HfO2 and HfO2/SiO2 interfaces.展开更多
A novel unsymmetrical fluorescein derivative substituted by chlorine and naphthol, 2 '-chloroseminaphthofluorescein, was prepared by the two-step synthetic method. This method can effectively control the reactive ...A novel unsymmetrical fluorescein derivative substituted by chlorine and naphthol, 2 '-chloroseminaphthofluorescein, was prepared by the two-step synthetic method. This method can effectively control the reactive process,so the pure unsymmetrical fluorescein derivative can be obtained in high yield. The new fluorophore exhibited dual absorption bands,dual excitation bands and dual emission bands with long-wavelength,selectively exciting the acidic and basic forms of the fluorophore. Compared with the similar symmetrical fluorescein derivatives such as 2 ', 7 '-dichlorofluorescein and dinaphtofluorescein, this fluorophore was found to have larger Stokes shift,especially in the basic form. Based on the properties above,this unsymmetrical fluorescein derivative is expected as a good fluorescent probe to be used where the interference exists due to the presence of endogenous fluorescers.展开更多
To solve the inter carrier interference （ICI） elimination problem of an M-band wavelet multi-carrier modulation system, this paper analyzes the principle of the ICI caused by the Doppler frequency shift and its math...To solve the inter carrier interference （ICI） elimination problem of an M-band wavelet multi-carrier modulation system, this paper analyzes the principle of the ICI caused by the Doppler frequency shift and its mathematical expression based on the M-band wavelet multi-carrier modulation system model. Through the analysis of the mathematical expression and combining with the perfect reconstruction conditions of the filter banks, we propose the design conditions of an M-band filter to reduce and eliminate the ICI. The impulse response model of the filter design conditions and an iterative algorithm is also established. The simulation results show that the proposed ICI reduction and elimination methods can effectively improve the system performance.展开更多
为了探究三频信标反演高精度电离层电子浓度总含量(total electron content, TEC)的理论过程并分析不同观测误差对反演精度产生的影响,通过仿真卫星信号多普勒频移的方法来进行三频信标技术反演TEC的研究.通过已知的卫星轨道坐标、接收...为了探究三频信标反演高精度电离层电子浓度总含量(total electron content, TEC)的理论过程并分析不同观测误差对反演精度产生的影响,通过仿真卫星信号多普勒频移的方法来进行三频信标技术反演TEC的研究.通过已知的卫星轨道坐标、接收站坐标、卫星高度角与电离层背景信息,利用信号传播规律,仿真得到信号传播过程中的多普勒频移信息,解算出相对TEC;再利用多站法估计相位积分常数,解算双频绝对TEC;而后利用多普勒相移小数部分与三频相位积分常数结合,解算高精度三频TEC.将反演的三频TEC值与先验背景电离层TEC值进行比对,在6°观测误差的情况下,三频反演的TEC差值相对平均值在4.5%以内,相对RMS在6%以内,结果表明三频信标技术可以有效提高TEC反演精度.展开更多
This paper analyses frequency tracking characteristics of a complex-coefficient adaptive infinite-impulse response (IIR) notch filter used for suppression of narrow-band interference (NBI) with a randomly-varying freq...This paper analyses frequency tracking characteristics of a complex-coefficient adaptive infinite-impulse response (IIR) notch filter used for suppression of narrow-band interference (NBI) with a randomly-varying frequency in a quadriphase shift keying (QPSK) modulated direct-sequence code-division multiple-access (DS-CDMA) communication system. The QPSK DS-CDMA signals are transmitted over a frequency non-selective Rayleigh fading channel. The analysis is based on a first-order real-coefficient difference equation with respect to steady-state instantaneous frequency tracking error from which a closed-form expression that relates frequency tracking mean square error (MSE) with number of DS-CDMA active users and NBI power is obtained. Closed-form expressions for optimum notch bandwidth coefficient and step size constant that minimize the frequency tracking MSE are also derived. Computer simulations are included to substantiate the accuracy of the analyses.展开更多
非线性随机共振系统能够有效利用噪声能量增强微弱周期信号,可用于强噪声背景下的微弱通信信号检测。本文提出基于人工鱼群算法的自适应随机共振方法处理相移键控(PSK)信号,分别从算法应用于参数估计、应用于降低检测信噪比门限、应用...非线性随机共振系统能够有效利用噪声能量增强微弱周期信号,可用于强噪声背景下的微弱通信信号检测。本文提出基于人工鱼群算法的自适应随机共振方法处理相移键控(PSK)信号,分别从算法应用于参数估计、应用于降低检测信噪比门限、应用于提高带内信噪比三个角度分析算法对PSK信号检测性能带来的提升,阐述了采样率在窄带PSK信号参数估计的随机共振中的作用。理论分析和仿真结果表明,对比传统谱线法其能够明显提升PSK信号参数估计性能,将参数估计信噪比门限降低3~6 d B,并具有良好的收敛性能。此外,验证随机共振直接处理窄带周期信号没有实际提升效果。展开更多
基金Project supported by the National Natural Science Foundation of China (Grants Nos.50802005 and 11074020)the Program for New Century Excellent Talents in University,China (Grant No.NCET-08-0029)+1 种基金the Ph.D.Program Foundation of Ministry of Education of China (Grant No.200800061055)the Hong Kong Research Grants Council General Research Funds,China (Grant No.CityU112608)
文摘In metal-gate/high-k stacks adopted by the 45 nm technology node, the fiat-band voltage （Vfb） shift remains one of the most critical challenges, particularly the flat-band voltage roll-off （Vfb roll-off） phenomenon in p-channel metal- oxide-semiconductor （pMOS） devices with an ultrathin oxide layer. In this paper, recent progress on the investigation of the Vfb shift and the origin of the Vfb roll-off in the metal-gate/high-k pMOS stacks are reviewed. Methods that can alleviate the Vfb shift phenomenon are summarized and the future research trend is described.
基金supported by the National Natural Science of China(Grant Nos.61176091 and 50932001)
文摘A theoretical model of flatband voltage （VFB） of metal/high-k/Si02/Si stack is proposed based on band alignment of entire gate stack, i.e., the VFB is obtained by simultaneously considering band alignments of metal/high-k, high-k/SiO2 and SiO2/Si interfaces, and their interactions. Then the VFB of TiN/HfO2/SiO2/Si stack is experimentally obtained and theoretically investigated by this model. The theoretical calculations are in good agreement with the experimental results. Furthermore, both positive VFB shift of TiN/HfO2/SiO2/Si stack and Fermi level pinning are successfully interpreted and attributed to the dielectric contact induced gap states at TiN/HfO2 and HfO2/SiO2 interfaces.
基金National Natural Science Foundations of China(Nos.51203018,21171034)the Fundamental Research Funds for the Central Universities,China(No.2232015D3-14)
文摘A novel unsymmetrical fluorescein derivative substituted by chlorine and naphthol, 2 '-chloroseminaphthofluorescein, was prepared by the two-step synthetic method. This method can effectively control the reactive process,so the pure unsymmetrical fluorescein derivative can be obtained in high yield. The new fluorophore exhibited dual absorption bands,dual excitation bands and dual emission bands with long-wavelength,selectively exciting the acidic and basic forms of the fluorophore. Compared with the similar symmetrical fluorescein derivatives such as 2 ', 7 '-dichlorofluorescein and dinaphtofluorescein, this fluorophore was found to have larger Stokes shift,especially in the basic form. Based on the properties above,this unsymmetrical fluorescein derivative is expected as a good fluorescent probe to be used where the interference exists due to the presence of endogenous fluorescers.
基金supported by the National Natural Science Foundation of China (Grant No.60872114)
文摘To solve the inter carrier interference （ICI） elimination problem of an M-band wavelet multi-carrier modulation system, this paper analyzes the principle of the ICI caused by the Doppler frequency shift and its mathematical expression based on the M-band wavelet multi-carrier modulation system model. Through the analysis of the mathematical expression and combining with the perfect reconstruction conditions of the filter banks, we propose the design conditions of an M-band filter to reduce and eliminate the ICI. The impulse response model of the filter design conditions and an iterative algorithm is also established. The simulation results show that the proposed ICI reduction and elimination methods can effectively improve the system performance.
文摘为了探究三频信标反演高精度电离层电子浓度总含量(total electron content, TEC)的理论过程并分析不同观测误差对反演精度产生的影响,通过仿真卫星信号多普勒频移的方法来进行三频信标技术反演TEC的研究.通过已知的卫星轨道坐标、接收站坐标、卫星高度角与电离层背景信息,利用信号传播规律,仿真得到信号传播过程中的多普勒频移信息,解算出相对TEC;再利用多站法估计相位积分常数,解算双频绝对TEC;而后利用多普勒相移小数部分与三频相位积分常数结合,解算高精度三频TEC.将反演的三频TEC值与先验背景电离层TEC值进行比对,在6°观测误差的情况下,三频反演的TEC差值相对平均值在4.5%以内,相对RMS在6%以内,结果表明三频信标技术可以有效提高TEC反演精度.
文摘This paper analyses frequency tracking characteristics of a complex-coefficient adaptive infinite-impulse response (IIR) notch filter used for suppression of narrow-band interference (NBI) with a randomly-varying frequency in a quadriphase shift keying (QPSK) modulated direct-sequence code-division multiple-access (DS-CDMA) communication system. The QPSK DS-CDMA signals are transmitted over a frequency non-selective Rayleigh fading channel. The analysis is based on a first-order real-coefficient difference equation with respect to steady-state instantaneous frequency tracking error from which a closed-form expression that relates frequency tracking mean square error (MSE) with number of DS-CDMA active users and NBI power is obtained. Closed-form expressions for optimum notch bandwidth coefficient and step size constant that minimize the frequency tracking MSE are also derived. Computer simulations are included to substantiate the accuracy of the analyses.
文摘非线性随机共振系统能够有效利用噪声能量增强微弱周期信号,可用于强噪声背景下的微弱通信信号检测。本文提出基于人工鱼群算法的自适应随机共振方法处理相移键控(PSK)信号,分别从算法应用于参数估计、应用于降低检测信噪比门限、应用于提高带内信噪比三个角度分析算法对PSK信号检测性能带来的提升,阐述了采样率在窄带PSK信号参数估计的随机共振中的作用。理论分析和仿真结果表明,对比传统谱线法其能够明显提升PSK信号参数估计性能,将参数估计信噪比门限降低3~6 d B,并具有良好的收敛性能。此外,验证随机共振直接处理窄带周期信号没有实际提升效果。
