Prediction of Bandwidth of Metamaterial Antenna Using Pearson Kernel-Based Techniques

The use of metamaterial enhances the performance of a specific class of antennas known as metamaterial antennas.The radiation cost and quality factor of the antenna are influenced by the size of the antenna.Metamaterial antennas allow for the circumvention of the bandwidth restriction for small antennas.Antenna parameters have recently been predicted using machine learning algorithms in existing literature.Machine learning can take the place of the manual process of experimenting to find the ideal simulated antenna parameters.The accuracy of the prediction will be primarily dependent on the model that is used.In this paper,a novel method for forecasting the bandwidth of the metamaterial antenna is proposed,based on using the Pearson Kernel as a standard kernel.Along with these new approaches,this paper suggests a unique hypersphere-based normalization to normalize the values of the dataset attributes and a dimensionality reduction method based on the Pearson kernel to reduce the dimension.A novel algorithm for optimizing the parameters of Convolutional Neural Network(CNN)based on improved Bat Algorithm-based Optimization with Pearson Mutation(BAO-PM)is also presented in this work.The prediction results of the proposed work are better when compared to the existing models in the literature.

5G BWP基带信号低延时产生技术研究

针对5G系统大带宽下采用频域插值和时域插值方法实现带有循环前缀的正交频分复用(Cyclic Prefix Orthogonal Frequency Division Multiplexing,CP-OFDM)调制带来的高时延问题,提出了一种满足5G系统低时延要求的宽带(Bandwidth Part,BWP)基带信号产生方法。该方法采用CP直接输出预处理技术,可提前一个符号时间输出5G基带信号,采用时域速率匹配技术可大幅度地降低基带处理时延,满足5G系统对宽带滤波器组多载波技术(Filter-Bank MultiCarrier,FBMC)信号产生的高速率、低时延的要求,可用于5G系统物理层信号发生单元,以及5G测试的终端模拟器中。

Achieving Ultra-Broad Microwave Absorption Bandwidth Around Millimeter-Wave Atmospheric Window Through an Intentional Manipulation on Multi-Magnetic Resonance Behavior

The utilization of electromagnetic waves is rapidly advancing into the millimeter-wave frequency range,posing increasingly severe challenges in terms of electromagnetic pollution prevention and radar stealth.However,existing millimeter-wave absorbers are still inadequate in addressing these issues due to their monotonous magnetic resonance pattern.In this work,rare-earth La^(3+)and non-magnetic Zr^(4+)ions are simultaneously incorporated into M-type barium ferrite(BaM)to intentionally manipulate the multi-magnetic resonance behavior.By leveraging the contrary impact of La^(3+)and Zr^(4+)ions on magnetocrystalline anisotropy field,the restrictive relationship between intensity and frequency of the multi-magnetic resonance is successfully eliminated.The magnetic resonance peak-differentiating and imitating results confirm that significant multi-magnetic resonance phenomenon emerges around 35 GHz due to the reinforced exchange coupling effect between Fe^(3+)and Fe^(2+)ions.Additionally,Mosbauer spectra analysis,first-principle calculations,and least square fitting collectively identify that additional La^(3+)doping leads to a profound rearrangement of Zr^(4+)occupation and thus makes the portion of polarization/conduction loss increase gradually.As a consequence,the La^(3+)-Zr^(4+)co-doped BaM achieves an ultra-broad bandwidth of 12.5+GHz covering from 27.5 to 40+GHz,which holds remarkable potential for millimeter-wave absorbers around the atmospheric window of 35 GHz.

An extended state observer with adjustable bandwidth for measurement noise

In this paper,a bandwidth-adjustable extended state observer(ABESO)is proposed for the systems with measurement noise.It is known that increasing the bandwidth of the observer improves the tracking speed but tolerates noise,which conflicts with observation accuracy.Therefore,we introduce a bandwidth scaling factor such that ABESO is formulated to a 2-degree-of-freedom system.The observer gain is determined and the bandwidth scaling factor adjusts the bandwidth according to the tracking error.When the tracking error decreases,the bandwidth decreases to suppress the noise,otherwise the bandwidth does not change.It is proven that the error dynamics are bounded and converge in finite time.The relationship between the upper bound of the estimation error and the scaling factor is given.When the scaling factor is less than 1,the ABESO has higher estimation accuracy than the linear extended state observer(LESO).Simulations of an uncertain nonlinear system with compound disturbances show that the proposed ABESO can successfully estimate the total disturbance in noisy environments.The mean error of total disturbance of ABESO is 15.28% lower than that of LESO.

Bandwidth adaption for kernel particle filter

A novel particle filter bandwidth adaption for kernel particle filter （BAKPF） is proposed. Selection of the kernel bandwidth is a critical issue in kernel density estimation （KDE）. The plug-in method is adopted to get the global fixed bandwidth by optimizing the asymptotic mean integrated squared error （AMISE） firstly. Then, particle-driven bandwidth selection is invoked in the KDE. To get a more effective allocation of the particles, the KDE with adap- tive bandwidth in the BAKPF is used to approximate the posterior probability density function （PDF） by moving particles toward the posterior. A closed-form expression of the true distribution is given. The simulation results show that the proposed BAKPF performs better than the standard particle filter （PF）, unscented particle filter （UPF） and the kernel particle filter （KPF） both in efficiency and estimation precision.

Improved Algorithm of Variable Bandwidth Kernel Particle Filter

Aiming at the large cost of calculating variable bandwidth kernel particle filter and the high complexity of its algorithm,a self-adjusting kernel function particle filter is presented. Kernel density estimation is facilitated to iterate and obtain new particle set. And the standard deviation of particle is introduced in the kernel bandwidth. According to the characteristics of particle distribution,the bandwidth is dynamically adjusted,and the particle distribution can thus be more close to the posterior probability density model of the system. Meanwhile,the kernel density is used to estimate the weight of updating particle and the system state. The simulation results show the feasibility and effectiveness of the proposed algorithm.

Minimizing Age of Information in the Uplink Multi-User Networks via Dynamic Bandwidth Allocation

Improving the information freshness is critical for the monitoring and controlling applications in the cellular Internet of Things(IoT).In this paper,we are interested in optimizing the bandwidth allocation dynamically to improve the information freshness of the short packet based uplink status updates,which is characterized by a recently proposed metric,age of information(Ao I).We first design a status update scheme with channel distribution information(CDI).By relaxing the hard bandwidth constraint and introducing a Lagrangian multiplier,we first decouple the multi-MTCD bandwidth allocation problem into a single MTCD Markov decision process(MDP).Under the MDP framework,after variable substitution,we obtain the single-MTCD status update scheme by solving a linear programming problem.Then,we adjust the Lagrangian multiplier to make the obtained scheme satisfy the relaxed bandwidth constraint.Finally,a greedy policy is built on the proposed scheme to adjust the bandwidth allocation in each slot to satisfy the hard bandwidth constraint.In the unknown environment without CDI,we further design a bandwidth allocation scheme which only maximizes the expected sum Ao I drop within each time slot.Simulation results show that in terms of AoI,the proposed schemes outperform the benchmark schemes.

Initiating Binary Metal Oxides Microcubes Electromagnetic Wave Absorber Toward Ultrabroad Absorption Bandwidth Through Interfacial and Defects Modulation

Cobalt nickel bimetallic oxides(NiCo_(2)O_(4))have received numerous attentions in terms of their controllable morphology,high temperature,corrosion resistance and strong electromagnetic wave(EMW)absorption capability.However,broadening the absorption bandwidth is still a huge challenge for NiCo_(2)O_(4)-based absorbers.Herein,the unique NiCo_(2)O_(4)@C core-shell microcubes with hollow structures were fabricated via a facile sacrificial template strategy.The concentration of oxygen vacancies and morphologies of the three-dimensional(3D)cubic hollow core-shell NiCo_(2)O_(4)@C framework were effectively optimized by adjusting the calcination temperature.The specially designed 3D framework structure facilitated the multiple reflections of incident electromagnetic waves and provided rich interfaces between multiple components,generating significant interfacial polarization losses.Dipole polarizations induced by oxygen vacancies could further enhance the attenuation ability for the incident EM waves.The optimized NiCo_(2)O_(4)@C hollow microcubes exhibit superior EMW absorption capability with minimum RL(RLmin)of-84.45 dB at 8.4 GHz for the thickness of 3.0 mm.Moreover,ultrabroad effective absorption bandwidth(EAB)as large as 12.48 GHz(5.52-18 GHz)is obtained.This work is believed to illuminate the path to synthesis of high-performance cobalt nickel bimetallic oxides for EMW absorbers with excellent EMW absorption capability,especially in broadening effective absorption bandwidth.

Planar InAlAs/InGaAs avalanche photodiode with 360 GHz gain×bandwidth product

This paper describes a guardring-free planar InAlAs/InGaAs avalanche photodiode(APD)by computational simulations and experimental results.The APD adopts the structure of separate absorption,charge,and multiplication(SACM)with top-illuminated.Computational simulations demonstrate how edge breakdown effect is suppressed in the guardringfree structure.The fabricated APD experiment results show that it can obtain a very low dark current while achieving a high gain×bandwidth(GB)product.The dark current is 3 nA at 0.9Vb r,and the unit responsivity is 0.4 A/W.The maximum3 dB bandwidth of 24 GHz and a GB product of 360 GHz are achieved for the fabricated APD operating at 1.55μm.

Design of a photonic crystal fiber polarization beam splitter with simple structure and ultra-wide bandwidth

A novel polarization beam splitter(PBS)based on dual-core photonic crystal fiber(DC-PCF)is proposed in this work.The proposed DC-PCF PBS contains two kinds of lattices and three kinds of air holes to form the asymmetrical elliptic dual-core structure.By using the full-vector finite element method,the propagation characteristics of the proposed DC-PCF PBS are investigated.The simulation results show that the bandwidth of the proposed DC-PCF PBS can reach to 340 nm,which covers the S+C+L+U communication bands,the shortest splitting length is 1.97 mm,and the maximum extinction ratio appears near wavelength 1550 nm.Moreover,the insertion loss of the proposed DC-PCF PBS is very low.It is believed that the proposed DC-PCF PBS has important applications in the field of all-optical communication and network.

Temporal Convolutional Network for Speech Bandwidth Extension

In the field of speech bandwidth exten-sion,it is difficult to achieve high speech quality based on the shallow statistical model method.Although the application of deep learning has greatly improved the extended speech quality,the high model complex-ity makes it infeasible to run on the client.In order to tackle these issues,this paper proposes an end-to-end speech bandwidth extension method based on a temporal convolutional neural network,which greatly reduces the complexity of the model.In addition,a new time-frequency loss function is designed to en-able narrowband speech to acquire a more accurate wideband mapping in the time domain and the fre-quency domain.The experimental results show that the reconstructed wideband speech generated by the proposed method is superior to the traditional heuris-tic rule based approaches and the conventional neu-ral network methods for both subjective and objective evaluation.

Microwave absorption and bandwidth study of Y_(2)Co_(17)rare earth soft magnetic alloy with easy-plane anisotropy

The easy-plane anisotropy of the Y_(2)Co_(17)rare earth soft magnetic alloy has high saturation magnetization and operating frequency,and good impedance matching.Therefore,it is expected to become a kind of high-performance microwave absorbing material.In this paper,Y_(2)Co_(17)alloy was prepared by a reduction-diffusion method,and its micropowder was prepared as polyurethane(PU)based composite absorbing materials(Y_(2)Co_(17)/PU composites).The microwave properties of composites with different volume fractions were calculated.The composites showed outstanding absorption characteristics in the range of 20-30 vol%,and the minimum reflection loss(RL)was less than-50 d B.When the volume fraction was25%,the effective absorption bandwidth could cover the X-band at a thickness of 1.5 mm,and the Ku-band at a thickness of1.08 mm.The absorption mechanism was analyzed by the interface reflection model.The RL absorption peak bandwidth mechanism was discussed by using the amplitude relation and calculating the effective absorption bandwidth at different thicknesses.The effective absorption bandwidth values were in good agreement with the theoretical expectation.

Enhancing Bandwidth Utilization of IP Telephony Over IPv6 Networks

The demand for the telecommunication services,such as IP telephony,has increased dramatically during the COVID-19 pandemic lockdown.IP tele-phony should be enhanced to provide the expected quality.One of the issues that should be investigated in IP telephony is bandwidth utilization.IP telephony pro-duces very small speech samples attached to a large packet header.The header of the IP telephony consumes a considerable share of the bandwidth allotted to the IP telephony.This wastes the network's bandwidth and influences the IP telephony quality.This paper proposes a mechanism(called Smallerize)that reduces the bandwidth consumed by both the speech sample and the header.This is achieved by assembling numerous IP telephony packets in one header and use the header'sfields to carry the speech sample.Several metrics have been used to measure the achievement Smallerize mechanism.The number of calls has been increased by 245.1%compared to the typical mechanism.The bandwidth saving has also reached 68%with the G.28 codec.Therefore,Smallerize is a possible mechanism to enhance bandwidth utilization of the IP telephony.

5G部分带宽(BWP)的研究与应用

由于5G的带宽较大,如果UE实时进行全带宽的检测和维护,对终端的能耗将带来极大挑战。在很多情况下,5G终端无需使用大带宽,因此5G NR引入Bandwidth Part(BWP)概念,它允许某些UE使用大带宽的一些子集来工作,完整实现5G应有的功能特性,以起到降低设备功耗的作用。文章介绍了BWP的基本概念、BWP配置方法、BWP切换机制以及UE支持BWP情况。通过研究,BWP具有更灵活的带宽支持,可以降低UE功耗、实现UE配置快速更改等功能。随着5G产业链的不断成熟,在实际网络中如何使用BWP对重耕低频5G发挥FDD NR优势至关重要。

Efficient Bandwidth Allocation and Computation Configuration in Industrial IoT

With the advancement of the Industrial Internet of Things(IoT),the rapidly growing demand for data collection and processing poses a huge challenge to the design of data transmission and computation resources in the industrial scenario.Taking advantage of improved model accuracy by machine learning algorithms,we investigate the inner relationship of system performance and data transmission and computation resources,and then analyze the impacts of bandwidth allocation and computation resources on the accuracy of the system model in this paper.A joint bandwidth allocation and computation resource configuration scheme is proposed and the Karush-Kuhn-Tucker(KKT)conditions are used to get an optimal bandwidth allocation and computation configuration decision,which can minimize the total computation resource requirement and ensure the system accuracy meets the industrial requirements.Simulation results show that the proposed bandwidth allocation and computation resource configuration scheme can reduce the computing resource usage by 10%when compared to the average allocation strategy.

Effects of Physical Parameters and Time-Delay Coefficients on the Amplitude and Frequency Bandwidth of Saturation Controller for a Beam Vibration

In this paper, the influence of physical parameters on the width of saturated control frequency band and the influence of time delay parameters on the stability of saturated control system are studied. The analytical solution of the motion equation of the system when the main resonance and the 1:2 internal resonance occur simultaneously is obtained by multiple scale method, experimentally measured natural frequencies of nonlinear beams. The effects of excitation amplitude, delay feedback coefficients and nonlinear coefficients on saturation control are investigated. The results of the study show that the bandwidth of the saturation control can be increased by increasing the value of the external excitation, the nonlinear coefficients enhance the nonlinear phenomena of the system.

5G系统BWP功能配置和资源调度研究

5G系统引入部分带宽(Bandwidth Part,BWP)的概念,在系统信道带宽内配置的一组连续资源块上,实现5G完整的功能特性。BWP的引入带来灵活适配业务类型、适配不支持大带宽终端和省电节能优势的同时,也增加了系统配置和资源调度的复杂度,需要消耗一定的无线控制资源和公共资源。提供了一种资源配置方法,旨在最大限度复用多个BWP的控制资源和公共资源,提升小区频谱效率。深入分析多个BWP小区的资源调度需求,给出了一种满足多BWP小区配置需求同时可以充分利用时频资源的调度方法。

考虑车流速度分布扰动的干道绿波最大带宽协调控制

城市车辆速度受多种因素影响呈现某种分布,鲁棒的干道协调控制模型应考虑不同速度下的车辆带宽需求。针对速度波动变化干道传统协调控制方法适用性差的问题,分析了带干扰的干道车辆速度时空分布特征,以推荐速度带宽最大与期望带宽最大为目标,提出了考虑车流速度分布扰动的干道绿波最大带宽协调控制方法。针对佛山市同济路4交叉口干道,速度分布扰动干道协调方法能够提供更符合车辆分布特性的协调方案,比Maxband模型和改进的Maxband模型提升约70%和14%的期望带宽。研究结果表明:笔者方法能够降低Maxband模型平均停车次数25%,平均延误45%和平均排队长度17%;针对不同速度期望和方差情况下的灵敏度分析实验表明,该方法能够为干道提供更具有鲁棒性的干道协调控制方案。

基于数据传输特性的卫星广播通道参数优化方法与应用

中国气象局卫星广播系统(CMACast)是全球对地观测广播系统(GEONETCast)框架下三大对地广播系统之一,在世界气象组织信息系统(WIS)和综合卫星数据分发服务系统(IGDDS)框架下,承担亚太地区气象数据广播分发的职责。随着气象业务的发展,广播系统数据量由180 GB/天增长至460 GB/天,在广播带宽资源有限而广播数据种类和大小各异的情况下,系统管理员越来越难以通过经验对广播通道参数调整以保持广播系统播发效率,造成部分通道数据播发时效下降严重,不能满足业务时效要求。通过对不同气象数据传输特性的定量分析,获得各类数据的精细化数据传输样本,在此基础上对各类数据广播通道参数进行科学、定量的计算和优化,使数据播发时效明显提升,应用到实际广播业务中效果明显。

带宽化调节下的抗扰PID退饱和控制方法

比例–积分–微分(PID)控制的抗饱和设计是一类经典非线性控制问题,理论研究丰富,但工程中广泛使用的仍是积分退饱和这类简易策略.究其原因,现有理论方法过于依赖系统模型和状态空间理论,稳定性条件与调参机制之间关系复杂.本文基于经典退饱和控制结构,首次阐述了“退饱和带宽”概念及退饱和参数调节机理,在此基础上讨论了两类低阶退饱和补偿器的带宽化设计方法.在抗扰PID反馈控制下,结合小增益定理得到退饱和控制的稳定性条件,给出控制参数与退饱和带宽之间的调节关系,实现退饱和控制的带宽化整定.最后,通过数值仿真验证了所提方法的有效性.