The relationship between credit expansion and banking crises is complex and cannot be fully explained by total credit alone.A systematic analysis of the relationship between the amount and structure of total credit an...The relationship between credit expansion and banking crises is complex and cannot be fully explained by total credit alone.A systematic analysis of the relationship between the amount and structure of total credit and banking crises is important for an objective prediction of the influence of potential financial risks.This paper,drawing on data from 15 selected countries,delves into the power of credit indicators in the early warning of banking crises from the perspectives of industrial structure,sector structure,and term structure of credit.Various machine learning methods were used,including Logistic Regression,Random Forest,Decision Tree,Support Vector Machine(SVM),Bagging,and Boosting models.The empirical findings indicate that credit expansion plays a crucial role in triggering banking crises.However,total credit is better suited for the early warning of short-term banking crises,whereas credit structure is more useful for the early warning of long-term banking crises.Moreover,in an early warning system,identifying key early warning indicators is more meaningful than merely increasing the number of indicators.Machine learning can somewhat enhance the early warning power,but it may not always be robust.Therefore,more attention should be paid to potential systemic banking crises resulting from an imbalance in credit structure while regulating the total credit threshold.展开更多
After the outbreak of the international financial crisis,the People’s Bank of China,based on traditional monetary policy tools,launched a series of structural monetary policy tools such as standing lending facility(S...After the outbreak of the international financial crisis,the People’s Bank of China,based on traditional monetary policy tools,launched a series of structural monetary policy tools such as standing lending facility(SLF),medium-term lending facility(MLF),and pledged supplementary lending(PSL)and targeted at liquidity via the commercial banking system.In order to test the credit transmission effect of structured monetary policy,this paper empirically analyzes the relationship between structured monetary policy,bank liquidity and bank credit based on the VAR model.The research shows that the implementation of structured monetary policy reduces the liquidity of commercial banks in the short term and increases in loans to small or micro enterprises and agriculture-related loans,these policies have produced significant short-term effects on credit transmission in steady of long-term effects.Thus,a series of supporting measures are needed to fully exert the effects of structural monetary policy.展开更多
This paper proposes a wavelet based receiver structure for frequency-flat time-varying Rayleigh channels, consisting of a receiver front-end followed by a Maximum A-Posteriori (MAP) detector. Discretization of the rec...This paper proposes a wavelet based receiver structure for frequency-flat time-varying Rayleigh channels, consisting of a receiver front-end followed by a Maximum A-Posteriori (MAP) detector. Discretization of the received continuous time signal using filter banks is an essential stage in the front-end part, where the Fast Haar Transform (FHT) is used to reduce complexity. Analysis of our receiver over slow-fading channels shows that it is optimal for certain modulation schemes. By comparison with literature, it is shown that over such channels our receiver can achieve optimal performance for Time-Orthogonal modulation. Computed and Monte-Carlo simulated performance results over fast time-varying Rayleigh fading channels show that with Minimum Shift Keying (MSK), our receiver using four basis functions (filters) lowers the error floor by more than one order of magnitude with respect to other techniques of comparable complexity. Orthogonal Frequency Shift Keying (FSK) can achieve the same performance as Time-Orthogonal modulation for the slow-fading case, but suffers some degradation over fast-fading channels where it exhibits an error floor. Compared to MSK, however, Orthogonal FSK provides better performance.展开更多
蛋白质是一种具有空间结构的物质。蛋白质结构预测的主要目标是从已有的大规模的蛋白质数据集中提取有效的信息,从而预测自然界中蛋白质的结构。目前蛋白质结构预测实验存在的一个问题是,缺少能够进一步反映出蛋白质空间结构特征的数据...蛋白质是一种具有空间结构的物质。蛋白质结构预测的主要目标是从已有的大规模的蛋白质数据集中提取有效的信息,从而预测自然界中蛋白质的结构。目前蛋白质结构预测实验存在的一个问题是,缺少能够进一步反映出蛋白质空间结构特征的数据集。当前主流的PDB蛋白质数据集虽然是经过实验测得,但没有利用到蛋白质的空间特征,而且存在掺杂核酸数据和部分数据不完整的问题。针对以上问题,从蛋白质的空间结构角度来研究蛋白质的预测。在原始PDB数据集的基础上,提出了河海图结构蛋白质数据集(Hohai Graphic Protein Data Bank,HohaiGPDB)。该数据集以图结构为基础,表达出了蛋白质的空间结构特征。基于传统Transformer网络模型对新的数据集进行了相关的蛋白质结构预测实验,在HohaiGPDB数据集上的预测准确率可以达到59.38%,证明了HohaiGPDB数据集的研究价值。HohaiGPDB数据集可以作为蛋白质相关研究的通用数据集。展开更多
基金funded by the Chongqing Social Sciences Planning Project (2023NDQN22)the Social Sciences and Philosophy Project of the Chongqing Municipal Education Commission (23SKGH097)the Youth Program of Science and Technology Research of Chongqing Municipal Education Commission (KJQN202300545)。
文摘The relationship between credit expansion and banking crises is complex and cannot be fully explained by total credit alone.A systematic analysis of the relationship between the amount and structure of total credit and banking crises is important for an objective prediction of the influence of potential financial risks.This paper,drawing on data from 15 selected countries,delves into the power of credit indicators in the early warning of banking crises from the perspectives of industrial structure,sector structure,and term structure of credit.Various machine learning methods were used,including Logistic Regression,Random Forest,Decision Tree,Support Vector Machine(SVM),Bagging,and Boosting models.The empirical findings indicate that credit expansion plays a crucial role in triggering banking crises.However,total credit is better suited for the early warning of short-term banking crises,whereas credit structure is more useful for the early warning of long-term banking crises.Moreover,in an early warning system,identifying key early warning indicators is more meaningful than merely increasing the number of indicators.Machine learning can somewhat enhance the early warning power,but it may not always be robust.Therefore,more attention should be paid to potential systemic banking crises resulting from an imbalance in credit structure while regulating the total credit threshold.
文摘After the outbreak of the international financial crisis,the People’s Bank of China,based on traditional monetary policy tools,launched a series of structural monetary policy tools such as standing lending facility(SLF),medium-term lending facility(MLF),and pledged supplementary lending(PSL)and targeted at liquidity via the commercial banking system.In order to test the credit transmission effect of structured monetary policy,this paper empirically analyzes the relationship between structured monetary policy,bank liquidity and bank credit based on the VAR model.The research shows that the implementation of structured monetary policy reduces the liquidity of commercial banks in the short term and increases in loans to small or micro enterprises and agriculture-related loans,these policies have produced significant short-term effects on credit transmission in steady of long-term effects.Thus,a series of supporting measures are needed to fully exert the effects of structural monetary policy.
文摘This paper proposes a wavelet based receiver structure for frequency-flat time-varying Rayleigh channels, consisting of a receiver front-end followed by a Maximum A-Posteriori (MAP) detector. Discretization of the received continuous time signal using filter banks is an essential stage in the front-end part, where the Fast Haar Transform (FHT) is used to reduce complexity. Analysis of our receiver over slow-fading channels shows that it is optimal for certain modulation schemes. By comparison with literature, it is shown that over such channels our receiver can achieve optimal performance for Time-Orthogonal modulation. Computed and Monte-Carlo simulated performance results over fast time-varying Rayleigh fading channels show that with Minimum Shift Keying (MSK), our receiver using four basis functions (filters) lowers the error floor by more than one order of magnitude with respect to other techniques of comparable complexity. Orthogonal Frequency Shift Keying (FSK) can achieve the same performance as Time-Orthogonal modulation for the slow-fading case, but suffers some degradation over fast-fading channels where it exhibits an error floor. Compared to MSK, however, Orthogonal FSK provides better performance.
文摘蛋白质是一种具有空间结构的物质。蛋白质结构预测的主要目标是从已有的大规模的蛋白质数据集中提取有效的信息,从而预测自然界中蛋白质的结构。目前蛋白质结构预测实验存在的一个问题是,缺少能够进一步反映出蛋白质空间结构特征的数据集。当前主流的PDB蛋白质数据集虽然是经过实验测得,但没有利用到蛋白质的空间特征,而且存在掺杂核酸数据和部分数据不完整的问题。针对以上问题,从蛋白质的空间结构角度来研究蛋白质的预测。在原始PDB数据集的基础上,提出了河海图结构蛋白质数据集(Hohai Graphic Protein Data Bank,HohaiGPDB)。该数据集以图结构为基础,表达出了蛋白质的空间结构特征。基于传统Transformer网络模型对新的数据集进行了相关的蛋白质结构预测实验,在HohaiGPDB数据集上的预测准确率可以达到59.38%,证明了HohaiGPDB数据集的研究价值。HohaiGPDB数据集可以作为蛋白质相关研究的通用数据集。
