In the present study,（QSRR） study had been carried out for volatile components from Rosa banksiae Ait.based on various quantum-chemical and physicochemical descriptors derived by B3LYP method.To build QSRR models,a ...In the present study,（QSRR） study had been carried out for volatile components from Rosa banksiae Ait.based on various quantum-chemical and physicochemical descriptors derived by B3LYP method.To build QSRR models,a multiple linear regression （MLR） stepwise method was used.The generated models have good predictive ability and are of high statistical significance with good correlation coefficients （R2≥0.734） and p values far less than 0.05.Preliminary results indicated that the application of the models,especially the prediction of GC retention time and linear retention index of volatile components from Rosa banksiae Ait.,will be helpful.The models contribute also to the identification of important quantum-chemical and physicochemical descriptors responsible for the retention time and linear retention index.It was found that the shape attribute （ShpA） and logP value play a vital role in determining component’s GC retention time and linear retention index which increase with the lipophilicity of volatile components.The larger the shape attribute of analyte is,the larger the deformability is,the stronger the interaction between analyte and stationary phase is,and the longer the GC retention time is,the larger the linear retention index is.The importance of E HOMO,q＋,and SEV is also embodied in models,but they are not dominant.展开更多
Aims Worldwide,evidence suggests that exotic pollinators can disrupt plant mating patterns.However,few studies have determined if pol-lination by the honeybee Apis mellifera(the world’s most widely introduced pollina...Aims Worldwide,evidence suggests that exotic pollinators can disrupt plant mating patterns.However,few studies have determined if pol-lination by the honeybee Apis mellifera(the world’s most widely introduced pollinator)reduces offspring quality when compared with pollination by native birds.The Australian Proteaceae provides an excellent opportunity to test the impact of honeybees in pol-lination systems that are adapted to birds and non-flying mammals.Methods We compared the frequency of flower visitation and foraging behav-iour of birds and insects within seven populations of Banksia erici-folia.Banksia ericifolia is hermaphroditic and has large nectar-rich,orange inflorescences typical of bird and mammal pollinated spe-cies.For a subset of the study populations,we compared the qual-ity of seed produced via an exclusion treatment(that only allowed invertebrates to access flowers)with an open-pollination treatment(potentially visited by mammals,birds and invertebrates),by meas-uring seed weight,germination rates(T50),percent germination,seedling height after 14 days since the emergence of the cotyledon and time to emergence of the cotyledon.Important Findings Apis mellifera was the only apparent insect pollinator and the most frequent flower visitor,while the open treatment inflorescences were also frequently visited by avian pollinators,primarily hone-yeater species.The foraging behaviour of honeybees and honeyeat-ers showed striking differences that potentially affect patterns of pollen transfer.Honeybees made significantly greater proportions of within cf.among plant movements and only 30%(n=48)of honeybees foraged for pollen(nectar foragers carried no pollen)whilst all birds were observed to contact both stigmas and anthers when foraging for nectar.Despite these fundamental differences in behaviour,there was little effect of treatment on seed set or qual-ity.Our data show that while honeybees appear to alter patterns of pollen transfer within B.ericifolia populations,they do not impact reproductive rates or performance of early life-stages.展开更多
Abstract Banksia is a significant element in vegetation of southwestern Australia, a biodiversity hotspot with global significance. In particular, Banksia hookeriana represents a species with significant economic and ...Abstract Banksia is a significant element in vegetation of southwestern Australia, a biodiversity hotspot with global significance. In particular, Banksia hookeriana represents a species with significant economic and ecological importance in the region. For better conservation and management, we reported an overview of transcriptome of B. hookeriana using RNA-seq and de novo assembly. We have generated a total of 202.7 million reads （18.91 billion of nucleotides） from four leaf sam- ples in four plants of B. hookeriana, and assembled 59,063 unigenes （average size = 1098 bp） through de novo transcriptomc assembly. Among them, 39,686 unigenes were annotated against the Swiss-Prot, Clusters of Orthologous Groups （COG）, and NCBI non-redundant （NR） protein databases. We showed that there was approximately one single nucleotide polymorphism （SNP） per 5.6-7.1 kb in the transcriptome, and the ratio of transitional to transversional polymorphisms was approximately 1.82. We compared unigenes of B. hookeriana to those of Arabidopsis thaliana and Nelumbo nucifera through sequence homology, Gene Ontology （GO） annotation, and KEGG pathway analyses. The comparative analysis revealed that unigenes of B. hookeriana were closely related to those of N. nucifera. B. hookeriana, N. nucifera, and A. thaliana shared similar GO anno- tations but different distributions in KEGG pathways, indicating that B. hookeriana has adapted to dry-Mediterranean type shrublands via regulating expression of specific genes. In total 1927 potential simple sequence repeat （SSR） markers were discovered, which could be used in the genotype and genetic diversity studies of the Banksia genus. Our results provide valuable sequence resource for further study in Banksia.展开更多
基金Supported by Shanghai Education Committee Project (No. 11YZ224)Shanghai Leading Academic Discipline Project (No. J51503)
文摘In the present study,（QSRR） study had been carried out for volatile components from Rosa banksiae Ait.based on various quantum-chemical and physicochemical descriptors derived by B3LYP method.To build QSRR models,a multiple linear regression （MLR） stepwise method was used.The generated models have good predictive ability and are of high statistical significance with good correlation coefficients （R2≥0.734） and p values far less than 0.05.Preliminary results indicated that the application of the models,especially the prediction of GC retention time and linear retention index of volatile components from Rosa banksiae Ait.,will be helpful.The models contribute also to the identification of important quantum-chemical and physicochemical descriptors responsible for the retention time and linear retention index.It was found that the shape attribute （ShpA） and logP value play a vital role in determining component’s GC retention time and linear retention index which increase with the lipophilicity of volatile components.The larger the shape attribute of analyte is,the larger the deformability is,the stronger the interaction between analyte and stationary phase is,and the longer the GC retention time is,the larger the linear retention index is.The importance of E HOMO,q＋,and SEV is also embodied in models,but they are not dominant.
基金ARC Linkage Grant(ARC LP100100672 to D.J.A.and A.J.D.)University of Wollongong.
文摘Aims Worldwide,evidence suggests that exotic pollinators can disrupt plant mating patterns.However,few studies have determined if pol-lination by the honeybee Apis mellifera(the world’s most widely introduced pollinator)reduces offspring quality when compared with pollination by native birds.The Australian Proteaceae provides an excellent opportunity to test the impact of honeybees in pol-lination systems that are adapted to birds and non-flying mammals.Methods We compared the frequency of flower visitation and foraging behav-iour of birds and insects within seven populations of Banksia erici-folia.Banksia ericifolia is hermaphroditic and has large nectar-rich,orange inflorescences typical of bird and mammal pollinated spe-cies.For a subset of the study populations,we compared the qual-ity of seed produced via an exclusion treatment(that only allowed invertebrates to access flowers)with an open-pollination treatment(potentially visited by mammals,birds and invertebrates),by meas-uring seed weight,germination rates(T50),percent germination,seedling height after 14 days since the emergence of the cotyledon and time to emergence of the cotyledon.Important Findings Apis mellifera was the only apparent insect pollinator and the most frequent flower visitor,while the open treatment inflorescences were also frequently visited by avian pollinators,primarily hone-yeater species.The foraging behaviour of honeybees and honeyeat-ers showed striking differences that potentially affect patterns of pollen transfer.Honeybees made significantly greater proportions of within cf.among plant movements and only 30%(n=48)of honeybees foraged for pollen(nectar foragers carried no pollen)whilst all birds were observed to contact both stigmas and anthers when foraging for nectar.Despite these fundamental differences in behaviour,there was little effect of treatment on seed set or qual-ity.Our data show that while honeybees appear to alter patterns of pollen transfer within B.ericifolia populations,they do not impact reproductive rates or performance of early life-stages.
基金supported by Australian Research Council(Grant No.DP130103029)
文摘Abstract Banksia is a significant element in vegetation of southwestern Australia, a biodiversity hotspot with global significance. In particular, Banksia hookeriana represents a species with significant economic and ecological importance in the region. For better conservation and management, we reported an overview of transcriptome of B. hookeriana using RNA-seq and de novo assembly. We have generated a total of 202.7 million reads （18.91 billion of nucleotides） from four leaf sam- ples in four plants of B. hookeriana, and assembled 59,063 unigenes （average size = 1098 bp） through de novo transcriptomc assembly. Among them, 39,686 unigenes were annotated against the Swiss-Prot, Clusters of Orthologous Groups （COG）, and NCBI non-redundant （NR） protein databases. We showed that there was approximately one single nucleotide polymorphism （SNP） per 5.6-7.1 kb in the transcriptome, and the ratio of transitional to transversional polymorphisms was approximately 1.82. We compared unigenes of B. hookeriana to those of Arabidopsis thaliana and Nelumbo nucifera through sequence homology, Gene Ontology （GO） annotation, and KEGG pathway analyses. The comparative analysis revealed that unigenes of B. hookeriana were closely related to those of N. nucifera. B. hookeriana, N. nucifera, and A. thaliana shared similar GO anno- tations but different distributions in KEGG pathways, indicating that B. hookeriana has adapted to dry-Mediterranean type shrublands via regulating expression of specific genes. In total 1927 potential simple sequence repeat （SSR） markers were discovered, which could be used in the genotype and genetic diversity studies of the Banksia genus. Our results provide valuable sequence resource for further study in Banksia.
