Three-dimensional Finite Element Analysis of the Mechanical Properties of Helical Thread Connection

Conventional analytical and numerical methods for the mechanical properties of helical threads are relied on many assumptions and approximations and thus hardly yield satisfied results. A parameterized 3D finite element model of bolted joints with real helical thread geometry is established and meshed with refined hexahedral elements. The Von Mises plasticity criterion, kinematic hardening rule of materials and interfacial contacts are employed to make it possible for the suggested model be able to approach real assembly conditions. Then, the mechanical properties of bolted joints with different thread pitches, thread numbers and modular ratios are investigated, including the contact pressure distribution at joint interfaces, the axial load distribution and stress concentration in screw threads during the loading and unloading process. Simulation results indicate that the load distribution in screw threads produced by the suggested model agrees well the results from CHEN’s photoelastic tests. In addition, an interesting phenomenon is found that tightening the bolt with a large preload first and then adjusting the clamping force by unloading can make the load distribution more uniform and reduce the maximum residual equivalent stress in thread roots by up to 40%. This research provides a simple and practical approach to constructing the 3D finite element model and predicting the mechanical properties of helical thread connection.

Mechanical and Acoustic Performance Test of New Designed Metal Noise Barrier Unit Plate with No Riveted Connection

The modern transportation system is increasingly developed during recent years.It is an effective solution to set the noise barriers to reduce the traffic noise pollution caused by different kinds of transportation systems.Many deficiencies on concrete noise barriers and metal noise barriers with rivet structure can be eliminated by a new kind of noise barrier with no-riveted structure.The mechanical performance examination and acoustic performance test are conducted on the new-designed noise barrier with no-riveted structure.The results indicate that the maximum stress is 1.74 MPa and the maximum deformation is 1.04 mm with load acting on the unit plate.The noise reduction coefficient of this kind of no-riveted noise barrier unit plate is 0.75 and its noise insulation is 40 dB,which were conform to or superior to the standard requirements.Therefore,this new designed noise barrier meets the field application requirements of mechanical and acoustic performance,which demonstrates the noise barriers can be widely promoted.

Multiscale Characteristics and Connection Mechanisms of Attraction Networks:A Trajectory Data Mining Approach Leveraging Geotagged Data

Urban tourism is considered a complex system,and multiscale exploration of the organizational patterns of attraction networks has become a topical issue in urban tourism,so exploring the multiscale characteristics and connection mechanisms of attraction networks is important for understanding the linkages between attractions and even the future destination planning.This paper uses geotagging data to compare the links between attractions in Beijing,China during four different periods:the pre-Olympic period(2004–2007),the Olympic Games and subsequent‘heat period’(2008–2013),the post-Olympic period(2014–2019),and the COVID-19(Corona Virus Disease 2019)pandemic period(2020–2021).The aim is to better understand the evolution and patterns of attraction networks at different scales in Beijing and to provide insights for tourism planning in the destination.The results show that the macro,meso-,and microscales network characteristics of attraction networks have inherent logical relationships that can explain the commonalities and differences in the development process of tourism networks.The macroscale attraction network degree Matthew effect is significant in the four different periods and exhibits a morphological monocentric structure,suggesting that new entrants are more likely to be associated with attractions that already have high value.The mesoscale links attractions according to the common purpose of tourists,and the results of the community segmentation of the attraction networks in the four different periods suggest that the functional polycentric structure describes their clustering effect,and the weak links between clusters result from attractions bound by incomplete information and distance,and the functional polycentric structure with a generally more efficient network of clusters.The pattern structure at the microscale reveals the topological transformation relationship of the regional collaboration pattern,and the attraction network structure in the four different periods has a very similar importance profile structure suggesting that the attraction network has the same construction rules and evolution mechanism,which aids in understanding the attraction network pattern at both macro and micro scales.Important approaches and practical implications for planners and managers are presented.

Nonlinear Analysis of Axial-load and Stress Distribution for Threaded Connection

Analytical method for the distributions of axial-load and stress is based on elastic assumption, but the threaded connections are often in plastic deformation stage in practice. Meanwhile the strain in the threaded connection is difficult to measure. So it is necessary to study the reliable numerical method. At present neither the convergence analysis of the computational results nor the elastic-plastic analysis in the loading-unloading process are studied. In this paper, von Mises plasticity and kinematic hardening model is used to describe the material response. A new convergence criterion for nonlinear finite element analysis of the loading-unloading process is proposed. An axisymmetric finite element model according to the proposed convergence criterion is developed and used to analyze the distributions of axial-load and stress. It can be conclude that the stress distribution analysis is more dependent on the mesh density than the axial-load distribution analysis. The stress distribution result indicates that with increasing of applied load, the engaged threads close to the nut-bearing surface become plastic firstly. The axial-load distribution result reveals that the load percentage carried by single thread depends on the position of thread and load intensity. When the load is relatively small, the applied load is mainly carried by the engaged threads near the nut-bearing surface, when the load is larger, the differences of percentages for all threads become small. The proposed convergence analyzing procedure is applicable for other nonlinear analyses. The obtained distributions of axial-load and stress can be a reference of engineering application.

Modal Analysis of Thread off Failure of Oil Round Thread Casing Connection

The dynamic modal model analysis of the oil casing connection is done by finite element method (FEM), and the first nature frequency, the second nature frequency, the vibration mode shape and the time domain of the node displacement and the element stress variation in the thread connection are gotten. The Von.Mises stresses of the connection in the static and dynamic state are also studied. The results of calculation and analysis show: (1) because the maximum of static stress is at the coupling thread end of connection, the connection begins to thread off at the coupling thread end, which is in accord with the results of the thread off experiment in laboratory; (2) because the first nature frequency is very high, the probability of casing connection to be damaged from vibration is little; (3) the shock dynamic load makes casing connection begin to thread off at the tube thread end.

Mechanical Properties of Moso Bamboo Connections with External Clamp Steel Plates

The Moso bamboo,a renewable green building material used in various new green buildings,have received exten-sive attention with the promotion of the concept of green buildings.To explore the mechanical properties of Moso bamboo connections with external clamp steel plates,the 16 specimens were designed by changing the bolt diameters and the end distances of the bolt holes.Their static tension tests were conducted to investigate bearing capacities and failure modes of different connection configurations.Based on test results,three failure modes of these connections were obtained,including the shear failure of bolt shank,bearing failure of bolt hole and punch-ing shear failure of the Moso bamboo.The influence of bolt diameters and end distances of bolt holes on bearing capacities of the connections was quantitatively analyzed.Based on a simplified mechanical model,the analytical models were deduced for the bolt shear failure and the bearing failure of bolt holes.The results showed that the predictive values are in substantial agreement with the experimental results.Finally,the design and manufacturing suggestions are recommended for this Moso bamboo connections.

Sealing Reliability and Sensitivity Analysis for a Premium Threaded Connection Based on Kriging Model

In order to analyze the sealing performance of a new designed premium threaded connection,this paper studies the sealing reliability and sensitivity of the premium threaded connection at its most dangerous load condition based on Kriging model.The load condition of premium threaded connection in deep well is so complex that the most dangerous load point of premium threaded connection under the typical series loads is studied by finite element analysis(FEA) method firstly.Since the FEA of the premium threaded connection is too time-consuming,Kriging model which is accurate and efficient for multidimensional and highly nonlinear problems is built to calculate the sealing reliability of the premium threaded connection at the most dangerous load point.Finally,the sealing sensitivity analysis of the premium threaded connection is performed by the method of variance-based global sensitivity analysis.The work in this paper could contribute for the analysis and further improvement of the premium threaded connection.

STRENGTH DESIGN OF PREMIUM THREADED CASING CONNECTION

Using premium casing connections instead of API ones is one of the mosteffective technique to prevent casing failure. The factors contribute to the strength of premiumcasing connections are studied with FEA and full-scale test. The criterions are presented thatensure the connection's strength higher than the pipe. At the same time, the method is given todecrease the peak stress of the connection so as to improve its anticorruption property. At last,full-scale tests are done to test the strength of the connections designed with the methoddescribed, the results show that the connection's strength is higher than the pipe. This indicatedthat the method described is effective in designing premium casing connection.

The development and application of premium thread connection tubing and casing products from Baosteel

Premium thread connection tubing and casing products are non-API products that are used in severe oil field conditions, such as deep wells ,ultra deep wells, high pressure gas wells, horizontal wells and steam injection wells, etc. In order to meet the requirements of oilfields for premium thread connection oil country tubular goods （ OCTG）, Baosteel developed its own series of premium thread connection tubing and casing products that are protected by intellectual property rights. This study introduces the process of developing the premium thread connection tubing and casing products, their characteristics, and their actual application in oil fields. It hopes to give customers a better understanding of Premium thread connection tubing and casing products from Baosteel.

A COMPACTNESS THEOREM FOR STABLE FLAT SL(2, C) CONNECTIONS ON 3-FOLDS

Let Y be a closed 3-manifold such that all flat SU(2)-connections on Y are non-degenerate.In this article,we prove a Uhlenbeck-type compactness theorem on Y for stable flat SL(2,C)connections satisfying an L^(2)-bound for the real curvature.Combining the compactness theorem and a result from[7],we prove that the moduli space of the stable flat SL(2,C)connections is disconnected under certain technical assumptions.

Mechanical Experimental Study on Tensile Bolted Connections of Cross-laminated Timber

In order to explore a kind of high-strength,earthquake-resistant,eco-nomical and suitable connection,4 groups of cross-laminated timber wall-to-floor and wall-to-wall bolted connections were tested under monotonic and cyclic load-ing.The defommation characteristics and failure modes of the cross-laminated tim-ber wall-to-floor and wall-to-wall bolted connections were exploited.Load-slip curves,bearing capacity,yielding point,stiffness and ductility of each group of specimens were analyzed.The test results indicate that the loading process of cross-laminated timber bolted connections under tension can be categorized as five stages,namely the elastic stage,the slip stage,the embedding stage,the yield-ing stage and the ultimate stage.The ultimate tensile capacity of cross-laminated timber bolted wall-to-floor connections is 2.67 times that of the wall-to-wall bolted connections.Compared with cross-laminated timber self-tapping screwed connections,the ultimate tensile capacity of the cross-laminated timber wall-to-floor bolted connections is 2.70 times that of the self-tapping screwed connec-tions,and the ultimate tensile capacity of the cross-laminated timber wall-to-wall bolted connections is 3.83 times that of the self-tapping screwed connections.The crosslaminated timber bolted connections have larger yielding displacement and wider plastic range,and they are more energy dissipative and more ductile.Furthermore,the cost of the cross-laminated timber wall-to-floor bolted connec-tions is 46%that of the self-tapping screwed connections,while the cost of cross-laminated wall-to-wall bolted connections is 53%that of the self-screwed connections.

Seismic Behavior of Diaphragm-Through Connections of Concrete-Filled Square Steel Tubular Columns and H-Shaped Steel Beams

Based on the introductions of a type of diaphragm-through connection between concrete-filled square steel tubular columns (CFSSTCs) and H-shaped steel beams,a finite element model of the connection is developed and used to investigate the seismic behavior of the connection.The results of the finite element model are validated by a set of cyclic loading tests.The cyclic loading tests and the finite element analyses indicate that the failure mode of the suggested connections is plastic hinge at the beam with inelastic rotation angle exceeding 0.04 rad.The suggested connections have sufficient strength,plastic deformation and energy dissipation capacity to be used in composite moment frames as beam-to-column rigid connections.

Reliability of power connections

Despite the use of various preventive maintenance measures, there are still a number of problem areas that can ad- versely affect system reliability. Also, economical constraints have pushed the designs of power connections closer to the limits allowed by the existing standards. The major parameters influencing the reliability and life of Al-Al and Al-Cu connections are identified. The effectiveness of various palliative measures is determined and the misconceptions about their effectiveness are dealt in detail.

Avoiding sealing failure of flanged connection for tubes made of dissimilar materials subjected to elevated temperature

Carbonic composite materials and ceramics appear to be excellent structural materials for parts subjected to very high temperatures in molten salt reactors(MSRs), in which the reactor core outlet temperature is normally above 700℃. Because of the high temperature,there are major challenges in the sealing of flanged connections for tubes made of alloys and nonmetallic materials. In this study, an improved method for sealing bolted flange connections for tubes made of dissimilar materials at high temperature is analyzed. The study focuses on the compensation mechanism for the difference in thermal expansion between the bolts and the flanges. An angle is introduced for the sealing surface in the flanged connection to provide effective sealing. The arctangent of the angle is the ratio of the thickness between the theoretical core of the sealing surface and the outside end face of the flange to the distances between the axis of the flanged joint and the theoretical core of the sealing surface of the flange; the sealing surface of the flange, which is made of the same material as the fastening assemblies, faces the fastening assemblies. To ensure effective sealing, the frictional coefficient between the two sealing surfaces should not exceed the tangent of the angle. This result does not agree well with the solution given by previous researchers. Further, in the modified flanged connection, the compression of each bolt in the clamped condition is increased to maintain the compaction force unchanged without increasing the number of bolts on the flanged joint.

BUILDING WITH BAMBOO: A REVIEW OF CULM CONNECTION TECHNOLOGY

Interest in the engineering performance of bamboo is on the rise primarily due to its rapid regenerative qualities and high strength-to-weight ratio.It has been a standard,sustainable building material for thousands of years in Asia and South America,where it grows naturally.Although there are many examples of magnificent bamboo structures,standards and documentation on safe and reliable bamboo design are scarce,particularly for connection design.Traditional connections involve friction-tight lashings(eg.ropes and cords of dried grasses)and pin-and-socket connections such as dowels and pegs,but more recent advances have involved integration with steel hardware and concrete.This paper presents bamboo as a feasible alternative building material and presents a review of past,current and emerging technologies to join hollow bamboo culms in structural applications.The paper’s intent is to give an overview of the current state of bamboo connection technology and to promote developments in the emerging field of bamboo engineering.Recent technological advances and visionary architects have proven that it is possible to create safe structures that are not only sustainable but have tremendous potential for use in disaster relief and quick-build scenarios.

Effects of connection types and elevated temperature on the impact behaviour of restrained beam in portal steel frame

Based on the background of structural protection and Disaster Reduction Engineering, the dynamic behaviour and failure mechanism of restrained beams in portal steel frames in localised fire are investigated via experimental measurement and numerical simulation techniques. Comprehensive parametric studies are carried out to discuss the influence of end connection types, temperature, impact velocity,impact mass and span-to-depth ratio(SDR) on the dynamic response of the beams. The characteristics of deformation, internal force and energy distribution about the restrained beams and its joints are investigated. A temperature dependent criterion for evaluating the frame joint performance is proposed to measure the degree of performance degradation and impact resistance of the joint. The dynamic displacement amplification factor in different temperature environments are proposed for the different beam end constraint types and SDRs. Results of the experimental and numerical analysis show that the welded connection(WC) of three typical joint types is the strongest, and the extended endplate connection(EEC) is the weakest in terms of the impact resistance performance. With regard to the failure mode of the joint, the failure positions of the WC and the welded-bolted connection are located in the inner web of the column. Meanwhile, the EEC is located in the connection position between the beam and the endplate. Three different internal force stages and two obvious critical temperature boundaries of the restrained beams emerge with the increase in temperature, and they have significant characteristics in terms of deformation trend, internal force transfer and energy distribution. During the impact, a phenomenon known as “compression arch action” develops into “catenary action” with the increase in deflection in the frame beam mechanism.

Analytical Investigation into the Rotational Performance of Glulam Bolted Beam-Column Connections under Coupled Bending Moment and Shear Force

Considering the glulam beam-column connection form and the number of bolts,monotonic loading test and finite element analysis was carried out on 9 connection specimens in 3 groups to study the rotational performance and failure mode of the connection.The test results revealed that compared with U-shaped connectors,T-shaped connectors can effectively improve the ductility of connections,and the increase in the number of bolts can reduce the initial stiffness and ductility of connections.By theoretical analysis,formulas for calculating the initial stiffness and ultimate moment of connections were deduced.Subsequently,the moment-rotation theoretical model of connections was established based on the formulas,which were validated according to the test data and simulation results.The proposed model can not only improve the current theoretical system of heavy-duty glulam beam-column structure but also provide a theoretical basis for calculating the mechanical properties of the glulam beam-column connection.

Theoretical study on the torque values of premium connections

Make-up torque is the most important factor affecting the quality of oil casing and tubing.The torque of the premium connection with a torque shoulder comprises three parts:the thread,sealing surface,and shoulder torque.According to the thick-wall cylinder theory,the formula for the connection with a torque shoulder is derived by establishing a mathematical model.The results show that the thread interference deviation and shoulder force significantly impact the torque values.The experimental results demonstrate that the derived formula can accurately reflect the actual make-up process and provide a theoretical basis for the precise control of connection make-up.Therefore,it has a great practical significance for oil and gas production safety.

基于三周期极小曲面晶胞梯度支架的设计及力学性能

背景:现阶段骨软骨一体化支架的弹性模量与天然骨软骨相差较大,植入人体后会引起应力遮蔽现象,从而导致植入物松动变形,影响骨软骨组织修复。轴向三周期极小曲面晶胞梯度支架可与人体骨软骨组织孔隙率及弹性模量相匹配,为骨软骨支架设计提供一种新的思路。目的:研究不同晶胞种类和孔径结构对晶胞梯度支架力学性能的影响。方法:使用Gyroid(G)型、Diamond(D)型Primitive(P)型3种基础晶胞,通过三周期极小曲面数学建模,在梯度区域使用不同尺寸、不同种类晶胞,共计构建6种晶胞梯度支架(G-2P-4D、P-2D-4G、D-2P-4D、G-2D-4P、P-2G-4D、D-2G-4P),进行力学实验及仿真模拟实验,评估支架的力学性能,通过计算流体动力学仿真得到了支架内流体的流动性能参数。结果与结论:有限元力学仿真和轴向压缩实验表明,P-2G-4D型与P-2D-4G型梯度支架的弹性模量相较高,分别为148.67 MPa和152.1 MPa,能够承受较高的轴向载荷,提高植入物的力学稳态;D-2P-4G型梯度支架应力分布最为均匀,可有效减少应力集中,使得连接函数区域均能够有效传递应力,减少应力遮蔽;G-2D-4P型梯度支架流动速率变化最小,为0.10-0.48 mm/s,渗透率较高,有利于植入后体液在支架内部流动。基于三周期极小曲面的晶胞梯度支架设计为骨软骨支架设计提供了新思路,仿真分析结果也为支架植入人体后的骨整合预测提供了参考。

MET receptor tyrosine kinase promotes the generation of functional synapses in adult cortical circuits

Loss of synapse and functional connectivity in brain circuits is associated with aging and neurodegeneration,however,few molecular mechanisms are known to intrinsically promote synaptogenesis or enhance synapse function.We have previously shown that MET receptor tyrosine kinase in the developing cortical circuits promotes dendritic growth and dendritic spine morphogenesis.To investigate whether enhancing MET in adult cortex has synapse regenerating potential,we created a knockin mouse line,in which the human MET gene expression and signaling can be turned on in adult(10–12 months)cortical neurons through doxycycline-containing chow.We found that similar to the developing brain,turning on MET signaling in the adult cortex activates small GTPases and increases spine density in prefrontal projection neurons.These findings are further corroborated by increased synaptic activity and transient generation of immature silent synapses.Prolonged MET signaling resulted in an increasedα-amino-3-hydroxy-5-methyl-4-isoxazolepropionic acid/N-methyl-Daspartate(AMPA/NMDA)receptor current ratio,indicative of enhanced synaptic function and connectivity.Our data reveal that enhancing MET signaling could be an interventional approach to promote synaptogenesis and preserve functional connectivity in the adult brain.These findings may have implications for regenerative therapy in aging and neurodegeneration conditions.