Some biologically important tin(Ⅳ) complexes derived from 5,5-diethyl sodium barbital have been synthesized and characterized through various analytical and spectroscopic techniques such as IR, ^1H-, ^13C-NMR and ^...Some biologically important tin(Ⅳ) complexes derived from 5,5-diethyl sodium barbital have been synthesized and characterized through various analytical and spectroscopic techniques such as IR, ^1H-, ^13C-NMR and ^119mSn mossbauer. On the basis of these spectroscopic techniques, octahedral geometry has been assigned to all the novel compounds. These complexes, soluble in DMSO and DMF, were screened against a wide range of microorganisms. The results proved that the diphenyltin(Ⅳ) and dibutyltin(Ⅳ) complexes exhibit excellent activity against all types of microorganisms, while the rest of the compounds show significant activity that can be used during the biological study.展开更多
With great superiorities in energy density,rate capability and structural stability,Na_(3)V_(2)(PO_(4))_(2) F_(3)(NVPF)has attracted much attentions as cathode of sodium ion battery(SIB),but it also faces challenges o...With great superiorities in energy density,rate capability and structural stability,Na_(3)V_(2)(PO_(4))_(2) F_(3)(NVPF)has attracted much attentions as cathode of sodium ion battery(SIB),but it also faces challenges on its poor intrinsic electronic conductivity and the controversial de/sodiation mechanism.Herein,a series of Zr-doped NVPF coated by N-doped carbon layer(~5 nm in thickness,homogenously)materials are fabricated by a sol-gel method,and the optimized heteroatom-doping amounts of Zr and N doping improve intrinsic properties on enlarging lattice distance and enhancing electronic conductivity,respectively.Specifically,among all samples of Na_(3) V_(2-x)Zr_(x)(PO_(4))_(2) F_(3)/NC(NVPF-Zr-x/NC,x=0,0.01,0.02,0.05,and 0.1),the optimized electrode of NVPF-Zr-0.02/NC delivers high reversible capacities(119.2 mAh g^(-1) at0.5 C),superior rate capability(98.1 mA h g^(-1) at 20 C)and excellent cycling performance.The structural evolution of NVPF-Zr-0.02/NC electrode,in-situ monitored by X-ray diffractometer,follows a step-wise Na-extraction/intercalation mechanism with reversible multi-phase changes,not just a solid-solutionreaction one.Full cells of NVPF-Zr-0.02/NC//hard carbon demonstrate high capacity(99.8 mA h g^(-1) at 0.5 C),high out-put voltage(3.5 V)and good cycling stability.This work is favorable to accelerate the development of high-performance cathode materials and explore possible redox reaction mechanisms of SIBs.展开更多
A new rapid, simple and reproducible UV spectrophotometric method was developed and validated for the estimation of Naproxen Sodium (NpSd) in bulk and pharmaceutical formulation. The quantification of NpSd was done at...A new rapid, simple and reproducible UV spectrophotometric method was developed and validated for the estimation of Naproxen Sodium (NpSd) in bulk and pharmaceutical formulation. The quantification of NpSd was done at 230 nm in methanol and in buffer of pH 6.8 and 9. Beer’s law was obeyed in the concentration range of 4 - 36 (r2 = 0.999) in methanol and 5 - 25 μgmL﹣1 in buffer of pH 6.8 and 9 (r2 = 0.988 and 0.997) respectively. The apparent molar absorptivity values were also calculated in all mediums. All parameters according to ICH guideline were tested and validated. The detection and quantitation limits were found to be 0.054, 0.083, 0.073 and 0.181, 0.251, 0.211 μgmL﹣1 respectively. These methods were applied directly to the analysis of the pharmaceutical tablet preparations (Anex? tablet 250 mg). The results demonstrated that the procedure is accurate, precise and reproducible (relative standard deviation 3%), while being simple, cheap and less time consuming and hence can be suitably applied for the estimation of NpSd in dosage forms and dissolution studies.展开更多
AIM: To study liver cell apoptosis caused by the toxicity of selenium and observe the alteration of choline compounds using in vitro 9.4T high resolution magnetic resonance spectroscopy. METHODS: Twenty male Wistar ra...AIM: To study liver cell apoptosis caused by the toxicity of selenium and observe the alteration of choline compounds using in vitro 9.4T high resolution magnetic resonance spectroscopy. METHODS: Twenty male Wistar rats were randomly divided into two groups. The rats in the treatment group were intraperitoneally injected with sodium selenite and the control group with distilled water. All rats were sacrifi ced and the livers were dissected. 1H-MRS data were collected using in vitro 9.4T high resolution magnetic resonance spectrometer. Spectra were processed using XWINNMR and MestRe-c 4.3. HE and TUNEL staining was employed to detect and confi rm the change of liver cells. RESULTS: Good 1H-MR spectra of perchloric acid extract from liver tissue of rats were obtained. The conventional metabolites were detected and assigned. Concentrations of different ingredient choline compounds in treatment group vs control group were as follows: total choline compounds,5.08 ± 0.97 mmol/L vs 3.81 ± 1.16 mmol/L (P = 0.05); and free choline,1.07 ± 0.23 mmol/L vs 0.65 ± 0.20 mmol/L (P = 0.00). However,there was no statistical signif icance between the two groups. The hepatic sinus and cellular structure of hepatic cells in treatmentgroup were abnormal. Apoptosis of hepatic cells was confi rmed by TUNEL assay. CONCLUSION: High dose selenium compounds can cause the rat liver lesion and induce cell apoptosis in vivo. High resolution 1H-MRS in vitro can detect diversified metabolism. The changing trend for different ingredient of choline compounds is not completely the same at early period of apoptosis.展开更多
According to the principle of mass balances and thermodynamic data, lg [Me]—pH diagrams (Me=Ca, Mo) for Ca-Mo-CO3-H2O system at 25 ℃ were presented with total dissolved carbon-containing ions concentrations of 0.01 ...According to the principle of mass balances and thermodynamic data, lg [Me]—pH diagrams (Me=Ca, Mo) for Ca-Mo-CO3-H2O system at 25 ℃ were presented with total dissolved carbon-containing ions concentrations of 0.01 mol/L and 1 mol/L, and lg [Me]—pH diagram for Ca-Mo-H2O system at 25 ℃ was also depicted. The effects of system pH value and total dissolved carbon-containing ions concentrations on the concentrations of the species in Ca-Mo-CO3-H2O system were studied. The results show that the stability region of CaMoO4 reduces significantly in the presence of sodium carbonate. In order to achieve effective leaching of molybdenum from CaMoO4, a certain concentration of sodium carbonate is necessary. High total dissolved carbon-containing ions concentrations and high pH values facilitate to the leaching of CaMoO4 and dissolved sodium carbonate is an efficient leaching agent for decomposing CaMoO4.展开更多
Dissolution kinetics of sodium carbonate is investigated with the image analysis method at the approach of single particle.The dissolution experiments are carried out in an aqueous solution under a series of controlle...Dissolution kinetics of sodium carbonate is investigated with the image analysis method at the approach of single particle.The dissolution experiments are carried out in an aqueous solution under a series of controlled temperature and p H.The selected sodium carbonate particles are all spherical with the same mass and diameter.The dissolution process is quantified with the measurement of particle diameter from dissolution images.The concentration of dissolved sodium carbonate in solvent is calculated with the measured diameter of particle.Both surface reaction model and mass transport model are implemented to determine the dissolution mechanism and quantify the dissolution rate constant at each experimental condition.According to the fitting results with both two models,it is clarified that the dissolution process at the increasing temperature is controlled by the mass transport of dissolved sodium carbonate travelling from particle surface into solvent.The dissolution process at the increasing pH is controlled by the chemical reaction on particle surface.Furthermore,the dissolution rate constant for each single spherical sodium carbonate particle is quantified and the results show that the dissolution rate constant of single spherical sodium carbonate increases significantly with the rising of temperature,but decreases with the increasing of pH conversely.展开更多
Objective:To explore the meta-analysis of traditional Chinese medicine fumigation combined with sodium hyaluronate in the treatment of knee osteoarthritis.Methods: The database was originated from CNKI, Wanfang, Chong...Objective:To explore the meta-analysis of traditional Chinese medicine fumigation combined with sodium hyaluronate in the treatment of knee osteoarthritis.Methods: The database was originated from CNKI, Wanfang, Chongqing Weipu database, PubMed and so on. The deadline was April 2017. The database was searched with the keywords of'Chinese herbal fumigation','sodium hyaluronate' and'knee osteoarthritis'. Finally, 13 articles about the treatment of Chinese herbal fumigation combined with sodium hyaluronate were obtained. RCT literatures of knee osteoarthritis identified the outcome indicators as the effective rate and recovery rate. Lysholm's score was observed after treatment in both groups, and all the results were input into Review Manager 5.2 for analysis.Result: A total of 13 RCT literatures about the treatment of knee osteoarthritis with Chinese herbal fumigation and sodium hyaluronate were obtained. The control group was treated with sodium hyaluronate or anti-inflammatory drugs, totaling 619 cases. The study group was treated with sodium hyaluronate and Chinese herbal fumigation, totaling 649 cases. The combined effect of forest map OR=1.82, Z=5.00 (P<0.00001), 95% CI. (1.44, 2.30). Compared with sodium hyaluronate or anti-inflammatory drugs, fumigation with traditional Chinese medicine combined with sodium hyaluronate has obvious advantages in curing knee osteoarthritis. The combined effect of forest chart OR=5.55, Z=7.44 (P<0.00001), 95% CI (3.54, 8.73), indicating that compared with sodium hyaluronate or anti-inflammatory drugs, traditional Chinese medicine is used. Fumigation combined with sodium hyaluronate has obvious advantages in the treatment of knee osteoarthritis;forest map combined effect OR=12.11, Z=5.18 (P<0.00001), 95% CI (7.53, 16.68), indicating that compared with sodium hyaluronate or anti-inflammatory drugs, traditional Chinese medicine fumigation combined with sodium hyaluronate in the treatment of knee osteoarthritis can restore knee joint function. Advantages.Conclusion: Chinese herbal fumigation combined with sodium hyaluronate has obvious advantages in curing and effective rate of knee osteoarthritis, and can better restore knee joint function. Due to the lack of literature and low quality, the exact effect still needs to be confirmed by higher quality RCT literature.展开更多
Objective:To evaluate the efficacy and safety of sodium fusidate ointment and mupirocin ointment in the treatment of bacteria-infected skin disease.Methods:The search terms“sodium fusidate ointment”,“mupirocin oint...Objective:To evaluate the efficacy and safety of sodium fusidate ointment and mupirocin ointment in the treatment of bacteria-infected skin disease.Methods:The search terms“sodium fusidate ointment”,“mupirocin ointment”,“bacterial infection”,etc.were searched in the database of PubMed,EMbase,Cochrane,Web of Science,Wanfang,VIP,and CNKI.The search time was from inception to November 2019.Randomized controlled trials of sodium fusidate ointment and mupirocin ointment for the treatment of bacteria-infected skin disease were collected.Two studies independently performed literature screening,data extraction,and literature quality evaluation.Meta analysis was performed using RevMan 5.3 software.Results:A total of 14 literature were included,involving 1,825 patients,916 in the experimental group,and 909 in the control group.Meta analysis results showed that the total clinical effective rate of the experimental group(RR=1.12,95%CI(1.06,1.19),P<0.0001),degree of improvement in pruritus score(MD=−1.21,95%CI(−1.78,−0.64),P<0.0001),degree of improvement of eczema area and severity index score(MD=−2.47,95%CI(−3.92,−1.02),P=0.0008),and sensitivity rate of drug sensitivity test(RR=1.35,95%CI(1.24,1.46),P<0.00001)were better than those of control group.The incidence of adverse reactions(RR=0.18,95%CI(0.09,0.39),P<0.00001)was significantly smaller than that of control group.But the bacterial clearance rate(RR=1.22,95%CI(0.98,1.52),P=0.08)compared with the control group,the difference was not statistically significant.Conclusion:Sodium fusidate ointment is better than mupirocin ointment in the treatment of bacteria-infected skin disease,and it helps to improve the severity of disease and itching,and has good safety,which is worthy of clinical promotion.展开更多
The purpose of this study is to use the newly synthesized molecule Sodium 8-(((carboxymethyl)amino)methyl)-4',7-bishydroxy-isoflavone-3'-sulfonate(M)as a research object,the pharmacological mechanism of the mo...The purpose of this study is to use the newly synthesized molecule Sodium 8-(((carboxymethyl)amino)methyl)-4',7-bishydroxy-isoflavone-3'-sulfonate(M)as a research object,the pharmacological mechanism of the molecule was analyzed by using a series of Systematic pharmacology methods.The results show that the M molecule has a higher drug-like DL value of 0.59 and better molecular property parameters,namely Hdon=4,Hacc=10 and AlogP=0.94;A total of 11 M molecules related targets,namely F2,ESR1,AR,F10,CA2,DPP4,CCNA2,PRSS1,CDK2,GSK3B and PTPN1;A total of 140 diseases are associated with M molecule targets,and these diseases are mainly related to cancer and cardiovascular diseases;A total of 52 pathways involve the pharmacological mechanisms of M molecules,which are mainly related to cancer and other related diseases;GO-enriched analysis showed that these targets are closely related to the regulation of peptidase activity and biological processes such as blood coagulation and hemostasis.This article clearly demonstrated the pharmacological mechanism of M molecule,which provides references for exploring the pharmacological mechanism of new compounds.展开更多
Surface water basins all over the world are very crucial in irrigation industries. Irrigation schemes are particularly crucial in the agricultural economies due largely to the fact that global climate change has led t...Surface water basins all over the world are very crucial in irrigation industries. Irrigation schemes are particularly crucial in the agricultural economies due largely to the fact that global climate change has led to drastic changes in rainfall patterns. As a result, rain-fed agriculture alone is no more sustainable and irrigation schemes are being encouraged as poverty reduction/eradication strategies in the developing countries. This study was conducted to assess the overall controls on surface water resources in the coastal and south-western river basins in Ghana, and determine the suitability of these surface waters for irrigation activities. Multivariate statistical methods were applied to data on the physico-chemical parameters from the coastal and southwestern river basins. This study finds that the quality of surface water from these basins is controlled principally by leachate of chemicals from solid and mine wastes, the chemistry of rainfall, weathering of underlying silicate mineral-rich rocks and sediments, agricultural and domestic wastes. All the parameters are within the acceptable national concentration ranges for most domestic and industrial purposes. Sodium adsorption ratio (SAR) was used to assess the quality of water from the two basins for irrigation activities. The SAR values for all the months and years sampled are lower than 4 and the electrical conductivity values are equally low due to generally low ionic concentrations. When plotted on the Wilcox diagram, the data for all the months for the two years of the study, plot within the “excellent to good” category, suggesting that water from the area is of acceptable quality for irrigation activities.展开更多
<p> <span style="font-family:Verdana;">This work aims to characterize, synthesize and evaluate the biological activity of sodium barbitone and their metal chelates Ni(II), Pd(II) and Pt(II). The ...<p> <span style="font-family:Verdana;">This work aims to characterize, synthesize and evaluate the biological activity of sodium barbitone and their metal chelates Ni(II), Pd(II) and Pt(II). The new synthesized metal chelates are investigated by elemental analysis, IR, mass spectra, thermal analysis and biological activity. Square planer structure of the prepared complexes obtained from the result of analysis. The antibacterial and antifungal of sodium barbitone ligand and its conforming metal chelates were screened against bacterial species Gram positive (<em>Staphylococcus aureus</em>), Gram negative bacteria (<em>Escherichia coli</em>) and fungi <em>Aspergillus flavus</em> and <em>Candida albicans</em> fungi. Ampicillin and amphotericin were used as references for antibacterial and antifungal studies. The activity data show that the plati</span><span style="font-family:Verdana;">num group metals chelates have activity data show that some of the platinum group metals (viz. Pt(II) and Pd(II)) chelates have a promising biological activity comparing to sodium barbitone parent free ligand against bacterial and fungal species.</span> </p>展开更多
The cubic sodium tungsten bronzes, Na_xWO_3(x=0.854 and 0.814)were prepared by rare earths gaseous permeation method. Structural analysis was carried out by Rietveld method from powder X-ray diffraction data. The X-ra...The cubic sodium tungsten bronzes, Na_xWO_3(x=0.854 and 0.814)were prepared by rare earths gaseous permeation method. Structural analysis was carried out by Rietveld method from powder X-ray diffraction data. The X-ray diffraction profile calculated with cubic P32 models are in good agreement with the observed X-ray diffraction patterns. There is only a little difference in W-O bond and Na-O bond between Na_(0.854)WO_3 and Na_(0.814)WO_3. Conductivity measurements indicate that Na_xWO_3 show anomalous semiconducting behavior and percolation model was used to interpret it.展开更多
Objective To assess the efficiency and safety of a novel sodium-glucose co-transporter 2(SGLT2) inhibitor—SGLT2 inhibitors,in combination with insulin for type 1 diabetes mellitus(T1DM). Methods We searched Medline,E...Objective To assess the efficiency and safety of a novel sodium-glucose co-transporter 2(SGLT2) inhibitor—SGLT2 inhibitors,in combination with insulin for type 1 diabetes mellitus(T1DM). Methods We searched Medline,Embase,and the Cochrane Collaboration Library to identify the eligible studies published between January 2010 and July 2016 without restriction of language. The Food and Drug Administration(FDA) data and Clinical Trials(http://www.clinicaltrials.gov) were also searched. The included studies met the following criteria:randomized controlled trials; T1DM patients aged between 18 and 65 years old; patients were treated with insulin plus SGLT2 inhibitors for more than 2 weeks; patients' glycosylated hemoglobin(HbA1c) levels were between 7% and 12%. The SGLT2 inhibitors group was treated with SGLT2 inhibitors plus insulin,and the placebo group received placebo plus insulin treatment. The outcomes should include one of the following items:fasting blood glucose,HbA1c,glycosuria,or adverse effects. Data were analyzed by two physicians independently. The risk of bias was evaluated by using the Cochrane Collaboration's Risk of Bias tool and heterogeneity among studies was assessed using Chi-square test. Random effect model was used to analyze the treatment effects with Revman 5.3. Results Three trials including 178 patients were enrolled. As compared to the placebo group,SGLT2 inhibitor absolutely decreased fasting blood glucose [mean differences(MD)-2.47 mmol/L,95% confidence interval(CI)-3.65 to-1.28,P<0.001] and insulin dosage(standardized MD-0.75 U,95%CI-1.17 to-0.33,P<0.001). SGLT2 inhibitors could also increase the excretion of urine glucose(MD 131.09 g/24 h,95%CI 91.79 to 170.39,P<0.001). There were no significant differences in the incidences of hyperglycemia [odds ratio(OR) 1.82,95%CI 0.63 to 5.29,P=0.27],urinary tract infection(OR 0.95,95%CI 0.19 to 4.85,P=0.95),genital tract infection(OR 0.27,95%CI 0.01 to 7.19,P=0.43),and diabetic ketoacidosis(OR 6.03,95%CI 0.27 to 135.99,P=0.26) between the two groups. Conclusion SGLT2 inhibitors combined with insulin might be an efficient and safe treatment modality for T1DM patients.展开更多
文摘Some biologically important tin(Ⅳ) complexes derived from 5,5-diethyl sodium barbital have been synthesized and characterized through various analytical and spectroscopic techniques such as IR, ^1H-, ^13C-NMR and ^119mSn mossbauer. On the basis of these spectroscopic techniques, octahedral geometry has been assigned to all the novel compounds. These complexes, soluble in DMSO and DMF, were screened against a wide range of microorganisms. The results proved that the diphenyltin(Ⅳ) and dibutyltin(Ⅳ) complexes exhibit excellent activity against all types of microorganisms, while the rest of the compounds show significant activity that can be used during the biological study.
基金the National Natural Science Foundation of China(21975154)the Shanghai Municipal Education Commission(Innovation Program(2019-01-07-00-09E00021)+2 种基金Innovative Research Team of High-level Local Universities in Shanghaisupported by The Program for Professor of Special Appointment(Eastern Scholar)at Shanghai Institutions of Higher LearningShanghai Key Laboratory of Materials Protection and Advanced Materials in Electric Power。
文摘With great superiorities in energy density,rate capability and structural stability,Na_(3)V_(2)(PO_(4))_(2) F_(3)(NVPF)has attracted much attentions as cathode of sodium ion battery(SIB),but it also faces challenges on its poor intrinsic electronic conductivity and the controversial de/sodiation mechanism.Herein,a series of Zr-doped NVPF coated by N-doped carbon layer(~5 nm in thickness,homogenously)materials are fabricated by a sol-gel method,and the optimized heteroatom-doping amounts of Zr and N doping improve intrinsic properties on enlarging lattice distance and enhancing electronic conductivity,respectively.Specifically,among all samples of Na_(3) V_(2-x)Zr_(x)(PO_(4))_(2) F_(3)/NC(NVPF-Zr-x/NC,x=0,0.01,0.02,0.05,and 0.1),the optimized electrode of NVPF-Zr-0.02/NC delivers high reversible capacities(119.2 mAh g^(-1) at0.5 C),superior rate capability(98.1 mA h g^(-1) at 20 C)and excellent cycling performance.The structural evolution of NVPF-Zr-0.02/NC electrode,in-situ monitored by X-ray diffractometer,follows a step-wise Na-extraction/intercalation mechanism with reversible multi-phase changes,not just a solid-solutionreaction one.Full cells of NVPF-Zr-0.02/NC//hard carbon demonstrate high capacity(99.8 mA h g^(-1) at 0.5 C),high out-put voltage(3.5 V)and good cycling stability.This work is favorable to accelerate the development of high-performance cathode materials and explore possible redox reaction mechanisms of SIBs.
文摘A new rapid, simple and reproducible UV spectrophotometric method was developed and validated for the estimation of Naproxen Sodium (NpSd) in bulk and pharmaceutical formulation. The quantification of NpSd was done at 230 nm in methanol and in buffer of pH 6.8 and 9. Beer’s law was obeyed in the concentration range of 4 - 36 (r2 = 0.999) in methanol and 5 - 25 μgmL﹣1 in buffer of pH 6.8 and 9 (r2 = 0.988 and 0.997) respectively. The apparent molar absorptivity values were also calculated in all mediums. All parameters according to ICH guideline were tested and validated. The detection and quantitation limits were found to be 0.054, 0.083, 0.073 and 0.181, 0.251, 0.211 μgmL﹣1 respectively. These methods were applied directly to the analysis of the pharmaceutical tablet preparations (Anex? tablet 250 mg). The results demonstrated that the procedure is accurate, precise and reproducible (relative standard deviation 3%), while being simple, cheap and less time consuming and hence can be suitably applied for the estimation of NpSd in dosage forms and dissolution studies.
基金The National Natural Science Foundation of China,No.30570480
文摘AIM: To study liver cell apoptosis caused by the toxicity of selenium and observe the alteration of choline compounds using in vitro 9.4T high resolution magnetic resonance spectroscopy. METHODS: Twenty male Wistar rats were randomly divided into two groups. The rats in the treatment group were intraperitoneally injected with sodium selenite and the control group with distilled water. All rats were sacrifi ced and the livers were dissected. 1H-MRS data were collected using in vitro 9.4T high resolution magnetic resonance spectrometer. Spectra were processed using XWINNMR and MestRe-c 4.3. HE and TUNEL staining was employed to detect and confi rm the change of liver cells. RESULTS: Good 1H-MR spectra of perchloric acid extract from liver tissue of rats were obtained. The conventional metabolites were detected and assigned. Concentrations of different ingredient choline compounds in treatment group vs control group were as follows: total choline compounds,5.08 ± 0.97 mmol/L vs 3.81 ± 1.16 mmol/L (P = 0.05); and free choline,1.07 ± 0.23 mmol/L vs 0.65 ± 0.20 mmol/L (P = 0.00). However,there was no statistical signif icance between the two groups. The hepatic sinus and cellular structure of hepatic cells in treatmentgroup were abnormal. Apoptosis of hepatic cells was confi rmed by TUNEL assay. CONCLUSION: High dose selenium compounds can cause the rat liver lesion and induce cell apoptosis in vivo. High resolution 1H-MRS in vitro can detect diversified metabolism. The changing trend for different ingredient of choline compounds is not completely the same at early period of apoptosis.
基金Project(50434010) supported by the National Natural Science Foundation of China
文摘According to the principle of mass balances and thermodynamic data, lg [Me]—pH diagrams (Me=Ca, Mo) for Ca-Mo-CO3-H2O system at 25 ℃ were presented with total dissolved carbon-containing ions concentrations of 0.01 mol/L and 1 mol/L, and lg [Me]—pH diagram for Ca-Mo-H2O system at 25 ℃ was also depicted. The effects of system pH value and total dissolved carbon-containing ions concentrations on the concentrations of the species in Ca-Mo-CO3-H2O system were studied. The results show that the stability region of CaMoO4 reduces significantly in the presence of sodium carbonate. In order to achieve effective leaching of molybdenum from CaMoO4, a certain concentration of sodium carbonate is necessary. High total dissolved carbon-containing ions concentrations and high pH values facilitate to the leaching of CaMoO4 and dissolved sodium carbonate is an efficient leaching agent for decomposing CaMoO4.
基金the Institute of Particle and Science Engineering,University of Leeds and Procter&Gamble Newcastle Innovation Centre(UK)for partially funding the project
文摘Dissolution kinetics of sodium carbonate is investigated with the image analysis method at the approach of single particle.The dissolution experiments are carried out in an aqueous solution under a series of controlled temperature and p H.The selected sodium carbonate particles are all spherical with the same mass and diameter.The dissolution process is quantified with the measurement of particle diameter from dissolution images.The concentration of dissolved sodium carbonate in solvent is calculated with the measured diameter of particle.Both surface reaction model and mass transport model are implemented to determine the dissolution mechanism and quantify the dissolution rate constant at each experimental condition.According to the fitting results with both two models,it is clarified that the dissolution process at the increasing temperature is controlled by the mass transport of dissolved sodium carbonate travelling from particle surface into solvent.The dissolution process at the increasing pH is controlled by the chemical reaction on particle surface.Furthermore,the dissolution rate constant for each single spherical sodium carbonate particle is quantified and the results show that the dissolution rate constant of single spherical sodium carbonate increases significantly with the rising of temperature,but decreases with the increasing of pH conversely.
基金Projects Funded by the National Natural Science Foundation of China.Project No:81870364.
文摘Objective:To explore the meta-analysis of traditional Chinese medicine fumigation combined with sodium hyaluronate in the treatment of knee osteoarthritis.Methods: The database was originated from CNKI, Wanfang, Chongqing Weipu database, PubMed and so on. The deadline was April 2017. The database was searched with the keywords of'Chinese herbal fumigation','sodium hyaluronate' and'knee osteoarthritis'. Finally, 13 articles about the treatment of Chinese herbal fumigation combined with sodium hyaluronate were obtained. RCT literatures of knee osteoarthritis identified the outcome indicators as the effective rate and recovery rate. Lysholm's score was observed after treatment in both groups, and all the results were input into Review Manager 5.2 for analysis.Result: A total of 13 RCT literatures about the treatment of knee osteoarthritis with Chinese herbal fumigation and sodium hyaluronate were obtained. The control group was treated with sodium hyaluronate or anti-inflammatory drugs, totaling 619 cases. The study group was treated with sodium hyaluronate and Chinese herbal fumigation, totaling 649 cases. The combined effect of forest map OR=1.82, Z=5.00 (P<0.00001), 95% CI. (1.44, 2.30). Compared with sodium hyaluronate or anti-inflammatory drugs, fumigation with traditional Chinese medicine combined with sodium hyaluronate has obvious advantages in curing knee osteoarthritis. The combined effect of forest chart OR=5.55, Z=7.44 (P<0.00001), 95% CI (3.54, 8.73), indicating that compared with sodium hyaluronate or anti-inflammatory drugs, traditional Chinese medicine is used. Fumigation combined with sodium hyaluronate has obvious advantages in the treatment of knee osteoarthritis;forest map combined effect OR=12.11, Z=5.18 (P<0.00001), 95% CI (7.53, 16.68), indicating that compared with sodium hyaluronate or anti-inflammatory drugs, traditional Chinese medicine fumigation combined with sodium hyaluronate in the treatment of knee osteoarthritis can restore knee joint function. Advantages.Conclusion: Chinese herbal fumigation combined with sodium hyaluronate has obvious advantages in curing and effective rate of knee osteoarthritis, and can better restore knee joint function. Due to the lack of literature and low quality, the exact effect still needs to be confirmed by higher quality RCT literature.
文摘Objective:To evaluate the efficacy and safety of sodium fusidate ointment and mupirocin ointment in the treatment of bacteria-infected skin disease.Methods:The search terms“sodium fusidate ointment”,“mupirocin ointment”,“bacterial infection”,etc.were searched in the database of PubMed,EMbase,Cochrane,Web of Science,Wanfang,VIP,and CNKI.The search time was from inception to November 2019.Randomized controlled trials of sodium fusidate ointment and mupirocin ointment for the treatment of bacteria-infected skin disease were collected.Two studies independently performed literature screening,data extraction,and literature quality evaluation.Meta analysis was performed using RevMan 5.3 software.Results:A total of 14 literature were included,involving 1,825 patients,916 in the experimental group,and 909 in the control group.Meta analysis results showed that the total clinical effective rate of the experimental group(RR=1.12,95%CI(1.06,1.19),P<0.0001),degree of improvement in pruritus score(MD=−1.21,95%CI(−1.78,−0.64),P<0.0001),degree of improvement of eczema area and severity index score(MD=−2.47,95%CI(−3.92,−1.02),P=0.0008),and sensitivity rate of drug sensitivity test(RR=1.35,95%CI(1.24,1.46),P<0.00001)were better than those of control group.The incidence of adverse reactions(RR=0.18,95%CI(0.09,0.39),P<0.00001)was significantly smaller than that of control group.But the bacterial clearance rate(RR=1.22,95%CI(0.98,1.52),P=0.08)compared with the control group,the difference was not statistically significant.Conclusion:Sodium fusidate ointment is better than mupirocin ointment in the treatment of bacteria-infected skin disease,and it helps to improve the severity of disease and itching,and has good safety,which is worthy of clinical promotion.
基金The study was funded by the Middle-Aged and Young Teachers in Colleges and Universities in Guangxi Basic Ability Promotion Project(No.2017KY0581)and Natural Science Foundation of Guangxi Province(No.2018GXNSFAA138140).
文摘The purpose of this study is to use the newly synthesized molecule Sodium 8-(((carboxymethyl)amino)methyl)-4',7-bishydroxy-isoflavone-3'-sulfonate(M)as a research object,the pharmacological mechanism of the molecule was analyzed by using a series of Systematic pharmacology methods.The results show that the M molecule has a higher drug-like DL value of 0.59 and better molecular property parameters,namely Hdon=4,Hacc=10 and AlogP=0.94;A total of 11 M molecules related targets,namely F2,ESR1,AR,F10,CA2,DPP4,CCNA2,PRSS1,CDK2,GSK3B and PTPN1;A total of 140 diseases are associated with M molecule targets,and these diseases are mainly related to cancer and cardiovascular diseases;A total of 52 pathways involve the pharmacological mechanisms of M molecules,which are mainly related to cancer and other related diseases;GO-enriched analysis showed that these targets are closely related to the regulation of peptidase activity and biological processes such as blood coagulation and hemostasis.This article clearly demonstrated the pharmacological mechanism of M molecule,which provides references for exploring the pharmacological mechanism of new compounds.
文摘Surface water basins all over the world are very crucial in irrigation industries. Irrigation schemes are particularly crucial in the agricultural economies due largely to the fact that global climate change has led to drastic changes in rainfall patterns. As a result, rain-fed agriculture alone is no more sustainable and irrigation schemes are being encouraged as poverty reduction/eradication strategies in the developing countries. This study was conducted to assess the overall controls on surface water resources in the coastal and south-western river basins in Ghana, and determine the suitability of these surface waters for irrigation activities. Multivariate statistical methods were applied to data on the physico-chemical parameters from the coastal and southwestern river basins. This study finds that the quality of surface water from these basins is controlled principally by leachate of chemicals from solid and mine wastes, the chemistry of rainfall, weathering of underlying silicate mineral-rich rocks and sediments, agricultural and domestic wastes. All the parameters are within the acceptable national concentration ranges for most domestic and industrial purposes. Sodium adsorption ratio (SAR) was used to assess the quality of water from the two basins for irrigation activities. The SAR values for all the months and years sampled are lower than 4 and the electrical conductivity values are equally low due to generally low ionic concentrations. When plotted on the Wilcox diagram, the data for all the months for the two years of the study, plot within the “excellent to good” category, suggesting that water from the area is of acceptable quality for irrigation activities.
文摘<p> <span style="font-family:Verdana;">This work aims to characterize, synthesize and evaluate the biological activity of sodium barbitone and their metal chelates Ni(II), Pd(II) and Pt(II). The new synthesized metal chelates are investigated by elemental analysis, IR, mass spectra, thermal analysis and biological activity. Square planer structure of the prepared complexes obtained from the result of analysis. The antibacterial and antifungal of sodium barbitone ligand and its conforming metal chelates were screened against bacterial species Gram positive (<em>Staphylococcus aureus</em>), Gram negative bacteria (<em>Escherichia coli</em>) and fungi <em>Aspergillus flavus</em> and <em>Candida albicans</em> fungi. Ampicillin and amphotericin were used as references for antibacterial and antifungal studies. The activity data show that the plati</span><span style="font-family:Verdana;">num group metals chelates have activity data show that some of the platinum group metals (viz. Pt(II) and Pd(II)) chelates have a promising biological activity comparing to sodium barbitone parent free ligand against bacterial and fungal species.</span> </p>
文摘The cubic sodium tungsten bronzes, Na_xWO_3(x=0.854 and 0.814)were prepared by rare earths gaseous permeation method. Structural analysis was carried out by Rietveld method from powder X-ray diffraction data. The X-ray diffraction profile calculated with cubic P32 models are in good agreement with the observed X-ray diffraction patterns. There is only a little difference in W-O bond and Na-O bond between Na_(0.854)WO_3 and Na_(0.814)WO_3. Conductivity measurements indicate that Na_xWO_3 show anomalous semiconducting behavior and percolation model was used to interpret it.
文摘Objective To assess the efficiency and safety of a novel sodium-glucose co-transporter 2(SGLT2) inhibitor—SGLT2 inhibitors,in combination with insulin for type 1 diabetes mellitus(T1DM). Methods We searched Medline,Embase,and the Cochrane Collaboration Library to identify the eligible studies published between January 2010 and July 2016 without restriction of language. The Food and Drug Administration(FDA) data and Clinical Trials(http://www.clinicaltrials.gov) were also searched. The included studies met the following criteria:randomized controlled trials; T1DM patients aged between 18 and 65 years old; patients were treated with insulin plus SGLT2 inhibitors for more than 2 weeks; patients' glycosylated hemoglobin(HbA1c) levels were between 7% and 12%. The SGLT2 inhibitors group was treated with SGLT2 inhibitors plus insulin,and the placebo group received placebo plus insulin treatment. The outcomes should include one of the following items:fasting blood glucose,HbA1c,glycosuria,or adverse effects. Data were analyzed by two physicians independently. The risk of bias was evaluated by using the Cochrane Collaboration's Risk of Bias tool and heterogeneity among studies was assessed using Chi-square test. Random effect model was used to analyze the treatment effects with Revman 5.3. Results Three trials including 178 patients were enrolled. As compared to the placebo group,SGLT2 inhibitor absolutely decreased fasting blood glucose [mean differences(MD)-2.47 mmol/L,95% confidence interval(CI)-3.65 to-1.28,P<0.001] and insulin dosage(standardized MD-0.75 U,95%CI-1.17 to-0.33,P<0.001). SGLT2 inhibitors could also increase the excretion of urine glucose(MD 131.09 g/24 h,95%CI 91.79 to 170.39,P<0.001). There were no significant differences in the incidences of hyperglycemia [odds ratio(OR) 1.82,95%CI 0.63 to 5.29,P=0.27],urinary tract infection(OR 0.95,95%CI 0.19 to 4.85,P=0.95),genital tract infection(OR 0.27,95%CI 0.01 to 7.19,P=0.43),and diabetic ketoacidosis(OR 6.03,95%CI 0.27 to 135.99,P=0.26) between the two groups. Conclusion SGLT2 inhibitors combined with insulin might be an efficient and safe treatment modality for T1DM patients.