Effects of Curing Methods on the Permeability and Mechanism of Cover Concrete

Curing methods are one of the most important factors in determining the quality and compactness of cover concrete.The effect of curing methods on the water absorption and sorptivity coefficient of cover concrete with the substitution ratio of fly ash(FA)and ground granulated blast slag(GGBS)for cement between 30 wt%and 40 wt%was studied by capillary water absorption test.The vacuum saturation test and mercury intrusion test were employed to characterize these differences in the pore structure of cover concrete under different curing methods.With further analysis of the compactness of microstructure by SEM,the mechanism of the impact of curing methods on the permeability of cover concrete was revealed.The results obtained indicate that the effect of curing methods on the water absorption,sorptivity coefficient and porosity of cover concrete shows the trend of natural curing>cover curing>water curing>standard curing.It is also shown that reasonable curing is advantageous to reduce the porosity and permeability of cover concrete.In natural curing conditions,the appearance of porosity increasing and pore structure coarsening is more critical for covering concrete with mineral admixtures than for pure cement concrete.Therefore,the permeability of cover concrete with mineral admixtures is more sensitive to the early-age curing methods.

Land use and cover change and influencing factor analysis in the Shiyang River Basin,China

Land use and cover change(LUCC)is the most direct manifestation of the interaction between anthropological activities and the natural environment on Earth's surface,with significant impacts on the environment and social economy.Rapid economic development and climate change have resulted in significant changes in land use and cover.The Shiyang River Basin,located in the eastern part of the Hexi Corridor in China,has undergone significant climate change and LUCC over the past few decades.In this study,we used the random forest classification to obtain the land use and cover datasets of the Shiyang River Basin in 1991,1995,2000,2005,2010,2015,and 2020 based on Landsat images.We validated the land use and cover data in 2015 from the random forest classification results(this study),the high-resolution dataset of annual global land cover from 2000 to 2015(AGLC-2000-2015),the global 30 m land cover classification with a fine classification system(GLC_FCS30),and the first Landsat-derived annual China Land Cover Dataset(CLCD)against ground-truth classification results to evaluate the accuracy of the classification results in this study.Furthermore,we explored and compared the spatiotemporal patterns of LUCC in the upper,middle,and lower reaches of the Shiyang River Basin over the past 30 years,and employed the random forest importance ranking method to analyze the influencing factors of LUCC based on natural(evapotranspiration,precipitation,temperature,and surface soil moisture)and anthropogenic(nighttime light,gross domestic product(GDP),and population)factors.The results indicated that the random forest classification results for land use and cover in the Shiyang River Basin in 2015 outperformed the AGLC-2000-2015,GLC_FCS30,and CLCD datasets in both overall and partial validations.Moreover,the classification results in this study exhibited a high level of agreement with the ground truth features.From 1991 to 2020,the area of bare land exhibited a decreasing trend,with changes primarily occurring in the middle and lower reaches of the basin.The area of grassland initially decreased and then increased,with changes occurring mainly in the upper and middle reaches of the basin.In contrast,the area of cropland initially increased and then decreased,with changes occurring in the middle and lower reaches.The LUCC was influenced by both natural and anthropogenic factors.Climatic factors and population contributed significantly to LUCC,and the importance values of evapotranspiration,precipitation,temperature,and population were 22.12%,32.41%,21.89%,and 19.65%,respectively.Moreover,policy interventions also played an important role.Land use and cover in the Shiyang River Basin exhibited fluctuating changes over the past 30 years,with the ecological environment improving in the last 10 years.This suggests that governance efforts in the study area have had some effects,and the government can continue to move in this direction in the future.The findings can provide crucial insights for related research and regional sustainable development in the Shiyang River Basin and other similar arid and semi-arid areas.

A generalized cover renewal strategy for multiple crack propagation in two-dimensional numerical manifold method

Partition of unity based numerical manifold method can solve continuous and discontinuous problems in a unified framework with a two-cover system,i.e.,the mathematical cover and physical cover.However,renewal of the topology of the two-cover system poses a challenge for multiple crack propagation problems and there are few references.In this study,a robust and efficient strategy is proposed to update the cover system of the numerical manifold method in simulation of multiple crack propagation problems.The proposed algorithm updates the cover system with a bottom-up process:1)identification of fractured manifold elements according to the previous and latest crack tip position;and 2)local topological update of the manifold elements,physical patches,block boundary loops,and non-persistent joint loops according to the scenario classification of the propagating crack.The proposed crack tracking strategy and classification of the renewal cases promote a robust and efficient cover renewal algorithm for multiple crack propagation analysis.Three crack propagation examples show that the proposed algorithm performs well in updating the cover system.This cover renewal methodology can be extended for numerical manifold method with polygonal mathematical covers.

Study on covering rough sets with topological methods

The authors study the covering rough sets by topological methods. They combine the covering rough sets and topological spaces by means of defining some new types of spaces called covering rough topological (CRT) spaces based on neighbourhoods or complementary neighbourhoods. As the separation axioms play a fundamental role in general topology, they introduce all these axioms into covering rough set theories and thoroughly study the equivalent conditions for every separation axiom in several CRT spaces. They also investigate the relationships between the separation axioms in these special spaces and reveal these relationships through diagrams in different CRT spaces.

Risk identification and risk mitigation during metro station construction by enlarging shield tunnel combined with cut-and-cover method

Constructing a metro station by enlarging shield tunnels combined with a mining/cut-and-cover method provides a new method to solve the contradictions of construction time limits of shield tunnels and stations. As a new-style construction method, there are several specific risks involved in the construction process. Based on the test section of Sanyuanqiao station on Beijing metro line 10, and combined with the existing methods of risk identification at present, including a review of world-wide operational experience of similar projects, the study of generic guidance on hazards associated with the type of work being undertaken, and discussions with qualified and experienced staff from the project team, etc., the specific risks during the construction process of the metro station constructed by enlarging shield tunnels combined with the cut-and-cover method are identified. The results show that the specific risks mainly come from three construction processes which include constructing upper enclosure structures, excavating the soil between shield tunnels and demolishing shield segments. Then relevant risk mitigation measures are put forward. The results can provide references for scheme improvement and a comprehensive risk assessment of the new-style construction method.

Analysis of VIV for Barrel-Shaped Mast with Covering Ice by HPD-S Method

The vortex-induced vibrations （VIV） of barrel-shaped mast are calculated by three numerical metods, i.e. New- mark- β, HPD-L （High Precision Direct integration scheme-Linear form）, and HPD-S （High Precision Direct integration scheme-Sinusoidal form）. According to the measured value, the accuracy curves are given to show the advantages of HPD-S method over others. Based on the comparison above, HPD-S method is used to calculate the influence of ice covering on the mast to VIV responses. It has been proved that the vortex-induced responses of barrel-shaped mast are changed along with ice thicknesses and types.

高速列车转向架底部包覆板气动减阻效果研究

转向架的复杂机械结构及非流线化外形对高速列车气动性能产生不利影响,优化列车转向架底部流场结构,降低转向架的气动阻力占比,是进一步降低高速列车气动阻力的重要手段。为此,参考现有高速列车转向架结构设计2种转向架底部包覆板,并建立3种转向架包覆方案:方案一为带倾角包覆板+全包围裙板;方案二为平直包覆板+全包围裙板;方案三作为对照组未安装底部包覆板。基于k−ω方程湍流模型,探究不同包覆方案下高速列车气动阻力变化规律,对比分析3种方案对转向架及整车气动阻力、转向架舱内压力分布以及列车底部流动特性的影响,并通过全尺寸转向架风洞试验验证数值仿真的可靠性。研究结果表明:转向架包覆板有效减弱了气流对转向架零部件以及转向架舱后端板的冲击,使得转向架舱内压力分布更均匀,进而降低了转向架气动阻力;方案一和方案二分别使头车阻力系数降低17.3%和22.2%,整车阻力系数降低11.6%和12.9%;与方案二相比,方案一中包覆板两端的倾角能够引导气流进入转向架舱内部,加速舱内的流动循环,有利于牵引电机、轴盘等转向架零部件与外部空气的换热。研究结果可为进一步优化转向架包覆板设计方案、降低列车气动阻力提供参考。

盖挖法地铁基坑施工对围护结构及其与立柱差异沉降影响

本文依托武汉地铁12号线中一路站基坑工程,采用Plaxis3D有限元软件建立数值模型,研究不同施工阶段地连墙水平位移、地表沉降和地连墙与立柱差异沉降的影响及变化规律;与明挖法相比,采用主体结构多次分段浇筑并架设内支撑方法对原方案进行优化分析。结果表明:随着基坑的开挖,地连墙水平位移和地表沉降逐渐增大,而地连墙与立柱的差异沉降呈现波动变化;与明挖法进行对比,盖挖法可有效控制基坑变形和降低对周边环境的影响;随着分段浇筑的层数和支撑道数的增加,基坑变形有减小的趋势,地连墙与立柱的差异沉降依旧呈现波动变化,当每个楼板间分3层浇筑且中间架设两道撑时,地连墙最大水平位移可减少22.47%左右,最大地表沉降可减少19.01%左右,本文得到的结论可为类似工程的设计和施工提供参考。

DRG支付方式带给中国医疗服务体系发展的机遇与挑战分析

DRG支付方式是中国医疗服务体系高质量发展的机遇,体现在DRG是促进医疗管理和绩效管理升级的有效工具,DRG支付方式改革将促进医院病案质量的提升、促进合理用药和临床药学的发展、推动医用耗材的精细化管理、促进检验与临床诊疗的更好结合及医疗服务效率的提高、医疗服务体系的重塑。同时,DRG的科学设置与执行能力、门诊统筹的建立对医保支付管理的要求、基层医务人员的素质对建立基层首诊与转诊制度的阻碍、门诊共济制度下的基层与医院门诊服务支付方式等问题,是对支付方式改革和中国医疗服务体系的挑战。中国医疗服务提供体系未来的变化趋势为三级医疗机构规模的压缩和基层社区守门人制度的建立,影响改革的重要因素之一是医疗服务价格机制改革。

基于LBM-DEM细观数值模拟的水力诱导覆盖型岩溶地面塌陷发育过程分析

文章以水力驱动的覆盖型岩溶地面塌陷为背景,基于离散元方法和格子Boltzmann方法,采用Bouzidi插值反弹边界格式和动量交换法,建立一种可以从细观角度模拟覆盖型岩溶塌陷的二维格子Boltzmann方法—离散元方法流固耦合模型。在此基础上对承压水下降引起的覆盖型岩溶塌陷数值模拟开展了探索性研究。模拟结果表明:承压水位下降工况中地下水主要对隔水层岩溶开口处的颗粒产生影响,对土洞周围土体产生向下的作用力;土体颗粒的剥落容易造成土颗粒原位置和上方位置处水压的陡降,从而造成较强的水力坡降,使得地下水对内部颗粒作用力陡增,容易引起上方颗粒在地下水作用力和重力作用下失稳,导致从土体颗粒失稳至土层塌陷逐渐加速。研究成果对进一步从细观尺度进行水力驱动的覆盖型岩溶地面塌陷的发育过程与特征研究具有理论及实际意义。

外置转向架包覆对高速列车气动阻力影响

转向架作为高速列车大面积裸露在外且外形复杂的运行部件受到列车底部气流的直接作用,区域气动外形结构对高速列车整车气动阻力具有重要影响。基于三维稳态SST k-ω双方程湍流模型,采用数值仿真方法研究了轴箱外置式转向架不同包覆方式对高速列车气动性能的影响。研究了转向架区域安装小裙板、半包裙板、全包裙板、全包裙板+小底板以及全包裙板+大底板等5种方案下的高速列车气动性能,比较了不同方案下高速列车气动阻力的变化规律,阐明了高速转向架包覆方式对整车气动阻力、车底流动特性以及列车表面压力分布的影响。研究结果表明:随着转向架裙板包覆面积的增加,转向架腔后端板受到的气流冲击逐渐减弱,后端板上的正压分布降低,列车转向架区域周围的边界层厚度逐渐减小,转向架区域内的压力分布差异性逐渐减小,从而实现了列车整车气动阻力系数的降低。与小裙板模型相比,半包裙板、全包裙板、全包裙板+小底板以及全包裙板+大底板模型的列车气动阻力系数分别降低了5.2%、8.65%、10.3%、11.1%。对于轴箱外置式转向架来说,全包裙板+大底板方案可有效改善转向架区域流场,降低整车气动阻力。研究得到的转向架包覆方式将为新一代高速列车气动减阻设计提供有利支撑,实现列车气动节能。

基于多季相分形特征的Landsat 8 OLI影像耕地信息提取方法

利用遥感技术快速准确地提取耕地信息是耕地保护的关键环节。以山东省商河县为例,提出了一种基于多季相分形特征的Landsat 8 OLI影像耕地信息提取方法。首先采用毯子覆盖法计算多季相遥感影像每个像元的上分形信号和下分形信号,对比分析耕地和其他土地利用类型的分形特征,选取上分形信号的第3尺度作为特征尺度,提取商河县耕地空间分布特征;其次采用同时期的土地利用矢量数据、Esri land cover数据和统计数据进行耕地信息提取精度评价;最后分别设置多季相分形提取与单季相分形提取、现有土地利用数据产品的对比实验,并基于点位匹配度和面积匹配度进行评价。结果表明:多季相数据更能反映农作物生长的复杂性,有助于提高耕地信息的提取精度;不同土地利用类型在不同分形尺度的信号值各不相同,分形特征可以在不同尺度上清晰地刻画出不同土地利用类型的分异性;基于矢量数据和Esri land cover数据评价的多季相分形特征耕地提取点位匹配度为87.13%和89.83%,面积匹配度为99.73%和97.91%,均比单季相分形提取结果精度高;综合考虑点位匹配度、面积匹配度和空间分布特征,研发方法能有效区分耕地和其他土地利用类型,提取结果更优,且与统计数据有更高的一致性。该方法可准确提取耕地信息,为耕地的动态监测和损害评估提供技术支撑。

基于分形特征和阈值分析的图像边缘检测

针对传统的边缘检测算法对噪声敏感且伪边缘较多,提出一种基于分形特征和阈值分析的图像边缘检测方法。该方法利用改进的毯覆盖算法计算出图像的分形特征,将图像的灰度分布映射到分形维数空间上,再根据提取的分形特征图进行阈值分析,获得高低两个阈值,将像素值分为非边缘、弱边缘和强边缘3类,再对弱边缘像素进一步加以判断。实验结果与其他算法相比较表明,该算法检测出来的图像边缘伪边缘和噪声最少。

荒漠浅覆盖区萤石矿定位预测技术研究

北山地区是中国西北部重要的萤石成矿带,区内成矿地质条件优越,但地处戈壁荒漠,受浅覆盖层影响,地表仅可观察到极少量露头,需开展综合地球物理研究为区域成矿潜力及覆盖区下方矿脉赋存空间进行定位预测研究。以北山成矿带东段花石头山地区为示范,采用高精度磁法、激电中梯、地面伽马能谱测量、便携式X射线荧光分析及音频大地电磁测深等技术手段进行综合探测,其中面积性激电和磁法工作可有效识别隐伏赋矿空间分布,地面伽马能谱测量、便携式X射线荧光分析约束赋矿空间的矿化异常,音频大地电磁测深构建了隐伏萤石矿赋存位置深部结构模型,并通过工程验证方法组合的有效性。本研究建立了综合地质-地球物理定位预测技术方法组合,可为北山成矿带及戈壁荒漠浅覆盖区萤石矿定位预测提供理论和技术支持。

基于芯片剥离参数分析的蓝膜固定直径可调式顶针罩设计与分析

针对现有芯片剥离工艺参数理论分析只进行单独参数分析并不考虑参数之间相互影响的问题,文中采用田口方法对在芯片剥离过程中的蓝膜固定直径和蓝膜底部真空吸附力这两个工艺参数进行了主次效应分析和交互作用分析,得出了蓝膜固定直径是影响芯片剥离的主要影响因素而蓝膜底部吸附力是次要影响因素的结论;进而基于该结论,设计了一种可调节蓝膜固定直径的顶针罩装置,并采用了ANSYS软件的流体模块分析和验证了这种可调节蓝膜固定直径顶针罩装置的可行性,为提高芯片剥离效率和增加芯片良品率提供新的思路。

黑土区坡耕地土壤侵蚀及水分利用效率对不同覆盖耕作模式的响应

为揭示不同覆盖耕作模式对黑土区坡耕地土壤侵蚀防治及水分利用效率的影响机制,设置顺坡免耕碎秆均匀覆盖(SM)、顺坡免耕覆盖作物(SC)、横坡免耕碎秆均匀覆盖(CM)和传统耕作(CK)4种覆盖耕作模式,研究分析黑土区坡耕地土壤水分动态变化规律,明确不同覆盖耕作模式的土壤侵蚀特征,分析不同覆盖耕作模式对水分利用效率的影响.结果表明:顺坡免耕碎秆均匀覆盖(SM)、顺坡免耕覆盖作物(SC)和横坡免耕碎秆均匀覆盖(CM)均能不同程度地增加土壤水分含量,防治土壤侵蚀和提高水分利用效率.SM处理、SC处理与CM处理较CK处理0~80 cm不同土层土壤含水率分别提高9.34%~18.20%,5.30%~11.54%和9.12%~19.84%;径流量、侵蚀量、降雨量和最大30 min雨强(I_(30))均与水分利用效率呈显著负相关性;SM处理、SC处理和CM处理的水分利用效率较CK处理均有提高,其增幅介于1.18%~10.76%.通过对比分析减流减蚀效果和水分利用效率,发现在防治土壤侵蚀,蓄水保墒及提高水分利用效率方面,横坡免耕碎秆均匀覆盖模式效果更好.

紊流随机风场下多相多分裂覆冰输电导线舞动的相间闪络概率评估

针对覆冰输电导线在紊流随机风场中舞动的相间闪络问题,提出了一种多相多分裂覆冰导线舞动的相间闪络概率评估方法。首先,通过生成覆冰导线在紊流随机风场中舞动时的随机风荷载,结合多相多分裂覆冰输电导线有限元模型对紊流随机风场中的导线舞动响应进行模拟;其次,通过等价极值分布法构建了多相多分裂覆冰输电导线舞动时的相间闪络失效准则,基于概率密度演化法发展了一种多相多分裂覆冰导线在紊流随机风场中发生非同步舞动的相间闪络概率评估框架;最后,对某单跨三相四分裂覆冰输电导线算例进行分析。结果表明:1)不同相对位置的覆冰导线相间闪络概率评估结果差异明显,并且相较稳态风场情况,紊流随机风场作用下的各相导线相间闪络概率密度曲线峰值位置左移,峰值存在明显的降低;2)随着紊流度的增加,各相覆冰导线在紊流随机风场中舞动时更易发生相间闪络;3)该跨覆冰导线的相间闪络概率随平均风速的增加呈现先升后降的变化趋势,不同初始风攻角工况的各相导线相间闪络概率差异明显。

盖挖与明挖组合建造地下交通枢纽方案研究

为满足北京城市副中心地下交通枢纽区域内的城市道路先行投入运营的需求,提出采用盖挖法与明挖法组合方法进行地下枢纽基坑开挖与支护的方案,主要特点如下:(1)将地下交通枢纽基坑分割为“盖挖基坑、明挖基坑和多级放坡基坑”等3个并列布置基坑;(2)盖挖区基坑与明挖基坑共用围护结构;(3)先完成盖挖区顶板结构施工,恢复城市道路运营,然后采用逆作法完成盖挖区负一层施工,随后同步开挖支护盖挖区两侧的明挖基坑和放坡区基坑;(4)盖挖区负二层和负三层采用顺作法施工。论文详细阐述了盖挖与明挖组合工法的施工工序,分析了组合工法的优势。鉴于盖挖区钢管柱始终处于基坑开挖扰动中,为此采用数值模拟方法并结合现场监测结果,分析了基坑开挖期间的钢管柱变形规律。结果表明,钢管柱水平变形和隆起变形指标均满足控制要求。本文提出的盖挖与明挖组合建造方案不但能确保地下交通枢纽区域内的城市道路尽快投入运营,而且并列基坑群中的3个基坑开挖支护及结构浇筑基本上相互独立,有效降低了盖挖区和明挖区基坑施工的相互影响,提高了施工效率。

低空航磁在浅覆盖区预测成矿靶区的勘查效果评价

我国黄土覆盖区面积广阔,黄土浅覆盖区岩(矿)石出露较少,地质及地球化学等地表勘查技术难以发挥作用,矿产资源勘查程度总体偏低,在黄土覆盖区如何快速、有效地圈定成矿有利区靶区,是目前存在的主要难题。本文主要介绍了在黄土浅覆盖区开展低空航磁测量,通过对取得的磁测ΔT做化极处理,结合实地调查划分了区内的主要断裂构造,进一步对化极后的ΔT做向上延拓处理,以及垂向二阶导数等处理,根据地表花岗岩体出露情况,结合地质及成矿理论,有效圈定了成矿靶区。通过地面查证、槽探揭露和钻探验证,在钻孔深度131.52 m、150.1 m、162.32 m处见得三层钨矿体,在146.24 m处见得一层铷矿体。并提交了小型矿产地一处,取得了较好的找矿效果,可为其他类似黄土覆盖区找矿提供参考。

基于隶属函数法对不同材料膜覆盖花生影响评价

利用隶属函数法对不同材料膜覆盖下的花生生长影响进行了评价,结果表明,形态学方面,塑料地膜覆盖效果最优,纤维黑色纸膜次之,对照(无覆盖)最差;光合方面,液态生物降解膜覆盖效果最优,粉剂生物降解膜次之,对照最差;水分利用方面,粉剂生物降解膜覆盖效果最优,液态生物降解膜次之,对照最差;产量方面,粉剂生物降解膜效果最佳,塑料地膜和液态生物降解膜次之,对照亦最差。隶属函数法可以解决同类间不同指标所得的结论不一致的矛盾,可以准确反映出不同材料膜覆盖对花生生长的影响。