Based on Iran's sixth development plan,the country's oil and gas industry requires an investment of about$200 bn in the next five years to increase production.The Iranian government,to attract and motivate int...Based on Iran's sixth development plan,the country's oil and gas industry requires an investment of about$200 bn in the next five years to increase production.The Iranian government,to attract and motivate international oil company investment in their oil and gas fields,has presented a new type of risk service contract:the Iranian Petroleum Contract(IPC).This paper summarizes the features of the IPC and presents mathematical models of its fiscal regime for the benefit and guidance of both the National Iranian Oil Company(NIOC)and the contractors.Next,adopting bargaining game theory provides a mathematical model for reaching a win-win situation between the NIOC and the contractor.Finally,a numerical example is given and a sensitivity analysis performed to illustrate the implementation of the proposed models.The contractor and the NIOC may use these models when preparing their proposal and in the course of actual negotiations to calculate their internal rate of return,remuneration fee,and net present value for developing the fields at different conditions of their bargaining power,and derive a logical bargain to protect their best possible interests.展开更多
Currently,limited licensed frequency bands cannot meet the increasing demands for various wireless communication applications any more.It is necessary to extend wireless communication networks to unlicensed spectrum.I...Currently,limited licensed frequency bands cannot meet the increasing demands for various wireless communication applications any more.It is necessary to extend wireless communication networks to unlicensed spectrum.In this paper,we propose a new bargaining framework for unlicensed band access to achieve high spectrum efficiency,where one radio access technology(RAT)(such as macro cellular network)“competes”the unlicensed bands with multiple other RATs(such as small cellular networks or Wi-Fi)virtually.Considering that macro cell can share unlicensed frequencies with multiple small cells which are in the same coverage area for more freedom,we use bargaining game theory to fairly and effectively share the unlicensed spectrum between macro and multiple heterogeneous small cell networks,where bargaining loss and time dissipation loss for virtual“price”of unlicensed bands are mainly considered.In the oneto-many bargaining process,we also develop a multiple RAT alliance game strategy to reduce transmission loss in a joint manner.Simulation results show that the proposed unlicensed band sharing algorithm significantly improves the spectrum efficiency performance compared with the other practical schemes for heterogeneous networks.展开更多
Wireless cooperative communications require appropriate power allocation (PA) between the source and relay nodes. In selfish cooperative communication networks, two partner user nodes could help relaying information...Wireless cooperative communications require appropriate power allocation (PA) between the source and relay nodes. In selfish cooperative communication networks, two partner user nodes could help relaying information for each other, but each user node has the incentive to consume his power solely to decrease its own symbol error rate (SER) at the receiver. In this paper, we propose a fair and efficient PA scheme for the decode-and-forward cooperation protocol in selfish cooperative relay networks. We formulate this PA problem as a two-user cooperative bargaining game, and use Nash bargaining solution (NBS) to achieve a win-win strategy for both partner users. Simulation results indicate that the NBS is fair in that the degree of cooperation of a user only depends on how much contribution its partner can make to decrease its SER at the receiver, and efficient in the sense that the SER performance of both users could be improved through the game.展开更多
随着全国碳交易市场政策落地,为充分挖掘区域综合能源系统(regional integrated energy system,RIES)低碳减排能力,提高多区域综合能源系统接入主动配电网(active distribution network,ADN)的经济交互效益,提出了考虑灵活性资源与低碳...随着全国碳交易市场政策落地,为充分挖掘区域综合能源系统(regional integrated energy system,RIES)低碳减排能力,提高多区域综合能源系统接入主动配电网(active distribution network,ADN)的经济交互效益,提出了考虑灵活性资源与低碳交互结构的区域综合能源系统联盟参与配电网调峰调度的优化调度策略。建立了以主动配电网为主体,区域综合能源系统联盟为从体的主从博弈模型。主体以最大化交互效益目标制定分时电价策略,从体成员间通过联络线实现多能共享,考虑碳交易制度以供能与碳交易成本之和最小为目标,响应主体电价策略,建立了下层多区域综合能源系统联盟合作博弈优化模型。引入包含需求响应、储能和电动汽车在内的灵活性资源,配合碳捕集-电转气耦合机组优化联盟内部各系统的低碳供能策略,满足联盟负荷需求。基于纳什议价理论完成联盟成员合作收益的分配。通过算例验证所提策略能够有效减少各区域综合能源系统碳排放,并保障主从交互经济效益。展开更多
以能源交易为背景,针对多微电网合作中的运行优化问题,提出了基于Nash议价模型的合作博弈策略,旨在实现微电网之间的合作,以最大化整体利益,同时考虑能源交易和成本优化。首先,将各微电网视为博弈参与者,构建了基于Nash议价理论的多微...以能源交易为背景,针对多微电网合作中的运行优化问题,提出了基于Nash议价模型的合作博弈策略,旨在实现微电网之间的合作,以最大化整体利益,同时考虑能源交易和成本优化。首先,将各微电网视为博弈参与者,构建了基于Nash议价理论的多微电网合作博弈模型,通过选择能源交易策略和运行策略来影响其能源成本和效益。其次,采用交替方向乘子法(alternating direction multiplier method,ADMM)求解此多参与者优化问题,通过将原问题分解为子问题并引入乘子变量来实现迭代求解。最后,在每次迭代中,各微电网根据其局部信息更新能源交易和运行策略,并利用乘子变量进行信息交换和博弈协调,以达到全局一致性。结果表明,该策略在多微电网合作中能够实现整体性能的提升,有效促进了可再生能源的消纳水平,平衡了各参与者的利益,同时降低了能源成本。展开更多
随着分布式能源的发展,传统用户具备发电能力而成为产消者(production and consumption users,PCU)的趋势愈演愈烈,该文主要研究了同一微能网下大量产消者的协同运行问题。电价不确定性和产消者响应给微能网协同不同利益主体的PCU之间...随着分布式能源的发展,传统用户具备发电能力而成为产消者(production and consumption users,PCU)的趋势愈演愈烈,该文主要研究了同一微能网下大量产消者的协同运行问题。电价不确定性和产消者响应给微能网协同不同利益主体的PCU之间的调度带来困难。在此背景下提出考虑产消者响应与电价不确定性的微能网与产消者混合博弈优化策略。首先,构建产消者响应模型和电价不确定性模型,引入效用函数来描述PCU的满意程度,采用鲁棒优化和机会约束方法描述电价的不确定性与新能源出力的不确定性。其次,构建混合博弈模型,即上层微能网运营商(integrated energy operator,IEO)与下层PCU之间的主从博弈模型和下层PCU联盟之间的合作博弈模型。上层IEO作为主从博弈的领导者以运行成本最小化为目标,通过为产消者制定电价、热价引导产消者的用能需求;下层产消者作为跟随者,以效益最大为目标通过合作方式对IEO的决策进行产消者响应。PCU之间的合作博弈以纳什议价的方式进行,将PCU模型等效为联盟收益最大化和合作分配两个子问题。基于KKT条件利用Big-M法和Mc Cormick包络法将双层问题转换为单层混合整数线性规划问题求解主从博弈,结合交替方向乘子法(alternating direction multiplier method,ADMM)求解下层合作博弈。结果表明,该文所提策略有效协调了微能网与PCU的调度并保证了PCU合作联盟的公平性。展开更多
为充分挖掘综合能源微网(integrated energy microgrid, IEM)的潜在价值,促进可再生能源消纳,针对同一配电网下的多个IEM协同管理问题进行研究,提出了一种基于双层博弈的配电网-多IEM协同优化模型。对于IEM模型的构建,考虑在热电联产机...为充分挖掘综合能源微网(integrated energy microgrid, IEM)的潜在价值,促进可再生能源消纳,针对同一配电网下的多个IEM协同管理问题进行研究,提出了一种基于双层博弈的配电网-多IEM协同优化模型。对于IEM模型的构建,考虑在热电联产机组中加入碳捕集系统以及电转气装置,用来获取低碳效益。同时,针对IEM中可再生能源与负荷不确定性问题,采用鲁棒区间规划进行处理。首先,构建配电网运营商(distribution system operator,DSO)与IEM联盟系统模型框架,分析其不同主体间的博弈关系。其次,对于双层博弈,分为主从博弈与合作博弈。DSO作为博弈领导者,以自身效益最大为目标制定电价引导IEM联盟响应。IEM联盟作为博弈跟随者,以自身运行成本最小为目标,通过成员间互相合作能源共享响应DSO的决策。同时采用纳什谈判理论解决IEM联盟的合作运行问题,使用二分法与交替方向乘子法结合求解模型。最后,在算例中验证所提模型与方法的可行性和有效性。展开更多
文摘Based on Iran's sixth development plan,the country's oil and gas industry requires an investment of about$200 bn in the next five years to increase production.The Iranian government,to attract and motivate international oil company investment in their oil and gas fields,has presented a new type of risk service contract:the Iranian Petroleum Contract(IPC).This paper summarizes the features of the IPC and presents mathematical models of its fiscal regime for the benefit and guidance of both the National Iranian Oil Company(NIOC)and the contractors.Next,adopting bargaining game theory provides a mathematical model for reaching a win-win situation between the NIOC and the contractor.Finally,a numerical example is given and a sensitivity analysis performed to illustrate the implementation of the proposed models.The contractor and the NIOC may use these models when preparing their proposal and in the course of actual negotiations to calculate their internal rate of return,remuneration fee,and net present value for developing the fields at different conditions of their bargaining power,and derive a logical bargain to protect their best possible interests.
基金the National Natural Science Foundation of China under Grant 61871433,61828103in part by the Research Platform of South China Normal University and Foshan
文摘Currently,limited licensed frequency bands cannot meet the increasing demands for various wireless communication applications any more.It is necessary to extend wireless communication networks to unlicensed spectrum.In this paper,we propose a new bargaining framework for unlicensed band access to achieve high spectrum efficiency,where one radio access technology(RAT)(such as macro cellular network)“competes”the unlicensed bands with multiple other RATs(such as small cellular networks or Wi-Fi)virtually.Considering that macro cell can share unlicensed frequencies with multiple small cells which are in the same coverage area for more freedom,we use bargaining game theory to fairly and effectively share the unlicensed spectrum between macro and multiple heterogeneous small cell networks,where bargaining loss and time dissipation loss for virtual“price”of unlicensed bands are mainly considered.In the oneto-many bargaining process,we also develop a multiple RAT alliance game strategy to reduce transmission loss in a joint manner.Simulation results show that the proposed unlicensed band sharing algorithm significantly improves the spectrum efficiency performance compared with the other practical schemes for heterogeneous networks.
基金supported by National Natural Science Foundation of China (No. 60972059)Project Funded by the Priority Academic Program Development of Jiangsu Higher Education Institutions (PAPD)+3 种基金Fundamental Research Funds for the Central Universities of China (Nos. 2010QNA27 and 2011QNB26)China Postdoctoral Science Foundation (No. 20100481185)the Ph. D. Programs Foundation of Ministry of Education of China (Nos. 20090095120013 and 20110095120006)Talent Introduction Program, and Young Teacher Sailing Program of China University of Mining and Technology
文摘Wireless cooperative communications require appropriate power allocation (PA) between the source and relay nodes. In selfish cooperative communication networks, two partner user nodes could help relaying information for each other, but each user node has the incentive to consume his power solely to decrease its own symbol error rate (SER) at the receiver. In this paper, we propose a fair and efficient PA scheme for the decode-and-forward cooperation protocol in selfish cooperative relay networks. We formulate this PA problem as a two-user cooperative bargaining game, and use Nash bargaining solution (NBS) to achieve a win-win strategy for both partner users. Simulation results indicate that the NBS is fair in that the degree of cooperation of a user only depends on how much contribution its partner can make to decrease its SER at the receiver, and efficient in the sense that the SER performance of both users could be improved through the game.
文摘随着全国碳交易市场政策落地,为充分挖掘区域综合能源系统(regional integrated energy system,RIES)低碳减排能力,提高多区域综合能源系统接入主动配电网(active distribution network,ADN)的经济交互效益,提出了考虑灵活性资源与低碳交互结构的区域综合能源系统联盟参与配电网调峰调度的优化调度策略。建立了以主动配电网为主体,区域综合能源系统联盟为从体的主从博弈模型。主体以最大化交互效益目标制定分时电价策略,从体成员间通过联络线实现多能共享,考虑碳交易制度以供能与碳交易成本之和最小为目标,响应主体电价策略,建立了下层多区域综合能源系统联盟合作博弈优化模型。引入包含需求响应、储能和电动汽车在内的灵活性资源,配合碳捕集-电转气耦合机组优化联盟内部各系统的低碳供能策略,满足联盟负荷需求。基于纳什议价理论完成联盟成员合作收益的分配。通过算例验证所提策略能够有效减少各区域综合能源系统碳排放,并保障主从交互经济效益。
文摘以能源交易为背景,针对多微电网合作中的运行优化问题,提出了基于Nash议价模型的合作博弈策略,旨在实现微电网之间的合作,以最大化整体利益,同时考虑能源交易和成本优化。首先,将各微电网视为博弈参与者,构建了基于Nash议价理论的多微电网合作博弈模型,通过选择能源交易策略和运行策略来影响其能源成本和效益。其次,采用交替方向乘子法(alternating direction multiplier method,ADMM)求解此多参与者优化问题,通过将原问题分解为子问题并引入乘子变量来实现迭代求解。最后,在每次迭代中,各微电网根据其局部信息更新能源交易和运行策略,并利用乘子变量进行信息交换和博弈协调,以达到全局一致性。结果表明,该策略在多微电网合作中能够实现整体性能的提升,有效促进了可再生能源的消纳水平,平衡了各参与者的利益,同时降低了能源成本。
文摘随着分布式能源的发展,传统用户具备发电能力而成为产消者(production and consumption users,PCU)的趋势愈演愈烈,该文主要研究了同一微能网下大量产消者的协同运行问题。电价不确定性和产消者响应给微能网协同不同利益主体的PCU之间的调度带来困难。在此背景下提出考虑产消者响应与电价不确定性的微能网与产消者混合博弈优化策略。首先,构建产消者响应模型和电价不确定性模型,引入效用函数来描述PCU的满意程度,采用鲁棒优化和机会约束方法描述电价的不确定性与新能源出力的不确定性。其次,构建混合博弈模型,即上层微能网运营商(integrated energy operator,IEO)与下层PCU之间的主从博弈模型和下层PCU联盟之间的合作博弈模型。上层IEO作为主从博弈的领导者以运行成本最小化为目标,通过为产消者制定电价、热价引导产消者的用能需求;下层产消者作为跟随者,以效益最大为目标通过合作方式对IEO的决策进行产消者响应。PCU之间的合作博弈以纳什议价的方式进行,将PCU模型等效为联盟收益最大化和合作分配两个子问题。基于KKT条件利用Big-M法和Mc Cormick包络法将双层问题转换为单层混合整数线性规划问题求解主从博弈,结合交替方向乘子法(alternating direction multiplier method,ADMM)求解下层合作博弈。结果表明,该文所提策略有效协调了微能网与PCU的调度并保证了PCU合作联盟的公平性。
文摘为充分挖掘综合能源微网(integrated energy microgrid, IEM)的潜在价值,促进可再生能源消纳,针对同一配电网下的多个IEM协同管理问题进行研究,提出了一种基于双层博弈的配电网-多IEM协同优化模型。对于IEM模型的构建,考虑在热电联产机组中加入碳捕集系统以及电转气装置,用来获取低碳效益。同时,针对IEM中可再生能源与负荷不确定性问题,采用鲁棒区间规划进行处理。首先,构建配电网运营商(distribution system operator,DSO)与IEM联盟系统模型框架,分析其不同主体间的博弈关系。其次,对于双层博弈,分为主从博弈与合作博弈。DSO作为博弈领导者,以自身效益最大为目标制定电价引导IEM联盟响应。IEM联盟作为博弈跟随者,以自身运行成本最小为目标,通过成员间互相合作能源共享响应DSO的决策。同时采用纳什谈判理论解决IEM联盟的合作运行问题,使用二分法与交替方向乘子法结合求解模型。最后,在算例中验证所提模型与方法的可行性和有效性。