Recognition and rejection of foreign eggs of different colors in Barn Swallows

Brood parasitic birds lay eggs in the nests of other birds,and the parasitized hosts can reduce the cost of raising unrelated offspring through the recognition of parasitic eggs.Hosts can adopt vision-based cognitive mechanisms to recognize foreign eggs by comparing the colors of foreign and host eggs.However,there is currently no uniform conclusion as to whether this comparison involves the single or multiple threshold decision rules.In this study,we tested both hypotheses by adding model eggs of different colors to the nests of Barn Swallows(Hirundo rustica)of two geographical populations breeding in Hainan and Heilongjiang Provinces in China.Results showed that Barn Swallows rejected more white model eggs(moderate mimetic to their own eggs)and blue model eggs(highly non-mimetic eggs with shorter reflectance spectrum)than red model eggs(highly nonmimetic eggs with longer reflectance spectrum).There was no difference in the rejection rate of model eggs between the two populations of Barn Swallows,and clutch size was not a factor affecting egg recognition.Our results are consistent with the single rejection threshold model.This study provides strong experimental evidence that the color of model eggs can has an important effect on egg recognition in Barn Swallows,opening up new avenues to uncover the evolution of cuckoo egg mimicry and explore the cognitive mechanisms underlying the visual recognition of foreign eggs by hosts.

基于Barnes滤波原理的降水场客观分析及尺度分离

基于Barnes滤波原理(又称高斯加权客观分析),在进行网格点插值的同时,通过选择适当的滤波参数C、G滤去原始场中的短波噪音,使分析结果平稳光滑;另外可通过它构成一带通滤波器,根据实际需要分离出影响天气过程的各种次天气尺度,达到尺度分离的目的。以全国160个国家基准代表站1954—2006年共53a的年平均降水场为例作实例分析,并同用Grads内插函数(Oacres函数)、九点平滑函数(Smth9函数)的绘图结果进行对比分析,结果表明客观分析结果同Grads内插平滑分析结果基本相似,都能反映出我国53a年平均降水场从东南向西北逐渐递减的趋势且与实际情况相符,降水场高值中心位于长江流域及以南的华南等地区,低值中心位于黄河流域以北的广大西部地区。取不同的参数C和G得到的尺度分离后的带通滤波值,既抑止了长波,又抑制了短波,达到较好的尺度分离效果。

关于32维Barnes-Wal格的有效译码算法

本文给出了３２维Ｂａｒｎｅｓ－Ｗａｌ格的一个有效的译码算法，该算法将这个格的译码问题转化为在ＲＭ（２，５）＝（３２，１６，８）码的修正赋权格子图上求最短路径的问题，该算法在最坏情况下的译码时间复杂性为２２７８３次二元运算，小于Ｆｏｒｎｅｙ给出算法的最坏时间复杂性。此外。

Effects of Different Flue-curing Barns on Aroma Quality of Upper Flue-cured Tobacco Leaves of K326

[Objective] This study was conducted to compare the aroma quality of up-per leaves of K326 flue-cured in different barns, and provide theoretical references for the development and optimization of bulk curing barn and the supporting tech-niques. [Method] The upper leaves of K326 were flue-cured in a commonness barn, a four-shelf bulk curing barn and a three-shelf bulk curing barn separately, and then the contents of aroma components and taste quality indices of the finished leaves were measured and compared. [Result] The contents of total aroma components, chromoplast pigment degradation products, phenylalanine aroma components and neophytadiene showed no significant differences in the leaves flue-cured in four-shelf bulk curing barn and commonness barn, but were significantly or very significantly higher than those in the leaves flue-cured in three-shelf bulk curing barn. The con-tents of carotenoid degradation products, Mail ard reaction products, cembranes aro-ma components and total aroma components （except neophytadiene） showed no significant difference among the three treatments. The results of sensory evaluation revealed that the sensory taste of the leaves flue-cured in four-shelf bulk curing barn was the best, as the finished leaves had rich, delicate aroma, comfortable and clean aftertaste. The leaves flue-cured in commonness barn was better than those flue-cured in three-shelf bulk curing barn in aroma quality, amount and aftertaste. [Conclusion] The four-shelf bulk curing barn had a large volume for tobacco leaf processing, but a similar baking environment to the commonness barn, which is conducive to the formation and accumulation of aroma components, so the finished leaves had similar appearance and quality with those flue-cured in commonness barn. The upper flue-cured leaves in three-shelf bulk curing bran had poorer quality than those flue-cured in the other two barns.

基于区间值测度伪积分的Barnes-Godunova-Levin型和Lyapunov型不等式（英文）

本文首先证明了伪积分的Barnes-Godunova-Levin型不等式以及实值函数区间值测度伪积分的Barnes-Godunova-Levin型不等式.随后证明了两种不同区间值测度伪积分的Lyapunov型不等式.其中一种是基于区间值函数的伪积分,另一种是基于实值函数的伪积分.

Study on Curing Effect and the Waste Heat Recovering Equipment Design of Flue Gas of Bulk Curing Barn

In order to realize tobacco curing with energy saving and emission reduc- ing and lower cost, the waste heat recovering equipment was designed and built on blowing-upward type bulk curing barn. The comparative experiment of tobacco leaf curing was conducted between a bulk curing barn with waste heat of flue gas and conventional bulk curing barn. The results showed that the effect of saving coal in bulk curing barn with waste heat of flue gas was obvious than the contrast. The coal consumption quantity was 1.531 kg per kg of dry tobacco leaf. The saving coal in bulk curing barn with use waste heat of flue gas was 0.181 kg per kg of dry tobacco leaf than the contrast and saving coal rate was 10.57%. The electricity consumption quantity was 0.593 kWh per kg of dry tobacco leaf. The saving elec- tricity quantity in bulk curing barn with use waste heat of flue gas was 0.022 kWh/kg and the saving electricity rate was 3.58% than the contrast. The saving curing cost was 0.158 yuan per kg of dry tobacco leaf and saving cost rate 9.09% in bulk cur- ing barn with use waste heat of flue gas than the contrast. The appearance quality, grade structure and primary chemical composition had no significant difference be- tween bulk curing barn with use waste heat of flue gas and the contrast.

含权地理边界预剪裁Barnes插值

提出一种含权地理边界预剪裁Barnes插值方案,实现地面气象观测数据对格点场的插值。使用数值微分法和种子填充法得出地理边界剪裁矩阵,与Barnes插值权值矩阵按位点积,形成含权地理边界预剪裁常量矩阵,用于日后的格点插值分析。该方案不仅可以改善图形分析品质,而且去除了地理信息系统出图过程中的图形剪裁步骤,明显缩短了图形分析产品所花费的时间,并在业务应用中得到验证。

Analysis of Sulfur Dioxide Concentration Around Bulk Curing Barn Group

This study was conducted to analyze the spatial distribution of SO2 mass concentration around baking barn groups. A bulk curing barn group was selected as monitoring object, and SO2 concentration around it was monitored for 2 years. The results showed that the SO2 mass concentration within 30-130 m from the baking barn group exceeded the standard, and with the ground as reference, the SO2 mass concentration at the position 0.9-2.1 m from the ground exceeded the stan- dard. According to the limit value of the SO2 mass concentration for sensitive crops, the SO2 mass concentrations over the standard were concentrated within the range of 200-300 m. On the basis of establishment of ＂sulfur control＂, ＂sulfur reduction＂ and ＂sulfur avoiding＂ system, the SO2 emission status of baking barn groups could be improved from the conversion of heat supply method, the utilization of clean en- ergy and adjustment of crop sensitive period and sensitive area.

受地理边界限制的Barnes插值

以地面近实时气象要素分析图Web服务为目标,提出一种基于地理边界的Barnes插值方案,实现地面气象观测数据对格点场的插值。首先使用数值微分法和种子填充法得出地理边界剪裁矩阵,进而从Barnes插值算法中分离出插值权值常量,最后将其用于格点插值分析工作。方案不仅可以改善图形分析品质,而且去除了GIS出图过程中的图形剪裁步骤,明显缩短图形分析产品所花费的时间。该技术已用于中国天气网、四川气象网、成都公共气象服务网、四川农村信息网等多个公共服务网站的二维、三维地面近实时气象要素图形分析服务。

芒果柑桔花蕾蛆（Contarinia citri Barnes）的生物学及其防治研究

柑桔花蕾蛆是云南芒果的主要害虫之一。其幼虫对芒果花蕊的危害率为６０％～７０％，最高达１００％，严重影响芒果开花、座果。该虫在云南景谷湿热气候区，１年发生５～６代，完成１代需１６～３２日，世代重叠。采取综合防治措施，危害率可控制在０．２９％左右。

关于某些特殊函数的Barnes积分表示

利用形如（ａ，ｂ，ｃ为实数）的矩阵群的不可约表示，导出了ｔｏＢａｒｎｅｓ积分表示．

Application of Polyurethane Curing Barn in Flue-cured Tobacco Production

[ Objective] This study aimed to investigate the curing performance of polyurethane curing barn and reduce the cost of tobacco leaf flue-curing. [ Meth- odl The temperature control effect, curing effect and curing cost of polyurethane curing barn and traditional bulk curing barn were analyzed and compared. [ Re- suit] The results showed that there were no significant differences in curing performance between two types of curing barns. Horizontal temperature differences in- creased slightly as the temperature rose. Specifically, horizontal temperature differences between each layer ranged from 0.2 ~C to 0.5 ~. Both two types of curing barns exhibited uniform air distribution. Polyurethane curing barn exhibited stable vertical temperature differences. Both two types of curing barns presented good curing effects with slight differences. Polyurethane curing barn exhibited higher economic benefits, lower coal cost, lower electricity cost, lower labor cost and lon- ger service life than traditional bulk curing barn, but its construction cost was higher. [ Conclusion] Polyurethane curing barn exhibits better curing performance with ~ood application prospects.

Existing Problems of Intensive Curing Barn and Optimization Analysis

Intensive curing barn is an important component of flue-cured tobacco pro-duction in China, with progress made. However, problems stil exist, such as lower heat energy utilization efficiency and slow equipment update. In the research, opti-mization ways of tobacco barn were analyzed in flue-cured tobacco production re-gions, and assessment was made on improvement effects, in order to provide refer-ences for highly-efficient and low-carbon development of curing barn.

Reading Julian Barnes’s The Sense of an Ending in Leo Tolstoy’s Anna Karenina

This paper addresses the narrative construction of the moment of death as depicted in Tolstoy’s Anna Karenina and in Barnes’s The Sense of an Ending. Following Orr’s definition of positive influence, described as a “site for cultural renewal”, it pursues the analysis of complexity and confluence of literary traditions in these texts. Though both Anna Karenina and The Sense of an Ending seem to insist on portraying a chronicle of struggle between a moment and a process of dying, it is nevertheless a physical moment of life ending which becomes an intensely condensed, and almost photographic, representation of the intimate, psychologically depicted, dying process. It is argued that the moment of death reveals, for instance, Anna’s unresolved internal conflict between psychological and physiological phenomena shaping human behaviour. Similarly, Barnes’s The Sense of an Ending builds upon a subtle dialogic tension between a process of psychological dying and a moment of physically conceived death. Specifically, this paper brings to light the repetitive occurence of the intense epiphanic moments which shape the thematic and the structural development of both Anna Karenina and The Sense of an Ending.

湖南一次暖区暴雨的Barnes滤波客观分析

利用ECMWF高分辨率0.25×0.25格点资料、逐小时加密雨量观测资料,基于Barnes滤波原理,设计了3套从格点资料中提取中α尺度气象信息的方案,对2017年4月8日湖南的一次暖区暴雨过程进行Barnes滤波对比客观分析。结果表明:此次强降水过程发生在高空槽南侧的西南暖湿气流中,中尺度扰动是造成此次暖区暴雨的重要原因;通过选取不同参数的Barnes带通滤波方案,能够有效分离出中α尺度天气系统,进而剖析其一致性和差异特征,对中尺度雨团落区预报有很好的指示作用,同时,也可以作为判断滤波过程中产生虚假系统的参考依据,在实际业务应用中意义重大。

Geographic variation in sexual selection and implications for speciation in the Barn Swallow

Barn Swallows(Hirundo rustica), a group of passerine birds comprised of six closely related subspecies, are well known throughout their nearly worldwide distribution, in part because of their close association with human settlements.A tractable species for both individual-based and population-level studies, Barn Swallows are a prominent model system in evolutionary, ecological, and behavioral research. Here we review work on sexual selection and population divergence in this species complex, focusing on comparative studies among populations and subspecies.We summarize variation in the targets of mate choice and in the information conveyed by sexually selected traits, and conclude that the benefits advertised by different traits may vary geographically. Finally, we consider the role of sexual selection as a driver of population divergence in this widespread and phenotypically variable species complex.

Doing a Good Job in Inspection and Maintenance of Facilities and Equipments in Bulk Curing Barn

Due to the limited management funds and insufficient management efforts,curing barns in traditional tobacco area are outdated and equipments are seriously damaged,which affects the normal operation and increases the maintenance cost of bulk curing barns,bringing adverse effects on tobacco leaf curing in the coming year and the sustainable development of tobacco industry in the future.To ensure the normal operation of curing barns and effectively prolong the service life of curing barns during tobacco leaf curing,we should do a good job in the publicity of management and maintenance,improve the system of management and maintenance,raise funds for management and maintenance,inspect facilities and equipments,carefully maintain equipments in curing barn and strictly perform examination and inspection.

"The Living Fruit of Nignts"——a Thematic Study of Faulkner's "Barn Burning"

William Faulkner was the winner of Nobel Prize for Literature of 1950. Although he received public acclaim chiefly for his longer works, such as The Sound and the Fury, Sartoris, and Light in August, Faulkner found himself again and again writing short stories. In "Barn Burning," which appeared in 1938, he created the seed story of the whole Snopes trilogy that was to constitute his last great creative accomplishment. This story not only looks forward to the Snopes stories, but also shares some of the themes recurring in the early parts of the Yoknapatawpha saga—the legendary matrix in which Faul-

Sarty＇s Initiation in Faulkner＇s Barn Burning

Barn Burning （1939）, one of William Faulkner＇s outstanding short stories, is not only about the struggles between different classes, but also depicts the boy＇s initiation into manhood after he sees his father＇s rash and irrational revenge activities. The boy protagonist＇s constant dilemma is between whether to protect his father＇s authority due to the old fierce blood tie or to disclose his father＇s quasi-criminal attempts according to his own standard of justice. Based on close reading of the text, this paper aims to make a detailed analysis of the different factors （paternalism and his own idea of justice） that influence the boy＇s choices at different stages. After the long-time struggle, the boy finally chooses to follow his own standards of right and justice, which signifies his gradual initiation into manhood.

Sex and age classes of prey items (rats/mice) in the diet of the Barn Owl (Tyto alba) in Sindh,Pakistan

Barn Owl (Tyto alba) pellets were collected from nine locations and two districts of Sindh,Pakistan and 937 prey items were recovered from 619 pellets.Rats/mice (59.6%) were the most dominant food items consumed by the Barn Owl.Shrews (22.3%),bats (1.3%),birds (12.0%),insects (1.3%),frogs (2.2%) and plant materials (1.3%) were found in their diet as well.Study of the pelvic girdle bones of rats/mice,used only for sexing,proved to be a useful device in population dynamics.In the pelvic bone,pelvic symphysis is found only in female rats/mice developed as a result of sex hormones that occur during gestation.Among the diet of rats/mice,males were found to be significantly dominant.Tooth wear patterns on the occlusal surfaces of molariform teeth of the rats/mice were found to provide an effective criterion for establishing age classes of rats/mice.In the present study,adult rats/mice were found to be dominant over sub-adults and old adults.ANOVA showed significant differences in the number of rats/mice and shrews (prey items) and the other prey items/plant materials in the diet of Barn Owls in the district Thatta and district Karachi.Chi-square test disclosed non-significant differences in age and sex categories.