Evaluation of Phytochemical Analysis and Total Phenol Content of Proso Millet and Barnyard Millet

Whole grains of proso and barnyard millets were sequentially extracted using different solvents(hexane,chloroform,ethyl acetate,and methanol).Phytochemical analysis was performed qualitatively,and the total phenolic content in the extracts of proso and barnyard millets was quantified.Alkaloids and cardiac glycosides were identified in all solvent extracts of both millets.Anthraquinone and glycosides yielded negative results in all solvent extracts of both millets.Among all the solvent extracts,methanol extracts of proso and barnyard millets showed the presence of major compounds such as flavonoids,terpenoids,amino acids,tannins,and phenolics compounds.The maximum amount of phenols was found in methanolic extracts of proso and barnyard millets(0.669±0.003 and 0.625±0.003),followed by the chloroform extract of proso and barnyard millets(0.284±0.002 and 0.257±0.003).The minimum amount of phenolics was found in the acetone extract of proso and barnyard millets.The methanol extract of both millets showed the presence of major compounds with high phenolic content.

Barnyard millet global core collection evaluation in the submontane Himalayan region of India using multivariate analysis

Barnyard millet(Echinochloa spp.) is one of the most underresearched crops with respect to characterization of genetic resources and genetic enhancement. A total of 95 germplasm lines representing global collection were evaluated in two rainy seasons at Almora,Uttarakhand, India for qualitative and quantitative traits and the data were subjected to multivariate analysis. High variation was observed for days to maturity, five-ear grain weight, and yield components. The first three principal component axes explained 73% of the total multivariate variation. Three major groups were detected by projection of the accessions on the first two principal components. The separation of accessions was based mainly on trait morphology. Almost all Indian and origin-unknown accessions grouped together to form an Echinochloa frumentacea group. Japanese accessions grouped together except for a few outliers to form an Echinochloa esculenta group. The third group contained accessions from Russia, Japan, Cameroon, and Egypt. They formed a separate group on the scatterplot and represented accessions with lower values for all traits except basal tiller number. The interrelationships between the traits indicated that accessions with tall plants, long and broad leaves, longer inflorescences, and greater numbers of racemes should be given priority as donors or parents in varietal development initiatives. Cluster analysis identified two main clusters based on agro-morphological characters.

从嘉禾到杂草:东北地区的稗子种植与低湿地开发

稗在中国主流农业历史叙事中多为稻田伴生杂草或灾荒年份的救荒作物,但在传统时期的东北地区却是一种主粮作物,地位不次于“五谷”,耐寒、耐湿的抗逆性特征使其成为东北地区历史上低湿地开发的主力。当地农民在长期栽培实践中,培育出一批高产、抗涝性状好的品种,形成了一整套颇具特色的种植技术。近代以来,随着东北地区农田水利兴起、抗寒性水稻品种次第引入,先前植稗的沮洳之地被整治为水田,优质高产的水稻成为低湿地开发的主角。稗子作为一种谷物逐渐淡出人们的视野,沦为一种饲料作物。某种程度上说,稗子退却的历史,即近代以来东北亚中高纬度地区低地开发与农业发展的缩影。

不同粗饲料育肥绒肉兼用辽宁绒山羊效果对比研究

为了对比研究野稗谷、谷草和高丹草对绒肉兼用辽宁绒山羊育肥生产性能和营养物质消化率的影响,试验将24只年龄为2.5岁左右、体重为(43.83±0.98)kg的绒肉兼用辽宁绒山羊母羊随机分为4组,每组6只,第1组为对照组在日粮中添加10.00%羊草;第2~4组为试验组,依次在日粮中用10.00%的野稗谷、谷草和高丹草替代羊草,试验预试期15 d,正试期60 d。对野稗谷、谷草和高丹草进行营养分析,测定野稗谷、谷草、高丹草的干物质、粗蛋白、粗脂肪、粗纤维、中性洗涤纤维、酸性洗涤纤维、粗灰分、钙、磷含量及总能。分别在正试期开始、试验结束称量空腹体重,计算日增重、料重比。饲养试验结束前1周,试验羊进入代谢笼连续饲养7 d,测定采食量,采用全收粪法连续5 d收集粪、尿样,测定营养物质表观消化率。试验结束后进行育肥效益分析,统计日粮成本、单位增重总成本、每只羊每天盈利等。结果表明:野稗谷和高丹草的粗蛋白和粗脂肪含量均极显著高于谷草(P<0.01),粗纤维和中性洗涤纤维含量都低于谷草,差异不显著(P>0.05)。第2组和第4组的日增重均高于第1组和第3组,第2组与第1组差异极显著(P<0.01)。第2组粗蛋白的表观消化率显著高于第1组和第3组(P<0.05),第2组和第4组的粗纤维表观消化率均显著高于第1组(P<0.05)。三个试验组的日粮成本均高于第1组,而第2组和第4组的单位增重总成本均低于第1组,第2组每只羊每天盈利可达2.09元,比第1组每只羊每天多盈利0.78元。说明在绒肉兼用辽宁绒山羊生产中,野稗谷和高丹草日粮的增重速度较快,消化率较好,其中野稗谷的经济效益最好。