Practice environment related barriers to exclusive breastfeeding among HIV-positive mothers in Blantyre, Malawi

Rates of exclusive breastfeeding in Malawi remain low despite the acknowledged benefits of exclusive breastfeeding for the infant’s wellbeing and the prevention of mother-to-child transmission of HIV. Creating an environment supportive of exclusive breastfeeding is critical to increase the rate of exclusive breastfeeding among HIV-positive mothers. However, little is known on factors that influence the environment within which HIV-positive mothers in Malawi practise exclusive breastfeeding. Therefore, the exploratory qualitative study on which this article is based was conducted at the Chatinkha maternity unit of Queen Elizabeth Central Hospital in Malawi from April 16, 2009 to May 8, 2009 to explore perceived practice environment related barriers to exclusive breastfeeding among HIV-positive mothers. Data were obtained through indepth interviews with 16 purposively selected breastfeeding HIV-positive mothers between 18 and 35 years old and two focus group discussions with women of unknown HIV status. Semi-structured interview and focus group guides were utilised. Content analysis of data was done. Five main themes emerged regarding factors that may influence the environment within which exclusive breastfeeding was practised: 1) availability of resources;2) societal norms and cultural practices;3) mother-baby proximity;4) health workers’ attitudes and 5) disclosure of the mothers’ HIV status. A multi-sectoral approach to promote exclusive breastfeeding is suggested. This?should include community involvement because it is in the community where breastfeeding norms and cultural practices associated with breast-feeding are propagated.

Barrier-free Design of Public Rental Housing

With the aging of society,special groups have had increasing needs of integrating into social life,and higher requirements on life quality,and the society has attached increasing importance to barrier-free design.Taking public rental housing for example,both circulation space and furniture design have to fully consider needs of special groups such as the seniors and the disabled.Barrier-free design in living spaces can help improve their ability of self-care,reduce their dependence on family members,fully demonstrate the"human-centered"design concept of public rental housing,and show the designers’sense of social responsibility.

Acoustical environment of urban area related to the city development

The relationship between urban development and noise pollution was analyzed. The analysis, based on a wide range of measurements and statistical data,revealed the changes of the ambient noise resulting from city development. In conclusion, some fundamental measures for improving the acoustical environment were suggested, such as the division of cities into functional areas and the development of a well designed road network. In addition, the town planning, architecture and the implementation of appropriate regulations could also help to reduce noise levels was suggested as well.

A Compute Environment of ABC95 Array Computer Based on Multi-FPGA Chip

ABC95 array computer is a multi function network’s computer based on FPGA technology, The multi function network supports processors conflict free access data from memory and supports processors access data from processors based on enhanced MESH network. ABC95 instruction’s system includes control instructions, scalar instructions, vectors instructions. Mostly net work instructions are introduced. A programming environment of ABC95 array computer assemble language is designed. A programming environment of ABC95 array computer for VC++ is advanced. It includes load function of ABC95 array computer program and data, store function, run function and so on. Specially, The data type of ABC95 array computer conflict free access is defined. The results show that these technologies can develop programmer of ABC95 array computer effectively.

Measurement of Sound Pressure Levels in Anechoic Chamber and a Noisy Environment Experimentally

In real life, when a noise problem occurs, it is important to identify the cause and measure the noise of the source, since it may affect human beings or other constructions due to vibration generated from noise, so it is necessary to determine the noise related to a specific source like a machine in the presence of other sources which is a very important approach in noise control engineering. In this article a full experiment was executed to measure the sound pressure levels of various sources (stationary and non-stationary), in both an anechoic chamber and a non-ideal noisy environment. The sound pressure level was extracted for different sources and compared for both ideal and non-ideal environment. The results showed that acoustical free field of the space is the best field to do measurements to avoid reflection, on the other hand the difference between the source and the background should be more than 3 dB to get better results.

Stability Analysis of Bubonic Plague Model with the Causing Pathogen Yersinia pestis in the Environment

Bubonic plague is a serious bacterial disease, mainly transmitted to human beings and rodents through flea bite. However, the disease may also be transmitted upon the interaction with the infected materials or surfaces in the environment. In this study, a deterministic model for bubonic plague disease with Yersinia pestis in the environment is developed and analyzed. Conditions for existence and stability of the equilibrium points are established. Using Jacobian method disease free equilibrium (DFE) point, E0 was proved to be locally asymptotically stable. The Metzler matrix method was used to prove that the DFE was globally asymptotically stable when R0 < 1. By applying Lyapunov stability theory and La Salles invariant principle, we prove that the endemic equilibrium point of system is globally asymptotically stable when R0 > 1. Numerical simulations are done to verify the analytical predictions. The results show that bubonic plague can effectively be controlled or even be eradicated if efforts are made to ensure that there are effective and timely control strategies.

Packaging Bags with the Function of Micro-environment Modification

Three kinds of packaging bags composited with barrier film and moisture absorbents were designed in order to find out how to create an internal micro-environment with low O2content and relative humidity( RH). Peanuts with different moisture contents were filled into packaging bags and stored in an environmental chamber for a certain period of time. An RH recorder was sealed in each bag and the RH inside the bag was recorded. The moisture contents of peanuts before and after storage were measured as well.It is found that peanuts with moisture content of 13% can reduce O2content inside the bag by the aerobic respiration,achieving the self modified atmosphere packaging( MAP) effect. A microenvironment with lower RH can be created by using super-absorbent fiber( SAF) or mineral bag as the moisture absorbent. The moisture contents of peanuts stored in the bags with SAF and mineral bag as moisture absorbent decreased from 13% to 10. 5%and 11. 3%,respectively. SAF is a promising material of packaging bags composited with barrier film,in which a low RH and high CO2content can be created.

A Study on Guangdong Province Foreign Trade Business Environment Evaluation and Optimization Research

By constructing a comprehensive evaluation system for Guangdong’s foreign trade business environment based on the annual data from 2015 to 2019,factor analysis and entropy weight method are adopted to analyze Guangdong’s foreign trade business environment in recent years.This study discusses the aspects that the government should focus on in order to improve the foreign trade business environment more effectively.The results of the study are as follows:first,the overall differences in the foreign trade business environment of the Pearl River Delta urban agglomeration are small,and the cities play an important role in improving the foreign trade business environment;second,the foreign trade business environment is not fully constrained by economic development,so the foreign trade business environment can be more advanced than the city’s economic level and serve as the impetus for economic growth;third,there has been an improvement in how the attractiveness of foreign capital influences the foreign trade business environment.The Regional Comprehensive Economic Partnership(RCEP)agreement should be implemented in local cities,in order to construct an institutional framework of fair competition,enhance the transparency of investment barriers,and strengthen the protection of foreign investors’rights.

以制度型开放创新为核心 高标准高质量推进中国(新疆)自贸试验区建设

在我国自贸试验区建设十周年之际,2023年10月国务院印发了《中国(新疆)自由贸易试验区总体方案》,正式批准设立中国(新疆)自由贸易试验区,使新疆成为我国第22个自贸试验区,也是我国西北边境地区首个自贸试验区。文章深入研究分析了新疆自贸试验区设立的重大意义,并就自贸试验区在拉动我国经济增长和实现高质量发展中的作用,制度创新在自贸试验区打造一流营商环境、提升现代产业国际竞争力等方面所发挥的作用和影响,以及制度型开放创新与逆全球化背景下深入实施自贸试验区提升战略的关系等问题进行了全面分析与思考。在此基础上,就如何以高水平开放为引领,以制度创新为核心,高标准高质量建设新疆自贸试验区提出了思路与对策建议。

针对弱视儿童的无障碍阅读设计研究

目的针对弱视儿童因视功能受损而引发的阅读问题,研究辅助弱视儿童的无障碍阅读视觉设计规范。通过改变阅读材料的视觉设计,辅助患儿缓解阅读困难的问题,提升阅读效率。方法首先,使用对照实验法,改变阅读材料的视觉设计形式,记录弱视儿童的阅读时间及其喜爱度。同时,采用单因素方差分析法判断各视觉因素的改变对弱视儿童阅读速率的影响。其次,根据弱视儿童的阅读痛点对材料进行阅读辅助设计,通过访谈法得出各类辅助设计对缓解弱视儿童阅读痛点的可行性。最后,依据前期实验与数据分析对适合弱视儿童使用的视觉设计规范进行总结。结果针对弱视儿童的阅读材料设计,建议使用22~24pt黑体或楷体字,字间距为50~75。使用上文下图或左文右图排版形式,运用简单柔和、边缘清晰的图像设计。在设计中,可使用色彩对字行与关键词进行突出设计,辅助患儿的阅读定位。结论通过研究得出,改变阅读材料视觉设计对提高弱视儿童的阅读速率有显著影响。通过视觉感官信息强化的设计方法,结合辅助阅读设计,可有效缓解弱视儿童在阅读过程中的拥挤现象、视野模糊、阅读跳行等问题,提升弱视儿童的学习效率。

水液相下Eda酮式异构体与超氧化氢自由基反应的DFT理论计算

在M06-2X/SMD/6-311+G(d,p)理论水平下,研究水液相1个大气压、 310.15 K温度下依达拉奉(Eda)酮式异构体与超氧化氢自由基(·HO_(2))的反应机理.结果表明:Eda酮式异构体与·HO_(2)的反应有抽H、加成和单电子转移3个过程;抽H反应主要通过·HO_(2)抽取杂环H和甲基H实现,反应的自由能垒为77.1~78.7 kJ/mol;加成反应可通过·HO_(2)加成不饱和C的过程实现,加成自由能垒为48.2~95.0 kJ/mol;加成到杂环上与甲基相连的C原子的放热反应最具优势,自由能垒为48.2 kJ/mol;单电子转移的自由能垒为141.1 kJ/mol,该过程不能实现.可见,水液相下Eda酮式异构体可通过抽H和加成反应消除·HO_(2).

无障碍环境建设公益诉讼制度的反思与优化

《无障碍环境建设法》第63条首次在国家立法层面专门规定了无障碍环境建设公益诉讼制度,该规定对于推进无障碍环境建设、维护不特定主体无障碍权益具有里程碑意义。对我国无障碍环境建设公益诉讼制度进行反思与优化,具有非常重要的理论和实践价值。通过研究发现,要正确实施无障碍环境建设公益诉讼制度,实现维护不特定主体无障碍权益的目的,应以《立法法》第99条的规定为依据,在无障碍环境建设公益诉讼领域优先适用《无障碍环境建设法》第63条的规定,并通过科学界定违法行为的范围,赋予残疾人联合会等群团组织民事公益诉权,确立以行政公益诉讼为优先、以民事公益诉讼为补充的诉讼顺位以及明确检察建议的类型与制发对象等方式,全面优化我国的无障碍环境建设公益诉讼制度。

残疾人居住空间无障碍改造研究综述

随着中国人口老龄化形势的日益严峻,残障人群的数量不断增加,新时代,我国更加重视残疾人事业的建设,而居住空间的无障碍改造设计是改善残疾人生活质量的重要手段之一。该文从国内外关于残疾人居家环境无障碍改造的文献研究入手,梳理有关国内外残疾人居住空间无障碍改造的发展历程,综合评述了国内外相关研究关于残疾人住房起居无障改造设计的研究方向、方法与结论。同时,总结我国在老龄化背景和人本理念下残疾人居住空间无障碍改造存在的无障碍问题与未来发展趋势,以期推进我国无障碍发展建设,提升残疾人民生福祉。

盲用无障碍触觉图学的框架性理论研究

图纸是工程师的语言,对盲人■来说,触觉图学更有其重要意义。盲生要了解所在学校的结构,若有该校的触觉布局图,很快就能获取信息,但国内外对触觉图学的研究还处于起步阶段。文章探索盲人的“触觉识图”机理、“无障碍触觉图形”基本要素的设计理论与应用,从工程图学角度,把明眼人识别的各种基本技术图线转换为盲人依靠触觉可以识别的线性点位标准组合,以及无障碍触觉图形的标注问题等,最终使盲人尽可能像明眼人那样运用基本的技术图纸。

面向视觉障碍人群的城市步行系统优化策略研究

针对现有无障碍设施无法满足视障人群正常出行需求的实际问题,以南昌市红谷滩新区部分路段为例,通过问卷调查法、实地调研法以及GIS分析法,总结视障人群的基本出行特征、面临的出行困境、出行系统现存的主要问题等,并进行信息分析及处理。基于调研结果,从盲道系统及指示系统两方面,提出视障人群出行无障碍设施的发展趋势,以联通性、可达性、系统性、互动性为准则,对视障人士出行系统针对性地提出优化策略,以期对未来城市无障碍环境的建设和发展提供理论参考。

海南自贸港创国际一流便利化营商环境制度集成创新探索

海南自贸港以创国际一流便利化营商环境为目标,不仅彰显自贸港“自由”“便利”的本质属性,而且表达了海南在中国改革开放再出发过程中的政治自觉、时代担当和高质量价值追求。文章以制度集成创新为抓手,既能使海南自贸港营商环境优化产生巨大的“集成”“协同”治理效应,又有利于快速破解海南自贸港营商环境建设中的存量与增量问题。近年来,从中央到海南先后都出台了系列制度性文本,并推出了诸多制度集成创新案例,探索成效十分显著。尽管如此,未来仍需进一步提高认知探索的多重意义、始终保持创新的接力状态、聚焦重点领域的建设清单、加强营商环境的数字赋能。

居家养老背景下老旧住区室内无障碍改造研究

随着人口老龄化的不断加剧,养老问题也越来越受到社会的关注。老年人身体机能的退化,使老年人的行为特征和身体尺度都发生了一定的改变,文章在居家养老背景下,通过对老年人状态的分析,总结出室内无障碍改造的需求及改造原则,从玄关、客餐厅、卧室、卫生间、厨房等几个室内空间主要活动场所入手,给出无障碍改造建议,为老年人提供安全、舒适、便捷的居家养老环境。

乡村生态环境治理数字化转型的风险及应对

乡村生态环境治理数字化转型旨在提高乡村生态环境的治理效率和质量,实现精准决策,并促进信息共享和公众参与。乡村生态环境治理数字化转型过程中,治理主体可能面临如下风险:一是数字形式主义风险,表现为痕迹管理、电子衙门、虚拟政绩;二是智能官僚主义风险,表现为技术依赖、算法歧视和决策灵活性下降;三是政务大数据壁垒风险,表现为数据孤岛和碎片化、数据安全威胁、数据治理能力有限。根据上述不同风险的特征和表现,提出了针对性的应对策略。

青岛自贸片区金融开放创新研究

深化金融领域开放创新是青岛自贸片区发展的重要方向。面对金融聚集度不足、特色优势不明显、创新业务规模偏小等问题,打造高水平对外开放和金融改革发展新高地需要加大金融政策支持力度,统筹各功能区金融资源,形成涵盖片区管委、金融监管部门、金融机构等多个方面的合力,提升人才引进、环境营造、特色业务、区域联动、国际合作等多个方面的水平。

智能化视角下城市公园无障碍设计研究——以武汉市中山公园为例

为改善老年人的无障碍环境建设、分析其无障碍设计需求,从智能化的角度出发,研究新时期城市公园无障碍设计的发展需求与智能化融合实践应用,提出改善城市公园无障碍设计的智能化措施,进而构建城市公园无障碍设计智能化体系。文章以武汉市中山公园为例,结合行为注记法、实地调查和问卷调研法,发现其存在诸多无障碍环境建设问题,从智能化角度出发,为其提供改善无障碍环境的思路与策略。