Advancement Towards Spatial Justice:The Barrier-Free Environment Construction from a Gender Perspective

Space is both a product and a producer of social relations.In the spatial domain,gender blindness has long existed,limiting women’s rights of access to and use of space,leading to structural oppression of women’s rights,and giving rise to new gender inequalities.The barrier-free environment construction has the functions of eliminating physical barriers and generating societal norms,and when combined with social changes,can facilitate justice correction across multiple dimensions.However,barrier-free environment construction itself,as a means of justice correction,also suffers from gender blindness.There remains room for improvement in the areas of facility construction,information exchange,and social services within the realm of barrier-free environments.In response to this phenomenon,gender equality offers a new critical perspective.Therefore,integrating a gender perspective into the barrier-free environment construction,focusing on the spatial rights of women,especially groups with multiple vulnerabilities,such as disabled women and elderly women,can contribute to the advancement towards spatial justice.

Barrier-free Design of Public Rental Housing

With the aging of society,special groups have had increasing needs of integrating into social life,and higher requirements on life quality,and the society has attached increasing importance to barrier-free design.Taking public rental housing for example,both circulation space and furniture design have to fully consider needs of special groups such as the seniors and the disabled.Barrier-free design in living spaces can help improve their ability of self-care,reduce their dependence on family members,fully demonstrate the"human-centered"design concept of public rental housing,and show the designers’sense of social responsibility.

The Protection of Human Rights in the Construction of Barrier-free Environment--Viewed from the perspective of the Marxist Human Rights Concept

The construction of a barrier-free environment contains a rich connotation of human rights protection,and is closely related to the study of human rights protection in China.With the evolution of the concept of barrier-free design and the expansion of its beneficiary groups,constructing a barrier-free environment has become a basic task that benefits all members of society and meets the public needs of all the people,with its core goal expanding from the protection of the rights of the disabled to the protection of the basic rights and interests of all members of society.Building a barrier-free environment from the perspective of the Marxist human rights concept is conducive to safeguarding the people’s right to subsistence and development,and at the same time,it satisfies their demand for the right to pursue a high-quality and better life and reflects the common vision of everyone in society fully enjoying human rights.promoting the construction of a barrier-free environment in terms of legal protection based on China’s institutional advantages can improve and innovate the country’s legislation on the construction of a barrier-free environment,so as to play an exemplary and guiding role in enhancing the international barrier-free level and enable all people to enjoy the good life created through the drive to build a barrier-free environment.

Design of Barrier-free Evacuation for Diverse Crowd on Campus Based on Evacuation Simulation: A Case Study of North China University of Technology

By using evacuation simulation technology and taking North China University of Technology as an example,the barrier-free evacuation design scheme for groups with different needs in campus environment was deeply discussed.Based on the data of building layout,population composition,road system and distribution of shelters in the school,a detailed evacuation model was constructed in the Pathfinder emergency evacuation simulation system.By the simulation during the daytime and at night,the total evacuation time of the whole school,evacuation completion time of each building,selection of evacuation paths and shelter utilization were analyzed in detail.The simulation results show that the distribution of shelters on campus is uneven,and their capacity is limited.As a result,the evacuation paths of the disabled,the elderly and children need to be adjusted frequently,which affects the overall evacuation efficiency.In view of this,the optimization strategies of road renovation and entrances of shelters and buildings were put forward from the perspective of space planning.From the perspective of emergency management,it is suggested to improve the campus evacuation infrastructure and strengthen the evacuation drill for teachers and students.These results provide a solid theoretical support for enhancing the construction of campus barrier-free environment and improving the level of emergency management.

智能化视角下城市公园无障碍设计研究——以武汉市中山公园为例

为改善老年人的无障碍环境建设、分析其无障碍设计需求,从智能化的角度出发,研究新时期城市公园无障碍设计的发展需求与智能化融合实践应用,提出改善城市公园无障碍设计的智能化措施,进而构建城市公园无障碍设计智能化体系。文章以武汉市中山公园为例,结合行为注记法、实地调查和问卷调研法,发现其存在诸多无障碍环境建设问题,从智能化角度出发,为其提供改善无障碍环境的思路与策略。

互联网+背景下聋哑人无障碍沟通系统的构建

基于互联网+大背景,描述了聋哑人的生活现状及他们作为弱势群体在日常信息交流中面临的困难和障碍,分析与研究了互联网+模式下搭建聋哑人群体交流桥梁的可能性;采用文献分析的方法,提出设计手语翻译系统创新方案的建议,以增强聋哑人无障碍沟通交流能力。

Research on Travel Preferences of Wheelchair Users in Barrier-Free Environments and Improvement Strategies for Adaptive Urban Roads

The construction of a barrier-free environment is an important measure that guarantees the safety,right-of-way,and interests of the disabled,the elderly,and other mobility disadvantaged groups.It is also an indispensable part of the low-carbon urban transportation and a necessary way to protect the rights of mobility disadvantaged groups in green travel.In this paper,the researchers conducted life log surveys on the travels of 10 wheelchair users residing in Beijing with IoT Inspector,a self-developed,wheelchairmountable intelligent sensing device.Wheelchair users’travel preferences and reasons were then analyzed using the image and textual data from the surveys.Combined with a mapping workshop,a comparative analysis was performed on the bumpiness of sidewalk paving materials.The study found that wheelchair travelers’preferred non-motor lanes over sidewalks;substandard curb ramps,unleveled tree pools,limited access widths,and bumpy pavement were the main problems faced by wheelchair users in sidewalk accessibility.In addition,the study explores the inclusive needs and challenges of non-motorized right-of-way for new transportation means at urban planning and traffic management levels.Based on multi-sourced data,this paper discusses the possibility of assessing urban barrier-free environment and representing a narrative of the needs of mobility disadvantaged groups,so as to provide practical experience and technical support to the improvement strategies of adaptive roads.

面向界面交互的色彩体系辅助设计技术研究

目的探索界面设计中的色彩体系搭建技术,辅助设计师进行人机交互设计,提升工作效率。方法分析当前互联网产品界面设计中色彩体系的应用场景及其搭建理论和方法。利用Web技术,开发一款快速生成批量色彩以辅助建立色彩体系的工具。工作流程为程序获取到用户的目标主色色值以及预生成的色彩数量,基于HSB色彩模型,生成一定数量辅助色并利用灰度公式自动矫正色彩参数以达到视觉刺激同频,在得到矫正后的辅助色后,通过自动计算色相、饱和度、明度来生成每一个辅助色的序列色板。此外提供用户手动调整自动生成的辅助色的功能,得到的色彩规范可以随着工具的插件版安装至UI设计软件Sketch中,供设计师进行配色工作。结论工具的推出为视觉设计师的色彩体系搭建提供了快速处理能力,其高效性、科学性和便于传播性极大地提高了界面配色的美观性和统一性,有利于构建良好的用户体验,对产品研发团队具有一定的增值意义。

地铁空间中导向标识系统的无障碍设计研究

以西安地铁二号线导向标识的实际科研项目为依托,通过分析各类有障碍群体乘坐地铁时的生理、心理特征,研究其在地铁空间行为流程下的节点标识,最后提出无障碍导向标识的具体可操作技术、方法、设置点位及信息内容.这一针对弱势群体的无障碍标识设计的研究,对完善地铁空间导向标识系统的完整性和科学性来说具有一定的参考价值和意义.

实验动物屏障系统利旧改造及环境控制效果分析

对使用年限超过5年的实验动物屏障系统进行利旧改造,并分析改造后的环境控制效果。在原有基础上对实验动物屏障的排风、空调、土建、监控系统等进行了利旧改造,改造后各项环境指标均符合规范要求,且稳定性得到了很好改善,能耗及故障发生频率显著降低。KM小鼠、SD大鼠繁殖性能均有所增强,饲料利用率提高。在实验动物屏障系统改造过程中将利旧、新技术运用与实现微环境控制进行有机结合,使屏障系统长期高效运转并确保实验动物生产质量。

智能无障碍楼梯升降系统

文章设计了一套可应用于宿舍、地铁和大型公共场所的残障楼梯升降系统;基于STC12C5A60S2和STC12C89C52单片机组成主从机模式的下位机部分,主要负责控制升降机的运行、RFID身份识别、上下位机的无线通信、保障平台安全运行的电流监测和限重报警;由通信模块和软件平台模块构成上位机部分,主要负责对区域内升降机进行综合信息化管理与测试,可在手持的移动设备和笔记本上运行;该系统功能齐全,使用方便,设计人性化,让残障人士也能够体验智慧城市给生活带来的便捷。

老年人厨房空间系统的无障碍设计

目前国内处于老龄化社会,本文通过对现阶段60~80岁的老年人问卷调查及结构式访谈,探究老年人的生理特点、行为习惯特点等,结合当下厨房空间的构造特点,对厨房空间系统从尺寸与外观上进行＂无障碍设计＂,可以减少老年人独自使用厨房空间时的安全隐患,满足老年人自主生活的基本需求。

智慧城市中盲人出行无障碍设施体系构建研究

现有的无障碍设施完全无法满足盲人的出行需要,智慧城市的建设为这一问题的解决提供了契机。通过问卷调查法、现场访谈法和自创的线路模拟调查法,得出了盲人的基本出行特征和面临的主要问题。基于调研结果,提出了城市盲人出行无障碍设施的发展趋势为系统化、智能化(互动性)和人性化。并且构建了一个新型的盲人出行无障碍设施体系,在这个体系中,系统化是基本思路,人性化是设计核心,GPS技术、GIS技术、RFID技术等是主要的技术支持,通过硬件系统、软件系统以及导盲产品的系统化这三个方面的建设,交织成一个相互联系的整体。该体系为今后城市无障碍环境的建设和智慧城市的发展提供了一种思路和策略。

面向色盲人群的导视系统色彩无障碍设计研究

目的从提高色盲人群色彩识别能力的角度,探讨导视系统色彩无障碍设计的具体方法。方法采用色觉模拟器,将正常色觉人群与色盲人群的色彩识别效果对比分析。结论采用色盲人群眼中色相变化较小的黄色和蓝色,采用明度对比强烈的色彩组合,注重色彩与图形的搭配,不以颜色作为唯一的识别编码,为色盲人群构建了能与正常人共享导视色彩信息的途径。

学生公寓无障碍门禁防盗系统的设计与实现

学生公寓的安全关系到学校的正常教学和生活秩序。根据学生公寓的特点,开发了基于无线射频识别技术和多媒体视频技术相结合的无障碍门禁系统。该系统在不妨碍学生正常通行的情况下,实现了学生公寓管理的实时、安全和高效,较好地解决了学生公寓管理的一些难题。

医疗建筑中视觉障碍者的导识系统构建研究

文章以构建医疗建筑中视觉障碍者的导识系统为切入点,用国内外已建成医院和疗养院为研究案例,综合运用建筑行为学与空间句法理论的分析方法,在综合考虑医疗流程的要求下,提出了三种常见的导识系统信息结构,并对医疗建筑中视觉障碍者导识系统的基本设计原则以及相关的技术措施进行了总结。

地下商业空间导识系统设计的无障碍识别性研究

地下商业空间是城市地下空间利用的重要形式之一,导识系统在地下商业空间中有重要的作用。我国的商业导识系统尚处于起步发展阶段。笔者利用"认知地图"的概念将地下商业空间的环境意象归纳为节点、通道、区域3个元素,分析说明了地下商业空间的导识系统要依靠于这3个元素的合理运用组合。总结出合理的地下商业空间无障碍导识系统可满足人的生理和心理需求,它包括空间意象要素、出入口、光环境等,这些组成部分的共同作用可塑造出可识别性强、方位感好、心理环境愉悦的地下商业空间环境。

老年人住宅室内标识系统无障碍设计研究

通过对老年人视觉变化情况的调查分析,找到老年人住宅室内视环境的影响因数,提出了从文字标识、图形标志、色彩搭配、灯光照明等方面进行室内标识系统无障碍设计的基本要求。

国产IVC笼盒在繁育SPF小鼠中的应用探讨

目的探讨国产独立通风笼盒(IVC)在无特定病原体(SPF)级小鼠繁育生产中的应用及实验效果。方法 84对小鼠随机分为3组,每组28对。应用屏障环境系统和IVC笼盒进行SPF级小鼠的繁育生产并分析每组中小鼠的产仔数、离乳数及体重变化等生长发育情况。结果屏障环境系统内与IVC笼盒内各组小鼠的产仔数和离乳数差异均有统计学意义(P<0.01);14日龄内小鼠体重变化差异无统计学意义(P>0.05),从21日龄起各组小鼠体重变化生长发育情况比较差异有统计学意义(P<0.01)。结论国产IVC笼盒繁育小鼠的生长发育等质量标准若要达到SPF级国家标准。还需完善相关配套措施。

洗浴产品的无障碍设计

无障碍洗浴产品主要是一套适用于残疾人、老年人等行动障碍者洗浴的设备。文章首先对我国残疾人、老年人的洗浴现状以及洗浴产品的市场进行了分析与研究;其次,对不同程度的行动障碍者进行了分类分析,并了解他们洗浴产品特点和设计中应注意的问题;最后阐述与企业合作,共同完成具体无障碍洗浴产品的设计实例。