The palm, Elaeis guineensis, has its origins in Africa but is planted on a commercial basis in several countries. Statistics for 2002 showed that in the lead for land mass under oil palm cultivation is Indonesia, at 3...The palm, Elaeis guineensis, has its origins in Africa but is planted on a commercial basis in several countries. Statistics for 2002 showed that in the lead for land mass under oil palm cultivation is Indonesia, at 3,769,000. ha, followed by Malaysia at 3,376,000. ha; however, the world’s leading producer of palm oil is still Malaysia, since the 1970’s. Both countries are predicted to produce 82.4% of the world’s palm oil production by the year 2005. However, the palm is susceptible to basal stem rot, a devastating disease which results in direct loss of field stands and to which no effective chemical control is yet available. Caused by Ganoderma boninense, infected palms appear symptomless, at the first sign of disease, at least 50% of the internal trunk tissue stem would have actually rotted. This study investigated the efficacy of Trichoderma harzianum (isolate FA 1132) as a biological control agent, using 6-month old oil palm seedlings as models and the experiment performed in a greenhouse at 29- 30 ℃. ambient conditions. The plants were artificially infected with G. boninense and a conidial suspension of 1×109-9×109 spores/mL was applied as a soil drench at 1L/plant every 2 weeks for 20 weeks. The parameters examined were efficacy of the biocontrol agent and the effect of Trichoderma- incorporated mulch in addition to the soil drench. Efficacy was assessed in terms disease severity index (DSI) where a higher percentage indicates a higher severity. Results showed that infection first sets in on untreated plants at week 12 and got worse progressively. The completely untreated plants were all infected and the DSI at 20 weeks after infection (wa.i.) was 92.5%. Plants given only a Trichoderma -infused food base supplement without conidial suspension gave a DSI of 70% whereas those given a conidial soil drench without supplemental food base gave a DSI of 85% at 20 w.a.i. Infected plants given a conidial treatment together with a food base supplement gave a DSI of 5% at 20 w.a.i. This investigation showed that there is potential in the use of T. harzianum (isolate FA 1132) as a biological control agent of basal stem rot and warrant further studies in its mass propagation for field trials.展开更多
Specific cell subpopulations identified as cancer stem cells(CSCs)can be found in basal cell carcinoma(BCC).Generally,CSCs have a marked trans-differentiation potential that could potentially be used in differentiatio...Specific cell subpopulations identified as cancer stem cells(CSCs)can be found in basal cell carcinoma(BCC).Generally,CSCs have a marked trans-differentiation potential that could potentially be used in differentiation therapies.However,there are no studies regarding BCC CSCs multipotency.The aim of the study was to analyze the characteristic of CSCs of BCC with emphasis on their differentiation potential upon specific induction.Specific staining and cell morphology were used for differentiation confirmation,along with the expression analysis of osteogenic(ALP,BSP,Runx2,OCN,BMP2),chondrogenic(COL1 and COL2A1),adipogenic(PPAR-γ)and neurogenic(Nestin and MAP2)markers.BCC CSCs differentiated into osteogenic and chondrogenic lineages,as judged by staining and high expression of specific markers(from 2-to 92-fold higher upon induction).Concomitantly with differentiation,the levels of cancer stem cell markers decreased in the cultures.Adipo-differentiation and neuro-differentiation were unsuccessful.In conclusion,BCC CSCs exhibit the capacity to trans-differentiate,a characteristic that may potentially be useful in the development of new strategies for the treatment of aggressive BCCs.展开更多
The toxicities of several fungicides to Pythium ultimum were determined by the method of mycelia growth. The results showed that hymexazol, Ovraclostrobin＋ Metiram, copper calcium sulphate, Thiophamate-merhyl and Fam...The toxicities of several fungicides to Pythium ultimum were determined by the method of mycelia growth. The results showed that hymexazol, Ovraclostrobin＋ Metiram, copper calcium sulphate, Thiophamate-merhyl and Famoxadone＋Cymoxanil all showed good inhibitory effects, of which Hymexazol was the best one with the ECho of 2.631 2 mg/L, followed by Ovractostrobin＋Metiram, whose ECso was 5.303 3 mg/L, and the effects of other fungicides were relatively poor. In the field fungicide screening test, the combination of 70% hymexazol wettable powder and 70% Thiophamate-merhyl had the control efficiency of 95.57%, which was better than the other test combinations, and it was applicable in the field control of tomato basal stem rot.展开更多
Spinal cord injury （SCI） is a devastating condition with loss of motor and sensory functions below the injury level. Cell based therapies are experimented in pre-clinical studies around the world. Neural stem cells ...Spinal cord injury （SCI） is a devastating condition with loss of motor and sensory functions below the injury level. Cell based therapies are experimented in pre-clinical studies around the world. Neural stem cells are located intra-craniafly in subventricular zone and hippocampus which are highly invasive sourc- es. The olfactory epithelium is a neurogenic tissue where neurogenesis takes place throughout the adult life by a population of stem/progenitor cells. Easily accessible olfactory neuroepithelial stem/progenitor cells are an attractive cell source for transplantation in SCI. Globose basal cells （GBCs） were isolated from rat olfactory epithelium, characterized by flow cytometry and immunohistochemically. These ceils were further studied for neurosphere formation and neuronal induction. T10 laminectomy was done to create drop-weight SCI in rats. On the 9th day following SCI, 5 × 105 cells were transplanted into injured rat spinal cord. The outcome of transplantation was assessed by the Basso, Beattie and Bresnahan （BBB） locomotor rating scale, motor evoked potential and histological observation. GBCs expressed neural stem cell markers nestin, SOX2, NCAM and also mesenchymal stem cell markers （CD29, CD54, CD90, CD73, CD105）. These cells formed neurosphere, a culture characteristics of NSCs and on induction, differentiated cells expressed neuronal markers ~III tubulin, microtubule-associated protein 2, neuronal nuclei, and neurofilament. GBCs transplanted rats exhibited hindlimb motor recovery as confirmed by BBB score and gastrocnemius muscle electromyography amplitude was increased compared to controls. Green fluorescent protein labelled GBCs survived around the injury epicenter and differentiated into βⅢ tubulin-immunoreactive neuron-like cells. GBCs could be an alternative to NSCs from an accessible source for autologous neurotransplantation after SCI without ethical issues.展开更多
Identification of the cell origin of human neoplasms remains a challenging but important task in cancer research.The outcomes in this area of study may allow us to design novel strategies for early cancer detection an...Identification of the cell origin of human neoplasms remains a challenging but important task in cancer research.The outcomes in this area of study may allow us to design novel strategies for early cancer detection and targeted cancer therapeutics.Skin is a great organ to study cancer stem cells because stem cells in skin have been well investigated and approaches of genetic manipulation in specific cell compartments are available to mimic clinical skin cancer in a mouse model.Recently,by using different genetic engineered mouse models,several groups have tried to discover which cell type in skin was responsible for the initiation of basal cell carcinoma,the most common type of skin cancer.These studies raised more questions but also showed more ways for future investigation.展开更多
文摘The palm, Elaeis guineensis, has its origins in Africa but is planted on a commercial basis in several countries. Statistics for 2002 showed that in the lead for land mass under oil palm cultivation is Indonesia, at 3,769,000. ha, followed by Malaysia at 3,376,000. ha; however, the world’s leading producer of palm oil is still Malaysia, since the 1970’s. Both countries are predicted to produce 82.4% of the world’s palm oil production by the year 2005. However, the palm is susceptible to basal stem rot, a devastating disease which results in direct loss of field stands and to which no effective chemical control is yet available. Caused by Ganoderma boninense, infected palms appear symptomless, at the first sign of disease, at least 50% of the internal trunk tissue stem would have actually rotted. This study investigated the efficacy of Trichoderma harzianum (isolate FA 1132) as a biological control agent, using 6-month old oil palm seedlings as models and the experiment performed in a greenhouse at 29- 30 ℃. ambient conditions. The plants were artificially infected with G. boninense and a conidial suspension of 1×109-9×109 spores/mL was applied as a soil drench at 1L/plant every 2 weeks for 20 weeks. The parameters examined were efficacy of the biocontrol agent and the effect of Trichoderma- incorporated mulch in addition to the soil drench. Efficacy was assessed in terms disease severity index (DSI) where a higher percentage indicates a higher severity. Results showed that infection first sets in on untreated plants at week 12 and got worse progressively. The completely untreated plants were all infected and the DSI at 20 weeks after infection (wa.i.) was 92.5%. Plants given only a Trichoderma -infused food base supplement without conidial suspension gave a DSI of 70% whereas those given a conidial soil drench without supplemental food base gave a DSI of 85% at 20 w.a.i. Infected plants given a conidial treatment together with a food base supplement gave a DSI of 5% at 20 w.a.i. This investigation showed that there is potential in the use of T. harzianum (isolate FA 1132) as a biological control agent of basal stem rot and warrant further studies in its mass propagation for field trials.
基金the Ministry of Education,Science and Technological Development,Republic of Serbia(Grant No.451-03-9/2021-14/200129).
文摘Specific cell subpopulations identified as cancer stem cells(CSCs)can be found in basal cell carcinoma(BCC).Generally,CSCs have a marked trans-differentiation potential that could potentially be used in differentiation therapies.However,there are no studies regarding BCC CSCs multipotency.The aim of the study was to analyze the characteristic of CSCs of BCC with emphasis on their differentiation potential upon specific induction.Specific staining and cell morphology were used for differentiation confirmation,along with the expression analysis of osteogenic(ALP,BSP,Runx2,OCN,BMP2),chondrogenic(COL1 and COL2A1),adipogenic(PPAR-γ)and neurogenic(Nestin and MAP2)markers.BCC CSCs differentiated into osteogenic and chondrogenic lineages,as judged by staining and high expression of specific markers(from 2-to 92-fold higher upon induction).Concomitantly with differentiation,the levels of cancer stem cell markers decreased in the cultures.Adipo-differentiation and neuro-differentiation were unsuccessful.In conclusion,BCC CSCs exhibit the capacity to trans-differentiate,a characteristic that may potentially be useful in the development of new strategies for the treatment of aggressive BCCs.
基金Supported by the Major agriculture application technology innovation project of Shandong Province"Establishment and demonstration of eco efficient and safe production technology model of protected vegetable"Major Scientific and Technological Innovation Project of Shandong Academy of Agricultural Sciences(No.2014CXZ07)+3 种基金the Agricultural Science and Technology Innovation Project of Shandong Academy of Agricultural Sciences(CXGC2016B11,CXGC2016A09)Special Fund for Agro-scientific Research in the Public Interest(201503112)the Major Project of National Agricultural Product Quality Safety Risk Assessment(GJFP2016013)~~
文摘The toxicities of several fungicides to Pythium ultimum were determined by the method of mycelia growth. The results showed that hymexazol, Ovraclostrobin＋ Metiram, copper calcium sulphate, Thiophamate-merhyl and Famoxadone＋Cymoxanil all showed good inhibitory effects, of which Hymexazol was the best one with the ECho of 2.631 2 mg/L, followed by Ovractostrobin＋Metiram, whose ECso was 5.303 3 mg/L, and the effects of other fungicides were relatively poor. In the field fungicide screening test, the combination of 70% hymexazol wettable powder and 70% Thiophamate-merhyl had the control efficiency of 95.57%, which was better than the other test combinations, and it was applicable in the field control of tomato basal stem rot.
基金supported by Department of Biotechnology,Ministry of Science&Technology,Government of India
文摘Spinal cord injury （SCI） is a devastating condition with loss of motor and sensory functions below the injury level. Cell based therapies are experimented in pre-clinical studies around the world. Neural stem cells are located intra-craniafly in subventricular zone and hippocampus which are highly invasive sourc- es. The olfactory epithelium is a neurogenic tissue where neurogenesis takes place throughout the adult life by a population of stem/progenitor cells. Easily accessible olfactory neuroepithelial stem/progenitor cells are an attractive cell source for transplantation in SCI. Globose basal cells （GBCs） were isolated from rat olfactory epithelium, characterized by flow cytometry and immunohistochemically. These ceils were further studied for neurosphere formation and neuronal induction. T10 laminectomy was done to create drop-weight SCI in rats. On the 9th day following SCI, 5 × 105 cells were transplanted into injured rat spinal cord. The outcome of transplantation was assessed by the Basso, Beattie and Bresnahan （BBB） locomotor rating scale, motor evoked potential and histological observation. GBCs expressed neural stem cell markers nestin, SOX2, NCAM and also mesenchymal stem cell markers （CD29, CD54, CD90, CD73, CD105）. These cells formed neurosphere, a culture characteristics of NSCs and on induction, differentiated cells expressed neuronal markers ~III tubulin, microtubule-associated protein 2, neuronal nuclei, and neurofilament. GBCs transplanted rats exhibited hindlimb motor recovery as confirmed by BBB score and gastrocnemius muscle electromyography amplitude was increased compared to controls. Green fluorescent protein labelled GBCs survived around the injury epicenter and differentiated into βⅢ tubulin-immunoreactive neuron-like cells. GBCs could be an alternative to NSCs from an accessible source for autologous neurotransplantation after SCI without ethical issues.
文摘Identification of the cell origin of human neoplasms remains a challenging but important task in cancer research.The outcomes in this area of study may allow us to design novel strategies for early cancer detection and targeted cancer therapeutics.Skin is a great organ to study cancer stem cells because stem cells in skin have been well investigated and approaches of genetic manipulation in specific cell compartments are available to mimic clinical skin cancer in a mouse model.Recently,by using different genetic engineered mouse models,several groups have tried to discover which cell type in skin was responsible for the initiation of basal cell carcinoma,the most common type of skin cancer.These studies raised more questions but also showed more ways for future investigation.
