Introduction: A functional maternal referral system should encompass a feasible communication system between health facilities. In Uganda, the current paper-based patient referral form is associated with inadequate pa...Introduction: A functional maternal referral system should encompass a feasible communication system between health facilities. In Uganda, the current paper-based patient referral form is associated with inadequate patient-information and low feedback rates. A recent quasi-experimental study demonstrated that a phone-based communication intervention is feasible for iterative communication between health facilities, and there were improved maternal-fetal outcomes and high rates of feedback. However, the acceptability of the intervention was not assessed. Objective: The study assessed the acceptability of a phone-based communication intervention by the health care workers (HCWs) for iterative communication between the referring and receiving health facilities. Methods: This was a qualitative study conducted in South Western Uganda, in April 2021. The study employed a theoretical framework of acceptability of medical interventions. We conducted in-depth interviews with HCWs and used deductive-inductive analysis. Results: We enrolled a total of 23 HCWs, of whom 69.6% (n = 16) were females while 30.4% (n = 7) were males. Majority (65.2%, n = 15), were midwives and the rest were: doctors (30.4%, n = 7) and a nurse (4.3%). The HCWs were positive towards the intervention: they believed that the intervention reduced delays, promoted professional escort, encouraged sharing of supplies, enabled exchange of relatively more patient details, feedback and improved case management. They believed it was culturally acceptable and had enough skills and experience of operating phones. All participants recommended scale out of the intervention, but advised on the need for dedicated human-resource to coordinate phone calls, ensure availability of airtime and charged battery. Conclusion: This study demonstrates that the phone-based communication intervention was highly accepted by the healthcare workers, and that hospitals can successfully give feedback to lower health centres through iterative phone calls. This provides a possible solution to the long-standing challenge of poor feedback rates and a vicious cycle of poor maternal-fetal outcomes in resource limited settings.展开更多
The hot compression testing of hot isostatically pressed(HIPed) spray formed(SF) nickel-base superalloy was carried out by thermal mechanical simulator in the temperature range of 1 050-1 140 ℃ at strain rates of 0.0...The hot compression testing of hot isostatically pressed(HIPed) spray formed(SF) nickel-base superalloy was carried out by thermal mechanical simulator in the temperature range of 1 050-1 140 ℃ at strain rates of 0.01-10 s-1 and engineering strain of 50%. A processing map was developed on the basis of these data by using the principles of dynamic materials modeling. The microstructural evolution of deformed samples was also examined on the basis of optical and electron microscopic observations. The map exhibits two domains: the instability domain at the temperatures of 1 050 ℃ -1 110 ℃ and strain rate of 0.01 s-1, the stability domain at the temperatures of 1 110 ℃- 1 140 ℃ and strain rates of 1 s-1-10 s-1, with a peak efficiency of about 40%. The dynamic recrystallization(DRX) is observed in the stability domain and the deformed specimens are no cracking or instabilities. However, there is no DRX in the instability domain and the alloy exhibits flow instability with cracks due to poor workability. The optimum hot working condition was determined in the stability domain.展开更多
BACKGROUND： The accurate measurements of various data of the bone diameters of foramen ovale of living person can change the methods of puncturing trigeminal gasserian ganglion via foramen ovale for treating trifacia...BACKGROUND： The accurate measurements of various data of the bone diameters of foramen ovale of living person can change the methods of puncturing trigeminal gasserian ganglion via foramen ovale for treating trifacial neuralgia from the experience of puncture operator only to puncture by taking the objective data of measurement as the evidence, which is good for improving the accuracy of puncturing trigeminal ganglion and reducing side effects. OBJECTIVE ： To observe the forms of foramen ovales in healthy adults displayed by volume rendering and multi-planar reconstruction after three-dimensional spiral CT thin-slice scan of skull base, and measure the longitudinal diameter and transverse diameter. DESIGN ： A repetitive observation and measurement SETTINGS ： Department of Neurosurgery and Department of Medical Imaging, Foshan Hospital of Traditional Chinese Medicine. PARTICIPANTS： Fifty healthy adults （100 sides）, who were examined with three-dimensional spiral CT scan, were randomly selected from the Department of Medical Imaging, Foshan Hospital of Traditional Chinese Medicine from January 2005 to January 2006, including 26 males and 24 females, aged 25-68 years with an average of 48 years old. They were all informed and agreed with the examination. METHODS ： The subjects were examined with the Philips 16-slice spiral CT-Mx 8000 IDT CT apparatus （Philips Company, Holland）, the scanning ranged from 2 cm below the canthomeatal line to the level of suprasellar cistem. The width of collimator was 0.75 mm, pitch was 0.663; tube current was 350 mA, voltage was 120 kV, resolution was 512×512 matrix; slice thickness of reconstruction was 1 mm, and interval was 0.5 mm. After the three-dimensional spiral CT thin-slice scan of skull base, the image post-processing techniques including volume rendering and multi-planar reconstruction were applied to observe the forms of foramen ovales, and measure the size, longitudinal diameter and transverse diameter of the foramen ovales. The figures of the foramen ovales were drawn with mouse along the boundary of bone porous margin and soft tissue. According to the indications, the diameters were measured with computer to observe the forms of foramen ovales. MAIN OUTCOME MEASURES ： The longitudinal diameter, transverse diameter and form of foramen ovales were observed. RESULTS： All the 50 healthy adults （100 sides） were involved in the analysis of results. （1） It was observed in the volume rendering images that foramen ovales had four forms of oval shape （77 sides）, kidney shape （12 sides）, round shape （7 sides）, ribbon shape （4 sides）. （2） The longitudinal diameters of left and right foramen ovales were （7.67±1.32） and （7.98±1.45） mm, and the transverse diameters were （4.04±0.83）, （4.09±1.07） mm; There was no obvious difference between left and right longitudinal diameters （t = 1.63, P = 0.11 ）, and left and right transverse diameters were close （t = 0.45, P= 0.65）. CONCLUSION ： The non-invasive techniques of volume rendering and multi-planar reconstruction after three-dimensional spiral CT thin-slice scan can clearly display the formand size of foramen ovale in healthy adults.展开更多
The effects of Sr element on the forming properties of the Al-Mg-Si based alloy sheets were studied by tensile test, metallograph, DSC, XRD, SEM and TEM. The results show that the tensile strength of aluminum alloy sh...The effects of Sr element on the forming properties of the Al-Mg-Si based alloy sheets were studied by tensile test, metallograph, DSC, XRD, SEM and TEM. The results show that the tensile strength of aluminum alloy sheet added 0.033%(mass fraction)Sr increases comparing with that of free Sr. Simultaneously, the forming properties of sheets evidently increase, the elongation hardenability (n) and plastic strain ratio (r) and Erichsen number increase 27.8%, 11.1%, 10.8% and 12%, respectively, and the forming limit diagram increases evidently, too. The analysis shows that Sr is surface active element, which can refine grains of alloys, promote precipitation, reduce activation energy ofβ' phase, and lead the formation ofα-(Al8Fe2Si) phase instead ofβ-(Al5FeSi) phase. As a result, the forming properties of the alloy sheet increase.展开更多
Ribbons of amorphous Cu-Ti-Ni alloys were prepared by the melt spinning method. The amorphous structure of these ribbons was confirmed by X-ray diffractametry and transmission electron microscopy. The effect of Ni on ...Ribbons of amorphous Cu-Ti-Ni alloys were prepared by the melt spinning method. The amorphous structure of these ribbons was confirmed by X-ray diffractametry and transmission electron microscopy. The effect of Ni on the glass-forming ability of Cu-Ti-based alloys was studied by differential scanning calorimetry(DSC). It is found that the supercooled liquid region, ?Tx value shows the maximum value of 61℃ at x=10 in the Cu50Ti50?xNix (x=0, 5, 10, 15 mole fraction, %) system. And the reduced glass transition temperature, Trg, is smaller than 0.45. The glass forming ability(GFA) of Cu-Ti alloy is not effectively promoted by Ni addition.展开更多
In the present study, Al-5.5Fe-4Cu-2Zn-0.4Mg-0.5Mn al oy samples were prepared by electromagnetic stirring and semi-solid forming processing, and then the effects of T6 and T1 heat treatments on the microstructures an...In the present study, Al-5.5Fe-4Cu-2Zn-0.4Mg-0.5Mn al oy samples were prepared by electromagnetic stirring and semi-solid forming processing, and then the effects of T6 and T1 heat treatments on the microstructures and mechanical properties of the semi-solid forming samples were investigated. The results indicate that after semi-solid forming, the mechanical properties of the sample improved significantly compared to that of the merely electromagnetically stirred sample. The grains of semi-solid forming alloy became almost fine equiaxed; big long strip-shaped Al3 Fe phases became short rod-like morphology and distributed uniformly in the matrix. However, the mechanical properties of the T6-treated semi-solid forming sample decreased significantly instead of increasing and, with solution temperature rising, the tensile strength of the al oy decreased further. The results of EDS show that after high temperature solid-solution treatment, the Cu element in the semi-solid forming alloy sample is mainly concentrated at the boundaries of the Al3 Fe phases instead of being dissolved in the matrix. At the same time, the grains of the semi-solid forming sample grew slightly after solid-solution treatment. Therefore, the growth of the grains and the accumulation of Cu element at Al3 Fe phase boundaries during solution treatment of the semi-solid forming alloy were the main reasons for the mechanical properties decreasing after T6 treatment. The mechanical properties of the alloy were improved after T1 heat treatment due to aging strengthening phase being precipitated in the matrix.展开更多
The basic principle of equal base circle bevel gear (EBCBG) is illustrated simply Thetooth surface equation of EBCBG manufactured by end milling cutter with involute profile is de-rived. The tooth form error is analy...The basic principle of equal base circle bevel gear (EBCBG) is illustrated simply Thetooth surface equation of EBCBG manufactured by end milling cutter with involute profile is de-rived. The tooth form error is analyzed on the basis of spherical involute展开更多
The plastic cement belongs to a sort of polymer material, the chemical composition is very complex, and the plastic cement work-piece is generally manufactured by die press forming. Aimed at being difficult to control...The plastic cement belongs to a sort of polymer material, the chemical composition is very complex, and the plastic cement work-piece is generally manufactured by die press forming. Aimed at being difficult to control in parameters of forming process, the paper explored the humanoid based intelligence control strategy. In the paper, it made the anatomy in control puzzle resulted in uncertainty such as chemical component of plastic cement etc., summarized up the characteristic of cybernetics in forming process, researched on the humanoid based intelligence control strategy, and constructed the control algorithm of forming process in plastic cement work-piece. Taking the process experiment of temperature and pressure control as an example, it validated the good dynamic and static control quality through simulation of control algorithm constructed in this paper. The experimental results show that the control algorithm explored in this paper is reasonably available.展开更多
The task-based approach has been gaining more and more popularity in recent years. Unlike the traditional language teaching approach, which puts much emphasis on the teaching and learning of language forms and skills,...The task-based approach has been gaining more and more popularity in recent years. Unlike the traditional language teaching approach, which puts much emphasis on the teaching and learning of language forms and skills, it regards the language process as one of learning through doing, emphasizes the central role of meaning in language use and insists that students should learn more effectively if they are fully engaged in a language task. However, due to the lack of an appropriate language environment and limited time for English study, Chinese students may not make as much progress as expected in the unconscious internalization of authentic language by focusing primarily on meaning. In fact the meaning of a language can not be separated from its form. The accurate expression of meaning depends on the proper use of language form. Therefore, in the application of the taskbased approach, we should not neglect the study of language form. This paper analyses the causes for Chinese students' low spoken English proficiency, describes the theoretical foundation and actual practice of the task-based approach, discusses its implications for teaching oral English and makes some proposals for its appropriate application.展开更多
文摘Introduction: A functional maternal referral system should encompass a feasible communication system between health facilities. In Uganda, the current paper-based patient referral form is associated with inadequate patient-information and low feedback rates. A recent quasi-experimental study demonstrated that a phone-based communication intervention is feasible for iterative communication between health facilities, and there were improved maternal-fetal outcomes and high rates of feedback. However, the acceptability of the intervention was not assessed. Objective: The study assessed the acceptability of a phone-based communication intervention by the health care workers (HCWs) for iterative communication between the referring and receiving health facilities. Methods: This was a qualitative study conducted in South Western Uganda, in April 2021. The study employed a theoretical framework of acceptability of medical interventions. We conducted in-depth interviews with HCWs and used deductive-inductive analysis. Results: We enrolled a total of 23 HCWs, of whom 69.6% (n = 16) were females while 30.4% (n = 7) were males. Majority (65.2%, n = 15), were midwives and the rest were: doctors (30.4%, n = 7) and a nurse (4.3%). The HCWs were positive towards the intervention: they believed that the intervention reduced delays, promoted professional escort, encouraged sharing of supplies, enabled exchange of relatively more patient details, feedback and improved case management. They believed it was culturally acceptable and had enough skills and experience of operating phones. All participants recommended scale out of the intervention, but advised on the need for dedicated human-resource to coordinate phone calls, ensure availability of airtime and charged battery. Conclusion: This study demonstrates that the phone-based communication intervention was highly accepted by the healthcare workers, and that hospitals can successfully give feedback to lower health centres through iterative phone calls. This provides a possible solution to the long-standing challenge of poor feedback rates and a vicious cycle of poor maternal-fetal outcomes in resource limited settings.
文摘The hot compression testing of hot isostatically pressed(HIPed) spray formed(SF) nickel-base superalloy was carried out by thermal mechanical simulator in the temperature range of 1 050-1 140 ℃ at strain rates of 0.01-10 s-1 and engineering strain of 50%. A processing map was developed on the basis of these data by using the principles of dynamic materials modeling. The microstructural evolution of deformed samples was also examined on the basis of optical and electron microscopic observations. The map exhibits two domains: the instability domain at the temperatures of 1 050 ℃ -1 110 ℃ and strain rate of 0.01 s-1, the stability domain at the temperatures of 1 110 ℃- 1 140 ℃ and strain rates of 1 s-1-10 s-1, with a peak efficiency of about 40%. The dynamic recrystallization(DRX) is observed in the stability domain and the deformed specimens are no cracking or instabilities. However, there is no DRX in the instability domain and the alloy exhibits flow instability with cracks due to poor workability. The optimum hot working condition was determined in the stability domain.
基金a grant fromTackle Key Problems in Sci-ence and Technology of FoshanCity, No. 200505075
文摘BACKGROUND： The accurate measurements of various data of the bone diameters of foramen ovale of living person can change the methods of puncturing trigeminal gasserian ganglion via foramen ovale for treating trifacial neuralgia from the experience of puncture operator only to puncture by taking the objective data of measurement as the evidence, which is good for improving the accuracy of puncturing trigeminal ganglion and reducing side effects. OBJECTIVE ： To observe the forms of foramen ovales in healthy adults displayed by volume rendering and multi-planar reconstruction after three-dimensional spiral CT thin-slice scan of skull base, and measure the longitudinal diameter and transverse diameter. DESIGN ： A repetitive observation and measurement SETTINGS ： Department of Neurosurgery and Department of Medical Imaging, Foshan Hospital of Traditional Chinese Medicine. PARTICIPANTS： Fifty healthy adults （100 sides）, who were examined with three-dimensional spiral CT scan, were randomly selected from the Department of Medical Imaging, Foshan Hospital of Traditional Chinese Medicine from January 2005 to January 2006, including 26 males and 24 females, aged 25-68 years with an average of 48 years old. They were all informed and agreed with the examination. METHODS ： The subjects were examined with the Philips 16-slice spiral CT-Mx 8000 IDT CT apparatus （Philips Company, Holland）, the scanning ranged from 2 cm below the canthomeatal line to the level of suprasellar cistem. The width of collimator was 0.75 mm, pitch was 0.663; tube current was 350 mA, voltage was 120 kV, resolution was 512×512 matrix; slice thickness of reconstruction was 1 mm, and interval was 0.5 mm. After the three-dimensional spiral CT thin-slice scan of skull base, the image post-processing techniques including volume rendering and multi-planar reconstruction were applied to observe the forms of foramen ovales, and measure the size, longitudinal diameter and transverse diameter of the foramen ovales. The figures of the foramen ovales were drawn with mouse along the boundary of bone porous margin and soft tissue. According to the indications, the diameters were measured with computer to observe the forms of foramen ovales. MAIN OUTCOME MEASURES ： The longitudinal diameter, transverse diameter and form of foramen ovales were observed. RESULTS： All the 50 healthy adults （100 sides） were involved in the analysis of results. （1） It was observed in the volume rendering images that foramen ovales had four forms of oval shape （77 sides）, kidney shape （12 sides）, round shape （7 sides）, ribbon shape （4 sides）. （2） The longitudinal diameters of left and right foramen ovales were （7.67±1.32） and （7.98±1.45） mm, and the transverse diameters were （4.04±0.83）, （4.09±1.07） mm; There was no obvious difference between left and right longitudinal diameters （t = 1.63, P = 0.11 ）, and left and right transverse diameters were close （t = 0.45, P= 0.65）. CONCLUSION ： The non-invasive techniques of volume rendering and multi-planar reconstruction after three-dimensional spiral CT thin-slice scan can clearly display the formand size of foramen ovale in healthy adults.
基金Project (0321001100) supported by the Henan Province Elitist Innovation Foundation, China
文摘The effects of Sr element on the forming properties of the Al-Mg-Si based alloy sheets were studied by tensile test, metallograph, DSC, XRD, SEM and TEM. The results show that the tensile strength of aluminum alloy sheet added 0.033%(mass fraction)Sr increases comparing with that of free Sr. Simultaneously, the forming properties of sheets evidently increase, the elongation hardenability (n) and plastic strain ratio (r) and Erichsen number increase 27.8%, 11.1%, 10.8% and 12%, respectively, and the forming limit diagram increases evidently, too. The analysis shows that Sr is surface active element, which can refine grains of alloys, promote precipitation, reduce activation energy ofβ' phase, and lead the formation ofα-(Al8Fe2Si) phase instead ofβ-(Al5FeSi) phase. As a result, the forming properties of the alloy sheet increase.
基金Project(50471052) supported by the National Natural Science Foundation of China Project(Z2004F02) supported by the Natural Science Foundation of Shandong Province, China Project(2005422024) supported by the Specialized Research Fund for the Doctoral Program of Higher Education
文摘Ribbons of amorphous Cu-Ti-Ni alloys were prepared by the melt spinning method. The amorphous structure of these ribbons was confirmed by X-ray diffractametry and transmission electron microscopy. The effect of Ni on the glass-forming ability of Cu-Ti-based alloys was studied by differential scanning calorimetry(DSC). It is found that the supercooled liquid region, ?Tx value shows the maximum value of 61℃ at x=10 in the Cu50Ti50?xNix (x=0, 5, 10, 15 mole fraction, %) system. And the reduced glass transition temperature, Trg, is smaller than 0.45. The glass forming ability(GFA) of Cu-Ti alloy is not effectively promoted by Ni addition.
基金financially supported by the Natural Science Foundation of Liaoning Province(201202166)the Shenyang City Application Basic Research Foundation(F14-231-1-23)
文摘In the present study, Al-5.5Fe-4Cu-2Zn-0.4Mg-0.5Mn al oy samples were prepared by electromagnetic stirring and semi-solid forming processing, and then the effects of T6 and T1 heat treatments on the microstructures and mechanical properties of the semi-solid forming samples were investigated. The results indicate that after semi-solid forming, the mechanical properties of the sample improved significantly compared to that of the merely electromagnetically stirred sample. The grains of semi-solid forming alloy became almost fine equiaxed; big long strip-shaped Al3 Fe phases became short rod-like morphology and distributed uniformly in the matrix. However, the mechanical properties of the T6-treated semi-solid forming sample decreased significantly instead of increasing and, with solution temperature rising, the tensile strength of the al oy decreased further. The results of EDS show that after high temperature solid-solution treatment, the Cu element in the semi-solid forming alloy sample is mainly concentrated at the boundaries of the Al3 Fe phases instead of being dissolved in the matrix. At the same time, the grains of the semi-solid forming sample grew slightly after solid-solution treatment. Therefore, the growth of the grains and the accumulation of Cu element at Al3 Fe phase boundaries during solution treatment of the semi-solid forming alloy were the main reasons for the mechanical properties decreasing after T6 treatment. The mechanical properties of the alloy were improved after T1 heat treatment due to aging strengthening phase being precipitated in the matrix.
文摘The basic principle of equal base circle bevel gear (EBCBG) is illustrated simply Thetooth surface equation of EBCBG manufactured by end milling cutter with involute profile is de-rived. The tooth form error is analyzed on the basis of spherical involute
文摘The plastic cement belongs to a sort of polymer material, the chemical composition is very complex, and the plastic cement work-piece is generally manufactured by die press forming. Aimed at being difficult to control in parameters of forming process, the paper explored the humanoid based intelligence control strategy. In the paper, it made the anatomy in control puzzle resulted in uncertainty such as chemical component of plastic cement etc., summarized up the characteristic of cybernetics in forming process, researched on the humanoid based intelligence control strategy, and constructed the control algorithm of forming process in plastic cement work-piece. Taking the process experiment of temperature and pressure control as an example, it validated the good dynamic and static control quality through simulation of control algorithm constructed in this paper. The experimental results show that the control algorithm explored in this paper is reasonably available.
文摘The task-based approach has been gaining more and more popularity in recent years. Unlike the traditional language teaching approach, which puts much emphasis on the teaching and learning of language forms and skills, it regards the language process as one of learning through doing, emphasizes the central role of meaning in language use and insists that students should learn more effectively if they are fully engaged in a language task. However, due to the lack of an appropriate language environment and limited time for English study, Chinese students may not make as much progress as expected in the unconscious internalization of authentic language by focusing primarily on meaning. In fact the meaning of a language can not be separated from its form. The accurate expression of meaning depends on the proper use of language form. Therefore, in the application of the taskbased approach, we should not neglect the study of language form. This paper analyses the causes for Chinese students' low spoken English proficiency, describes the theoretical foundation and actual practice of the task-based approach, discusses its implications for teaching oral English and makes some proposals for its appropriate application.
