Purpose: This study verified the effects of transcutaneous electrical nerve stimulation (TENS), which can be worn during walking and exercise, in elderly individuals with late-stage knee pain who exercise regularly. M...Purpose: This study verified the effects of transcutaneous electrical nerve stimulation (TENS), which can be worn during walking and exercise, in elderly individuals with late-stage knee pain who exercise regularly. Methods: Thirty-two late-stage elderly individuals were evaluated for knee pain during rest, walking, and program exercises, with and without TENS. Gait analysis was performed using an IoT-based gait analysis device to examine the effects of TENS-induced analgesia on gait. Results: TENS significantly reduced knee pain during rest, walking, and programmed exercises, with the greatest analgesic effect observed during walking. The greater the knee pain without TENS, the more significant the analgesic effect of TENS. A comparison of gait parameters revealed a significant difference only in the gait cycle time, with a trend towards faster walking with TENS;however, the effect was limited. Conclusion: TENS effectively relieves knee pain in late-stage elderly individuals and can be safely applied during exercise. Pain management using TENS provides important insights into the implementation of exercise therapy in this age group.展开更多
To quantify the nonuniform micromechanical performance of welded joint,the load-displacement curves by nanoindentation test were introduced to examine different zones including base metal,coarse grained heat affected ...To quantify the nonuniform micromechanical performance of welded joint,the load-displacement curves by nanoindentation test were introduced to examine different zones including base metal,coarse grained heat affected zone,partially melted zone,weld metal near the fusion boundary and weld metal center.The results showed that the strengthening effect of weld metal was more obvious than that of heat affected zone for nickel based welded joint and especially in coarse grained heat affected zone,the hardening resulted from overheating was not apparent.Nickel based weld metal with high content of alloying elements which were often segregated at interdendritic regions or precipitated in grain interior under nonequilibrium solidification contributed to the characteristics that differ from conventional low alloy steel welded joint.展开更多
Brazing of Ti3Al alloys with the filler metal Cu-P was carried out at 1173-1273 K for 60-1800 s. When products are brazed, the optimum brazing parameters are as follows： brazing temperature is 1215-1225 K; brazing ti...Brazing of Ti3Al alloys with the filler metal Cu-P was carried out at 1173-1273 K for 60-1800 s. When products are brazed, the optimum brazing parameters are as follows： brazing temperature is 1215-1225 K; brazing time is 250-300 s. Four kinds of reaction products were observed during the brazing of Ti3Al alloys with the filler metal Cu-P, i.e., Ti3Al phase with a small quantity of Cu （Ti3Al（Cu）） formed close to the Ti3Al alloy; the TiCu intermetallic compounds layer and the Cu3P intermetallic compounds layer formed between Ti3Al（Cu） and the filler metal, and a Cu-base solid solution formed with the dispersed Cu3P in the middle of the joint. The interracial structure of brazed Ti3Al alloys joints with the filler metal Cu-P is Ti3Al/Ti3Al（Cu）/TiCu/Cu3P/Cu solid solution （Cu3P）/Cu3P/TiCu/Ti3Al（Cu）/Ti3Al, and this structure will not change with brazing time once it forms. The thickness of TiCu＋Cu3P intermetallic compounds increases with brazing time according to a parabolic law. The activation energy Q and the growth velocity/to of reaction layer TiCu＋Cu3P in the brazed joints of Ti3Al alloys with the filler metal Cu-P are 286 kJ/mol and 0.0821 m2/s, respectively, and growth formula was y2=O.O821exp（-34421.59/T）t.Careful control of the growth for the reaction layer TiCu＋Cu3P can influence the final joint strength. The formation of the intermetallic compounds TiCu＋Cu3P results in embrittlement of the joint and poor joint properties. The Cu-P filler metal is not fit for obtaining a high-quality joint of Ti3Al brazed.展开更多
With the growth of the online market,demand for logistics and courier cargo is increasing rapidly.Accordingly,in the case of urban areas,road congestion and environmental problems due to cargo vehicles are mainly occu...With the growth of the online market,demand for logistics and courier cargo is increasing rapidly.Accordingly,in the case of urban areas,road congestion and environmental problems due to cargo vehicles are mainly occurring.The joint courier logistics system,a plan to solve this problem,aims to establish an efficient logistics transportation system by utilizing one joint logistics delivery terminal by several logistics and delivery companies.However,several courier companies use different types of courier invoices.Such a system has a problem of information data transmission interruption.Therefore,the data processing process was systematically analyzed,a practically feasible methodology was devised,and delivery invoice information processing standards were established for this.In addition,the importance of this paper can be emphasized in terms of data processing in the logistics sector,which is expected to grow rapidly in the future.The results of this study can be used as basic data for the implementation of the logistics joint delivery terminal system in the future.And it can be used as a basis for securing the operational reliability of the joint courier logistics system.展开更多
文摘Purpose: This study verified the effects of transcutaneous electrical nerve stimulation (TENS), which can be worn during walking and exercise, in elderly individuals with late-stage knee pain who exercise regularly. Methods: Thirty-two late-stage elderly individuals were evaluated for knee pain during rest, walking, and program exercises, with and without TENS. Gait analysis was performed using an IoT-based gait analysis device to examine the effects of TENS-induced analgesia on gait. Results: TENS significantly reduced knee pain during rest, walking, and programmed exercises, with the greatest analgesic effect observed during walking. The greater the knee pain without TENS, the more significant the analgesic effect of TENS. A comparison of gait parameters revealed a significant difference only in the gait cycle time, with a trend towards faster walking with TENS;however, the effect was limited. Conclusion: TENS effectively relieves knee pain in late-stage elderly individuals and can be safely applied during exercise. Pain management using TENS provides important insights into the implementation of exercise therapy in this age group.
基金supported by the Primary Research&Developement Plan of Jiangsu Province(BE2017168)
文摘To quantify the nonuniform micromechanical performance of welded joint,the load-displacement curves by nanoindentation test were introduced to examine different zones including base metal,coarse grained heat affected zone,partially melted zone,weld metal near the fusion boundary and weld metal center.The results showed that the strengthening effect of weld metal was more obvious than that of heat affected zone for nickel based welded joint and especially in coarse grained heat affected zone,the hardening resulted from overheating was not apparent.Nickel based weld metal with high content of alloying elements which were often segregated at interdendritic regions or precipitated in grain interior under nonequilibrium solidification contributed to the characteristics that differ from conventional low alloy steel welded joint.
基金This research was financially supported by the National Natural Science Foundation of China(No.50325517).
文摘Brazing of Ti3Al alloys with the filler metal Cu-P was carried out at 1173-1273 K for 60-1800 s. When products are brazed, the optimum brazing parameters are as follows： brazing temperature is 1215-1225 K; brazing time is 250-300 s. Four kinds of reaction products were observed during the brazing of Ti3Al alloys with the filler metal Cu-P, i.e., Ti3Al phase with a small quantity of Cu （Ti3Al（Cu）） formed close to the Ti3Al alloy; the TiCu intermetallic compounds layer and the Cu3P intermetallic compounds layer formed between Ti3Al（Cu） and the filler metal, and a Cu-base solid solution formed with the dispersed Cu3P in the middle of the joint. The interracial structure of brazed Ti3Al alloys joints with the filler metal Cu-P is Ti3Al/Ti3Al（Cu）/TiCu/Cu3P/Cu solid solution （Cu3P）/Cu3P/TiCu/Ti3Al（Cu）/Ti3Al, and this structure will not change with brazing time once it forms. The thickness of TiCu＋Cu3P intermetallic compounds increases with brazing time according to a parabolic law. The activation energy Q and the growth velocity/to of reaction layer TiCu＋Cu3P in the brazed joints of Ti3Al alloys with the filler metal Cu-P are 286 kJ/mol and 0.0821 m2/s, respectively, and growth formula was y2=O.O821exp（-34421.59/T）t.Careful control of the growth for the reaction layer TiCu＋Cu3P can influence the final joint strength. The formation of the intermetallic compounds TiCu＋Cu3P results in embrittlement of the joint and poor joint properties. The Cu-P filler metal is not fit for obtaining a high-quality joint of Ti3Al brazed.
基金supported by a grant from R&D program of the Korea Evaluation Institute of Industrial Technology(20015047).
文摘With the growth of the online market,demand for logistics and courier cargo is increasing rapidly.Accordingly,in the case of urban areas,road congestion and environmental problems due to cargo vehicles are mainly occurring.The joint courier logistics system,a plan to solve this problem,aims to establish an efficient logistics transportation system by utilizing one joint logistics delivery terminal by several logistics and delivery companies.However,several courier companies use different types of courier invoices.Such a system has a problem of information data transmission interruption.Therefore,the data processing process was systematically analyzed,a practically feasible methodology was devised,and delivery invoice information processing standards were established for this.In addition,the importance of this paper can be emphasized in terms of data processing in the logistics sector,which is expected to grow rapidly in the future.The results of this study can be used as basic data for the implementation of the logistics joint delivery terminal system in the future.And it can be used as a basis for securing the operational reliability of the joint courier logistics system.
