THE EFFECT OF SUBSTITUENT ON THE THERMAL PROPERTIES OF POLYESTERS CONSISTING OF AROMATIC TYPE SCHIFF BASE MESOGENIC UNITS AND POLYMETHYLENE SPACERS

Polyesters consisting of substituted aromatic type Schiff base mesogenic unit andpolymethylene spacers were synthesized and their thermal transitions and liquid crystallineproperties were studied. The liquid crystalline behaviour has been characterized by differentialscanning calorimetry (DSC) and optical polarizing microscopy. Structural broadening bysubstitution of methoxy group in 2, 2' positions of the mesogenic core produce polymers withlower transition temperatures. Polymers synthesized from ortho and meta substituted phenylenediamine did not form a liquid crystal phase.

Novel Fluorene-based Conjugated Copolymer Containing Cyclobutenedione Unit for Light Emitting Diodes

A novel fluorene-based conjugated copolymer containing cyclobutenedione unit was synthesized by Suzuki reaction. Its structure and properties were characterized by FTIR, 1HNMR, elemental analysis, PL spectroscopy, DSC, TGA and cyclic voltammetry. The resulting polymer shows strong yellow PL emission (561 nm) and good solubility in polar aprotic solvents, i.e. THF, DMF, DMAC, DMSO, etc. DSC and TGA studies reveal that the novel polymer possesses excellent thermal stability with high glass transition temperature of 127℃ and onset decomposition temperature of 411℃. Cyclic voltammetry measurement demonstrated that the polymer has both hole and electron-transporting property.

Specific primers design based on the superoxide dismutase b gene for Trypanosoma cruzi as a screening tool:Validation method using strains from Colombia classified according to their discrete typing unit

Objective:To classify 21 new isolates of Trypanosoma cruai(T.cruzi) according to the Discrete Typing Unit(DTU) which they belong to,as well as tune up a new pair of primers designed to detect the parasite in biological samples.Methods:Strains were isolated,DNA extracted,and classified by using three Polymerase Chain Reactions(PCR).Subsequently this DNA was used along with other isolates of various biological samples,for a new PCR using primers designed.Finally,the amplified fragments were sequenced.Results:It was observed the predominance of DTU i in Colombia,as well as the specificity of our primers for detection of T.cruzi,while no band was obtained when other species were used.Conclusions:This work reveals the genetic variability of 21 new isolates of T.cruzi in Colombia.Our primers confirmed their specificity for detecting the presence of T.cruzi.

Lagrangian Relaxation-Based Unit Commitment Considering Fast Response Reserve Constraints

Unit commitment (UC) is to determine the optimal unit status and generation level during each time interval of the scheduled period. The purpose of UC is to minimize the total generation cost while satisfying system demand, reserve requirements, and unit constraints. Among the UC constraints, an adequate provision of reserve is important to ensure the security of power system and the fast-response reserve is essential to bring system frequency back to acceptable level following the loss of an online unit within a few seconds. In this paper, the authors present and solve a UC problem including the frequency-based reserve constraints to determine the optimal FRR requirements and unit MW schedules. The UC problem is solved by using Lagrangian Relaxation-based approach and compared with the actual system schedules. It is observed that favorable reserve and unit MW schedules are obtained by the proposed method while the system security is maintained.

THE PRINCIPAL CONSTRUCTIVE PROCESS OF UNIT CELL IN Bi-BASED SUPERCONDUCTORS

In this paper, 2201 and 2212 phases as the corresponding precursor of forming 2212 and 2223 phases are discussed,and the constructive process of unit cell of 2201 phase is ascertained by XRD and chemical kinetics method. Subsequently, the process of 221

The Rising,Recession and Revitalization of the Traditional Industrial Base in the Northeastern United States

The distribution of American industries has been unbalanced and most of the early industrial regions were centered in northeastern America.The northeastern traditional industrial base once was called"manufacturing belt".Since the 1950s,old industrial bases in the United States have been under recession.The northeastern region was then even called"rust belt".Some issues and measures of policy were set up by the government to adjust and restructure the old industrial bases,and some are useful experience and inspirations for our country,such as setting up special branches and organizations,establishing and implementing strategic planning for the adjustment and restructure of old industrial bases,adjusting the industrial branch and system,emphasizing on environment control and preservation and so on was achieved.Learning the successful experience from America,effective countermeasures and steps must be taken to accelerate the revival of the old industrial base in Northeastern China.

Research on the Application of Evidence-Based Quality Control Circle to Improve the Implementation Rate of Airway Management Measures in Adult Critically Ill Patients

Objective: To explore the effect of evidence-based quality control circle (QCC) in improving the implementation rate of airway management measures in adult critically ill patients. Methods: Based on the Joanna Briggs Institute (JBI) evidence-based health care model, the best evidence of airway management in adult critically ill patients was obtained and applied to the clinic. Results: The total implementation rate of airway management measures in adult critically ill patients increased from 23.62% before the implementation of quality control circle to 88.82%, and the pulmonary infection rate in critically ill patients decreased from 42.31% to 21.74%, with statistical significance between the two groups (P 0.05). Conclusion: Evidence-based quality control circle activities can standardize the practice standards of airway management in critically ill patients, reduce the occurrence of patients’ airway related complications, and improve clinical outcomes.

Evaluation of Membership Degree on Conventional Chemical Components in Tobacco from Tobacco Leaf Bases in Yunnan Province Based on Cigarette Brands

[Objective] This study was conducted to investigate the quality condition of chemical components of tobacco in Yunnan. [Method] The C3F samples were collected from 76 base units in Yunnan Province and their conventional chemical components were analyzed, and the evaluation was carded out based on the membership function and hierarchical cluster analysis of cigarette brands H1 and H2 in Yunnan. [Result] The results showed that： （1） Major chemical components of 76 base units were coordinated overall. （2） Total nitrogen of brand H1 was higher than that of the high-quality tobacco leaves by 12.08%; raw tobacco of brands H3 and H2 satisfied the quality requirements of high-quality tobacco in Yunnan; and the total sugar and reducing sugar in flue-cured tobacco of brand H4 were higher those of the high-quality tobacco leaves by 0.76% and 10.3%, respectively. （3） The total sugar, reducing sugar and potassium of tobacco leaves from bases of G1 group were higher than those of tobacco from bases of G2 group by 38.1%, 2.27% and 7.34%, respectively; and total nitrogen and chlorine were lower by 4.69% and 11.11%, respectively; and nicotine contents in tobacco of the two groups were similar. （4） H2 and H3 were not significantly different in main chemical components; H3 and H4 were significantly different in total nitrogen, while other main chemical components were not significant different; and there were no significant differences between H4 and H2. [Conclusion] The quality of tobacco leaves from tobacco base units of G1 and G2 groups was better. Therefore, the evaluation provides theoretical reference for construction of tobacco base units.

循证护理实践在ICU成年病人人工气道相关压力性损伤中的应用效果

目的:探索循证护理实践在重症监护室(ICU)成年病人人工气道相关压力性损伤(PI)中的应用效果。方法:选取2023年7月—12月吉林省某三级甲等医院住院的214例ICU病人为研究对象,将2023年7月—9月收治的108例病人作为对照组,将2023年10月—12月收治的106例病人作为干预组。对照组根据我院编制的《危重症病人护理常规》中人工气道的护理方法,由责任护士进行常规气管导管维护;干预组基于循证结果指导护理实践。比较两组护士人工气道相关PI预防措施知识得分、审查条目执行率、人工气道相关PI发生率。结果:干预组护士的护理评估、导管系带的应用、敷料应用、皮肤护理、营养支持、镇静约束得分及人工气道相关PI预防措施知识总分均高于对照组,差异均有统计学意义(均P<0.05);对照组护士仅有4个审查条目执行率>80%,干预组护士有12个审查条目执行率>80%;干预组人工气道相关PI发生率为8.49%,低于对照组(20.37%),差异有统计学意义(P=0.014)。结论:循证护理实践可以提高ICU护士人工气道相关PI预防措施知识的知晓率、护士对审查条目的执行率,降低ICU病人人工气道相关PI发生率。

成人ICU多重耐药菌感染预防与控制审查指标的制定及障碍因素分析

目的:开展成人重症监护室(ICU)病人多重耐药菌感染预防与控制的循证护理实践,构建护理质量审查指标,分析循证护理实践过程中的障碍因素和促进因素,制定行动策略,为临床实践提供参考。方法:以知识转化模式为理论指导,确定临床护理问题并转化为循证问题,组建循证团队,系统检索、评价并汇总证据。于2023年11月1日—12月31日根据审查指标逐条进行基线审查,根据审查结果分析循证护理实践过程中的障碍因素和促进因素,制订行动策略。结果:本研究纳入适宜成人ICU临床应用的多重耐药菌感染预防与控制证据36条,制定9条审查标准和审查指标44条。44条审查标准的临床依从率为0~100%,其中,审查标准1、3、4、6、7,8个审查标准中的6条审查指标最低达标率为0,需要科室开展相关防控措施;审查标准2、5、8、9的最低达标率分别为55%、61%、50%和20%,存在改进空间。结论:本研究基于循证并结合临床专业人员判断,制定的质量审查指标具有科学性、可操作性和实用性。成人ICU中多重耐药菌感染防控证据与临床实践仍存在一定差距,根据障碍因素及促进因素分析制定的改进策略可为临床ICU规范化多重耐药菌感染防控实践提供保障,促进证据在临床的有效应用。

大概念视域下高中化学项目式学习单元教学设计--以“葡萄酒中含硫物质的转化”为例

在大概念统摄下,基于真实情境发现并解决问题是认识元素化合物性质及转化的重要方法,也是落实学科核心素养的重要途径。教师通过抽取大概念,基于情境设计驱动问题,完成对“硫的转化”这一主题单元的规划。将教学内容结构化,开展以学生探究为主的小组实验,运用“价—类”二维图模型认识“葡萄酒中含硫物质的转化”,培养学生的创新精神和实践能力。学生在参与讨论“食品安全”“酸雨”等社会性议题过程中,认识到合理利用资源和保护环境的重要性,培养了社会责任感和绿色化学观。

白噪声对ICU患者睡眠影响的Meta分析

目的采用Meta分析的方法系统评价白噪声对ICU患者睡眠质量的影响。方法通过计算机检索CINAHL、PubMed等11个数据库中关于白噪声对急危重症患者睡眠质量影响的文献,检索时间为建库至2024年3月11日。由2名研究者独立进行文献筛选、资料提取和偏倚风险评估后,采用RevMan 5.4软件对纳入文献进行Meta分析。结果最终9篇文献、792例研究对象被纳入研究,Meta分析结果显示,白噪声可以改善ICU患者睡眠[MD=-4.63,95%CI(-7.11,-2.14),P<0.001],加快入睡速度[MD=21.82,95%CI(8.14,35.50),P<0.001],提高睡眠深度[MD=19.18,95%CI(7.05,31.31),P<0.001],减少夜间觉醒次数[MD=20.36,95%CI(6.46,34.26),P<0.001],加快再入睡[MD=23.72,95%CI(9.22,38.22),P<0.001],提高睡眠质量[MD=21.66,95%CI(8.07,35.25),P<0.001],降低噪声水平[MD=29.27,95%CI(10.74,47.79),P<0.001],可以延长患者睡眠时长,能减轻患者焦虑[MD=-8.11,95%CI(-10.55,-5.68),P<0.001]和抑郁[MD=-5.86,95%CI(-8.76,-2.96),P<0.001]。结论白噪声可以明显改善ICU患者睡眠状况和减轻患者焦虑、抑郁等负面情绪,但纳入研究的文献质量较低,研究间异质性较高,需大样本、设计严谨、高质量的随机对照试验进一步证实。

重症监护室俯卧位通气病人实施肠内营养循证护理实践

目的:观察重症监护室(ICU)俯卧位通气病人实施肠内营养的循证护理实践效果。方法:检索数据库,获取临床实践指南、证据汇总、推荐实践、系统评价等证据等级较高的文献管理方案并应用于35例俯卧位通气联合肠内营养的病人(干预组),并与常规护理的对照组35例病人进行效果比较,包括氧合指数、营养指标(白蛋白、前白蛋白)、胃肠不耐受情况、达到目标喂养量的时间、机械通气时间、住ICU时间。结果:两组病人氧合指数时间效应差异有统计学意义(F_(时间)=22.078,P<0.05),组间交互效应差异有统计学意义(F_(交互)=5.283,P<0.05),且干预组病人第3天起氧合指数改善效果优于对照组(P<0.05);俯卧位通气第6天干预组病人前白蛋白和白蛋白水平高于对照组(P<0.05);俯卧位通气第1天干预组病人腹泻发生率低于对照组(P<0.05),第2天干预组病人腹泻、喂养中断发生率低于对照组(P<0.05),第5天干预组病人腹泻、喂养中断发生率低于对照组(P<0.05);干预组病人达到全量营养的时间占比高于对照组(P<0.05)。结论:基于循证护理的ICU俯卧位通气病人肠内营养方案可提高营养达标率,改善病人营养状态,减少胃肠并发症,有助于病人早期康复。

ICU患者呼吸机相关性隔肌功能障碍管理的证据总结

目的总结ICU患者呼吸机相关性膈肌功能障碍管理的相关证据,为临床提供实践依据。方法系统检索指南网站、专业协会网站及国内外数据库中关于ICU患者呼吸机相关性膈肌功能障碍管理的相关证据,检索时限为建库至2023年9月20日。纳入证据类型包括临床决策、指南、证据总结、最佳实践、推荐实践、专家共识、系统评价、Meta分析和随机对照试验。由2名研究者独立进行文献质量评价、证据提取和整合。结果共纳入22篇文献,包括1篇指南、1篇临床决策、4篇专家共识、1篇Meta分析、1篇证据总结及14篇随机对照试验。从评估、组建团队、呼吸机管理、药物管理、营养管理、康复训练管理及物理治疗7个维度归纳了共29条证据。结论该研究总结了ICU患者呼吸机相关性膈肌功能障碍管理的最佳证据,具有一定的科学性与全面性,可为临床实践提供参考依据。

Optimal Unit Commitment with Renewable Energy in Regulated and Deregulated Systems

In this paper, the impact of the wind power generation system on the total cost and profit of the system is studied by using the proposed procedure of binary Sine Cosine (BSC) optimization algorithm with optimal priority list (OPL) algorithm. As well, investigate the advantages of system transformation from a regulated system to a deregulated system and the difference in the objective functions of the two systems. The suggested procedure is carried out in two parallel algorithms;The goal of the first algorithm is to reduce the space of searching by using OPL, while the second algorithm adjusts BSC to get the optimal economic dispatch with minimum operation cost of the unit commitment (UCP) problem in the regulated system. But, in the deregulated system, the second algorithm adopts the BSC technique to find the optimal solution to the profit-based unit commitment problem (PBUCP), through the fast of researching the BSC technique. The proposed procedure is applied to IEEE 10-unit test system integrated with the wind generator system. While the second is an actual system in the Egyptian site at Hurghada. The results of this algorithm are compared with previous literature to illustrate the efficiency and capability of this algorithm. Based on the results obtained in the regulated system, the suggested procedure gives better results than the algorithm in previous literature, saves computational efforts, and increases the efficiency of the output power of each unit in the system and lowers the price of kWh. Besides, in the deregulated system the profit is high and the system is more reliable.

Cost Effective Operating Strategy for Unit Commitment and Economic Dispatch of Thermal Power Plants with Cubic Cost Functions Using TLBO Algorithm

This paper deals with a Unit Commitment (UC) problem of a power plant aimed to find the optimal scheduling of the generating units involving cubic cost functions. The problem has non convex generator characteristics, which makes it very hard to handle the corresponding mathematical models. However, Teaching Learning Based Optimization (TLBO) has reached a high efficiency, in terms of solution accuracy and computing time for such non convex problems. Hence, TLBO is applied for scheduling of generators with higher order cost characteristics, and turns out to be computationally solvable. In particular, we represent a model that takes into account the accurate higher order generator cost functions along with ramp limits, and turns to be more general and efficient than those available in the literature. The behavior of the model is analyzed through proposed technique on modified IEEE-24 bus system.

互联互通CBTC系统应答器报文离线生成工具的研究与应用

针对城市轨道交通CBTC系统应答器报文配置数据版本繁多、编制周期长、易出错的问题,研究应答器报文离线生成工具。该工具可根据线路数据计算所有应答器固定报文,并生成应答器配置文件;可通过梳理有源应答器的防护路径和临时限速状态的组合,确定其正常报文数量,依据每种组合中涉及的地面电子单元(LEU)输入信号和设备状态,计算相应掩码和正常报文。此外,根据有源应答器掩码的唯一性,对联锁和地面电子单元接口数据进行验证。掩码验证通过后,该工具将生成包含LEU默认报文与正常报文的LEU配置文件。此报文离线生成工具适用于采用互联互通CBTC信号系统的地铁线路,能够根据更新的线路数据,自动生成应答器报文,提高数据准备效率,降低人工成本。

基于项目式学习的单元专题复习教学实践

以“胰岛素研发”项目式学习,开展“基因工程”单元专题复习的教学实践。从项目情境创设、项目路径搭建、项目推进实施三个方面,探讨了围绕单元重要概念,整合应用知识和方法解决项目关键问题,在持续优化设计的实践探究中深化观念、发展思维,高效落实单元复习内容,充分达成“生物技术与工程”模块育人目标的策略和方法。

基于太阳能和风能的无线充电站建模和电动汽车充电需求预测

电动汽车(Electric vehicle, EV)和新能源发电相结合,有助于推动可持续能源转型,减缓气候变化,实现环境友好的能源利用和交通方式.为了在未来几年彻底取代传统燃油汽车,必须解决EV的充电和续航问题.为此,提出了基于太阳能和风能的EV无线充电仿真模型,利用太阳能和风能对无线充电站的电池进行充电,并通过2个互耦线圈之间的感应功率对EV进行无线充电.此外,提出了基于改进深度学习算法的EV充电需求预测模型.建立基于编码器-解码器结构的注意力双向门限递归单元(Attention-based Gated Reccurent Unit, Att-BiGRU)框架,对充电站的EV充电需求进行预测.结果表明,新能源无线充电站能够提高EV充电的安全性和舒适性,且所提方法能够准确预测不同时间间隔的EV充电需求.与传统模型相比,所提改进模型在充电需求预测任务中具有更快的收敛速度和更低的误差率,能够有效解决EV充电需求的随机性和波动性.

从“学徒制”到“场景化”:英国博士生跨学科联合培养的实践探索

博士生培养模式对保障博士生教育质量、助力拔尖创新人才培养具有重要价值。自中世纪开始,英国便以“精英式”高等教育享誉全球。然而,英国现代意义上的博士生教育滞后于大多数欧美国家,精致的“学徒制”被当作博士生培养的主要模式。随着博士生教育质量的内部诉求与外部问责,英国政府逐步意识到传统“学徒制”模式不再适用新时代博士生培养,开始积极探索新型博士生培养模式。目前,英国政府、大学、企业与其他社会组织形成博士生培养共同体。一方面,英国依托完备的政策制度、成熟的组织体系与充足的资金保障,搭建起稳固坚实的博士生育人“场”;另一方面,英国通过贯通型协同培养、高精度课程整合、导师共享型指导与交往参与式活动,营造了动态灵活的博士生培养“景”。可以说,英国初步构建了助力博士生教育高质量发展的全面“场景化”培养模式。