On the Current Situation of Basic - level Administrative Law Enforcement in China

With the development of economy and society, our country is on the road of rule by law, the legal system is progressing constantly. At the same time, we should also see that the administration according to law is not perfect, and its shortcomings exist in different degree and need to be further improved. Based on the analysis of the status quo of grass-roots administrative law enforcement in China, this paper tries to put forward corresponding countermeasures, so as to promote the work of law-based administration for the corresponding study.

Water, Sanitation and Hygiene in Lower-Level Health Care Facilities of Dar es Salaam Region in Tanzania: Status towards Achieving the Sustainable Development Goals and Way Forward

Background: Improving Water, Sanitation and Hygiene in health care settings is a critical prerequisite for achieving national health goals and Sustainable Development Goals (SDGs). The World Health Organization (WHO) has set a target for each United Nations member state to reach by 2030. Each member state is required to reach by 2022, 2025 and 2030 at least 60%, 80% and 100%, respectively of basic level of service of the five elements which are water, sanitation, hygiene, waste management and environmental cleaning. Methods: This study aimed to evaluate and document the current state of basic water, sanitation, and hygiene services in all lower-level health care facilities in the Dar es Salaam region of Tanzania as of July 2022. A cross-sectional study was conducted in 99 public dispensaries in the Dar es Salaam region’s five councils: Ubungo, Kigamboni, Kinondoni and Temeke Municipalities, and Ilala City. The interviewee form and observational checklists were both digitalized using the Kobo tool software. The respondents were health care facility in-charges or nurse in-charges. Data were downloaded, validated, and imported to Stata version 15 for analysis. Results: The basic WASH level per JMP is far below the target in 2022. Each member state by 2022 is required to reach at least 60% of the basic level of service of each element. We found a low coverage of basic WASH in the 99 dispensaries included in this study. The basic WASH coverage was met in only 10 (10.1%) of the dispensaries, while the remaining 89 (89.9%) dispensaries fall on limited WASH services. Conclusion: This study revealed lower coverage of basic WASH services in dispensaries. An urgent need is required to improve the status of WASH in all the dispensaries and facilitate the provision of quality health care services, patient safety and reduce health care associated infections.

多层级视角下基础研究社会-技术系统的主体、要素及作用机制

基础研究是整个科学体系的源头,其创新发展和突破将从根本上助推国家创新能力和国际科技竞争力提升,也是中国“加快建设科技强国,实现高水平科技自立自强”的根本前提。本文从社会-技术系统角度出发,运用多层级视角分析框架,探讨中国基础研究社会-技术系统的构成主体和构成要素,在此基础上系统分析基础研究社会-技术系统景观层、体制层和利基层三个层级协同互动推动基础研究创新的作用机制,以及三个层级的多重要素协同并发促进基础研究创新的作用机制。研究结果表明:推进基础研究需要基础研究社会-技术系统各个层级之间相互协调配合,要加强景观环境的引导和利基空间的防护培育,还应当注重体制层系统多维度的变革和调整,以突破基础研究社会-技术体制的路径依赖和锁定。

Assisting Nurses in Basic-Level Hospitals to Improve Three Capacities

The importance of scientific study has received more and more attentions from various levels of hospitals,while paper writing,topic declaring,and achievement and patent grasping have become the fundamental tasks for the hospitals. As nurses in basic-level hospitals,howto find and implement excellent scientific research thoughts in busy work has become a challenge in front of them. Nursing of Integrated Traditional Chinese and Western M edicine attempts to establish a Special Fund for Nursing of Integrated Traditional Chinese and Western M edicine( "Special Fund"for short),aiming to support and assisting nurses in basic-level hospitals to conduct nursing-associated scientific research project approval,achievement declaration and publication,and to promote the co-improvement of scientific research level,academic level and quality of journals in domestic nursing field of integrated traditional Chinese and western medicine by assisting the nurses in basic-level hospitals to improve their declaring,executing and summarizing capacities on nursing research topics.

LEVEL SET输运方程的求解方法及其对气-液两相流运动界面数值模拟的影响

用数值模拟方法来研究气-液两相流动与传热现象是当今多相流领域的一个热门课题。由于两相流固有的复杂性,气-液两相流界面迁移现象的数值模拟一直是两相流研究中的一大难点。本文介绍了捕捉气-液两相流相界面运动的水平集方法(LevelSet)及其研究进展,介绍了求解LevelSet输运方程的3种方法,即一般差分格式、Superbee-TVD格式和Runge-Kutta法-5阶WENO组合格式。结合主流场的求解,分别用这3种方法对4种典型相界面在5种流场中的迁移特性进行了模拟计算,并对计算结果进行了比较和分析。结果表明,Runge-Kutta法-5阶WENO组合格式求解LevelSet输运方程的效果最好,在以后的计算中将主要采用这种组合格式来进行气-液相界面输运方程的求解。

Noise Exposure Levels in Basic School Environments in a City in Ghana

Basic schools that are located in heavily populated residential and commercial areas in Ghana are exposed to environmental noise that can have detrimental effects on the academic attainments of children. Limited studies have been conducted on noise level in basic schools to date in Ghana. The objective of the study was to assess noise levels in and around learning spaces in basic schools in Ghana with a focus on Kumasi. A survey employing the use of interviews and an empirical monitoring of noise levels in and around learning spaces in four selected basic schools were adopted. The study revealed that mean outdoor and indoor noise levels exceed the World Health Organisation permissible limits by 30 - 40 percent and 90 - 107 percent respectively for schools in the commercial zones and schools that are located near highways. The school that is sited in an educational environment with a setback from the highway attained mean noise levels ranging from 1.2 percent below to 3.7 percent above the permissible limits for outdoor and between 64 - 105 percent for indoor. The outcome of the study is expected to engender the design of environmental noise resilient buildings to facilitate teaching and learning in basic schools in Ghana.

Oxygen Isotope Records of Core 8KL of the South China Sea and Sea - level Change

Based on a comparison between the oxygen isotope records of benthic and plank tonic foraminifers from core 8KL of the South China Sea and sea-level change records derived from the Huon Peninsula, New Guinea, it is found that both records are very similar from 72 K a B.P. to the present, especially for the benthic oxygen isotope record. The linear regression shows that δ18O changes (0.9995‰ for benthic foraminifers and 1.022‰ for planktonic foraminifers) are equal to 100 m in sea-level fluctuation. After making temperature correction in the δ18O record of benthic foraminifers from 72 to 120 Ka B.P., the curve of sea-level oscillation of the South China Sea since 186 Ka B.P. has been reconstructed. The lowermost sea - level that occurred in the last glacial maximum and oxygen isotope stage 6 is approximately - 130 m.

双重压力下转移支付对基本公共服务供给的激励效应--来自237个地级市的经验证据

财政分权导致的财权与事权不匹配使地方政府面临财政纵向失衡压力,经济发展的相对滞后则给地方政府带来经济赶超压力,这两种压力促使地方政府将更多的财政资金用于经济建设领域,而转移支付带来的财力增强则会激励地方政府增加对基本公共服务领域的财政支出。以16个省区市的237个地级市为样本的分析表明:地方政府人均基本公共服务财政支出与其获得的人均转移支付显著正相关,与财政纵向失衡压力和经济赶超压力显著负相关。进一步的门槛效应和调节效应分析发现:转移支付对基本公共服务供给的激励效应,随着财政纵向失衡压力和经济赶超压力的增大而逐渐减弱;转移支付规模的增加可以弱化财政纵向失衡压力对基本公共服务供给的负向影响,但对经济赶超压力的负向作用没有显著的调节效应,表明转移支付可以显著缓解财政纵向失衡压力,但对经济赶超压力的缓解作用不明显。应改进财政转移支付资金分配机制以有效促进公共服务均等化,建立和完善省以下政府事权与财权相统一的财税制度以减轻地方政府的财政纵向失衡压力,深化地方政府绩效评价考核机制改革以减轻地方政府的经济增长压力。

High levels of Zinc-α-2-Glycoprotein among Omani AIDS patients on combined antiretroviral therapy

Objective:To investigate the levels of zinc-α-2-glycoprotein(ZAG) among Omani AIDS patients receiving combined antiretroviral therapy(cART).Methods:A total of 80 Omani AIDS patients(45 males and 33 females),average age of 36 vears.who were receiving cART at the Saltan Qaboos University Hospital(SQUH).Muscat,Oman,were tested for the levels of ZAG.In addition,SO healthy blood donors(46 males and 34 females),average age of 26 years,attending the SOUH Blood Bank,were tested in parallel as a control group.Measurement of the ZAG levels was performed using a competitive enzyme—linked immunosorbent assay and in accordance with the manufacturer's instructions.Results:The ZAG levels were found to he significantly higher among AIDS patients compared to the healthy individuals(P=0.033).A total of 56(70%) of the AIDS patients were found to have higher levels of ZAG and 16(20%) AIDS patients were found to have high ZAG levels,which are significantly(P>0.031) associated with weight loss.Conclusions:ZAG levels are high among Omani AIDS patients on cART and this necessitales the measurement of ZAG on routine basis,as it is associated with weight loss.

Relation between Baseline Lipid Levels and Effectiveness of HMG-CoA Reductase Inhibitors in Patients with Hyperlipidemia

Objective To evaluate whether the effects of HMG - CoA reductase inhibitors on patients with hyperlipidemia are closely related to baseline lipid levels. Methods The data analyzed originated from 3 separate multicenter clinical trials with similar designs during 1994 to 1999. 166 patients with mean age 58. 9±9. 2 years were involved in Simvastatin Clinical Trial with simvastatin 10 mg once daily for 8 weeks. 146 patients with mean age 57. 9±8. 7years were involved in Lovastatin Clinical Trial with lovastatin 20 mg once daily for 8 weeks. 105 patients with mean age 57. 8±9. 3 years were involved in Atorvastatin Clinical Trial with atorvastatin 10 mg once daily for 6 weeks. Baseline total cholesterol (TC) was more than 5. 98 mmol. L - 1, and baseline triglyceride (TG) was less than 4. 52 mmo. L - 1. The patients were grouped by baseline lipid levels. Results The higher the baseline TC, low density lipoprotein cholesterol (LDL - C) and TG levels were, the more effective the simvastatin, lovastatin, or atorvastatin was in reducing serum TC, LDL - C, and TG, respectively. A positive linear correlation was found between baseline values and effects of simvastatin, lovastatin, or atorvastatin in reducing serum TC, LDL - C, and TG, respectively. Conclusion The changes of reduction on serum lipid with HMG - CoA reductase inhibitors in patients with hyperlipidemia were influenced by baseline lipid levels.

Heath Assessment Method of EMU Trains in Level 3-5 Maintenance and Repair

An accurate and objective assessment of the health status of EMU trains is of great importance.In order to make sure the trains are functional,reliable,and endurable in their full life cycle(FLC),health assessment method for EMU trains after Level 3-5 maintenance and repair is studied.First,the element-selection principles and the assessment rules are defined;second,to present the complex topological relationship between the elements in assessment,a functional logical structure construction method is proposed;third,a health value calculation model is defined based on the element’s characteristics and their logical structures.The health variables of each element is calculated and fitted following the steps in the corresponding weight calculation methods.The assessment method is proved to be applicable and effective.

“院校合作、医教协同”模式培养新时代基层医生的实践研究

职业教育领域不同专业类别的人才培养模式不尽相同,但根本目的都是把职业教育改革落到实处,提高职业教育资源的利用率和覆盖率,为社会发展提供高质量人力资源。借此契机,襄阳职业技术学院临床医学专业创新体制机制改革,探索实施新时代基层医生“院校合作、医教协同”培养模式,为高职临床医学专业人才的高质量培养提供参考。

高校优秀基层教学组织建设与实践——以南京邮电大学信息与计算科学系为例

基层教学组织是高校落实教学任务、促进教师教学发展、组织开展学术研究、承担群体性教学活动的最基本单元,其建设水平直接关系到高校的教学质量和人才培养质量。南京邮电大学优秀基层教学组织信息与计算科学系,在加强党建引领、深化专业改革、强化师资队伍培养、优化组织管理等方面进行了探索和实践。在创新党建新模式、提升人才培养质量、促进教师团队可持续性发展、提高教研保障条件等方面取得了良好效果。信息与计算科学系重视基层教学组织的建设,着力培养具有创新精神和实践能力的高素质人才,为学院和学校的建设和发展贡献力量,为今后基层教学组织的进一步发展奠定了良好的基础。

Investigation on the Structure of Chute-feed and Card Auto-leveller and Their Selection of Technological Processes

Based on the structure of chute - feed and autoleveHer, an analysis of their working principle and the verification of their practical production results have been carried out. Finally, the future investigation direetiom of chute - feed and card autuleveller are put forward.

县级融媒赋能基层治理现代化:角色认知、功能定位与治理实践

在基层治理视角下,对于县级融媒的角色认知,应放置到社会建构和国家政策的宏观框架中加以理解,它决定了对于县级融媒核心功能的定位。县级融媒体中心“引导群众”和“服务群众”是一种“互融互嵌”的关系,是基层治理中不可分割的两个部分。“引导群众”的本质,是通过内容生产、意见沟通,为基层宣传思想工作赋能,为国家主流意识形态的传播、地方社会治理和文化共识的形成提供功能性支撑;“服务群众”的核心,是通过深度嵌入现代化治理体系,推动基层治理现代化的创新性发展。

护理专升本《基础护理理论与实践》课程教学研究

目的了解护理专升本学生对《基础护理理论与实践》课程教学的感受,为提高教学和学习效果提供参考依据。方法选取2021年3—7月新疆医科大学698名专升本护生为调查对象,采用问卷调查的方式,探讨《基础护理理论与实践》课程的授课内容、教学方法及考核方式等。结果1)在护理专升本学生中,女生609名(87.25%)占比大于男生89名(12.75%);北疆379名(54.30%)高于南疆271名(38.83%)和疆外48名(6.88%);对专业感兴趣的为481名(68.91%),不感兴趣的为75名(10.74%)。2)在理论学习方面,学生认为排列在前3位的重要内容为:静脉输液与输血633名(90.69%)、病情观察及危重症患者的管理607名(86.96%)、给药598名(85.67%)。实验项目中,学生认为心肺复苏最重要626名(89.68%),其次为静脉输液620名(88.83%)及各种注射法616名(88.25%)。3)授课方式方面:理论授课中选择案例式教学法最多623名(89.26%),实验授课中选择演示法最多607名(86.96%)。4)在考核评价方式方面:选择线上考核的形式的学生最多,共565名(80.95%)。结论专升本的学生在性别、生源地、对专业的兴趣度及选择专升本的原因存在多元化,学生在学习中对教学内容、教学方法及考核评价方式的选择存在差异,教师应根据学生实际情况,调整教学内容、教学方法及考核评价方法,以提高教学效果。

政策工具视角下我国基本医保市级统筹推进的政策文本分析与启示

目的:通过对我国261份基本医保市级统筹政策文本进行量化分析,发现在政策时间、政策工具类型和政策目标不同维度上的分布特征,为进一步完善基本医保市级统筹、推进省级统筹提供参考。方法:通过内容分析和定量分析方法,构建“政策工具类型—政策目标—政策时间”三维框架,对地市级层面医保统筹政策条目进行多维分类和交叉分析。结果:从政策工具类型维度来看,需求型和环境型政策工具不断完善,医保与医疗服务协同、权责关系划分等日益得到重视,但局部政策子工具缺失等问题突出;从政策目标维度来看,政策目标多维覆盖,但缺乏协同性;从政策时间维度来看,政策工具的发展呈现循序渐进、行政指令层级扩散的特点。启示:优化多种政策工具,完善政策内容与目标适配性,形成政策合力;总结基本医保市级统筹政策变迁及政策工具应用的经验,为我国推进省级统筹提供参考。

功能与能力匹配视角下我国基本医疗保障制度高质量发展路径探索

全面深化医疗保障制度改革,实现医疗保障高质量发展关键在于全面建成多层次医疗保障体系。基本医疗保障作为多层次医疗保障体系的核心内容,在社会主要矛盾发生变化的形势下,出现了功能与能力不匹配的严峻问题。文章深入剖析了基本医疗保障高质量发展面临的外部需求挑战和内部能力制约,切实提出了推进基本医疗保障高质量发展的实现路径,即按“二十大”要求推动多层次医疗保障体系的建设,将协同治理引入医疗保障制度改革,既最优化发挥基本医疗保障的核心功能,也最大化发挥商业健康保险的重要功能。并以此为基础,针对功能与能力不匹配提出三种破解途径,并按照全面深化医疗保障制度改革“1+4+2”框架提出推进基本医疗保障高质量发展的制度框架,为新时期医疗保障制度深化改革提供有价值的建议。

牡丹江市在职人员环境健康基本行为和技能素养水平的调查

目的了解牡丹江市在职人员生态环境与健康素养中基本行为和技能素养的现况及影响因素,为进一步科普生态环境保护与健康风险防范相关知识,倡导绿色健康生活方式提供依据。方法参考《2022年全国居民生态环境与健康素养监测总体实施方案》等编制居民基本行为和技能素养电子调查问卷,于2022年10月至2023年3月采用便利抽样方法在牡丹江市四个行政区抽取在各类职人员956名进行调查,调查内容包括知情同意书、调查对象基本信息基本行为和技能素养等。数据经核对后使用SPSS软件进行统计分析。结果牡丹江市在职人员基本行为和技能素养水平为39.54%。不同性别、年龄、职业和学历的人群基本行为和技能素养水平差异有统计学意义(P<0.05)。多因素分析结果显示,影响牡丹江市在职人员是否具备基本行为和技能素养的主要因素是受教育程度,拥有本专科、研究生学历者具备基本行为和技能素养的可能性分别是小学及以下者的18.681、46.000倍(χ^(2)=52.48、67.24,P<0.001)。结论牡丹江市在职人员基本行为和技能素养总体水平较2022年全国相应环境与健康分类素养水平高,建议在人群中特别是受教育程度较低的人群开展生态环境相关行为和技能知识的宣传,提升人群生态环境与健康素养整体水平。

中韩5~6岁幼儿基本动作技能掌握程度对比研究

为了解中韩两国幼儿基本运动技能掌握程度,分析存在的差异及原因,互通有无、优势互补,为两国幼儿基本动作技能提升提供借鉴。随机抽取了中国山东省125名和韩国京畿道170名健康状况良好的5~6岁幼儿作为实验对象,通过制定适合两国共同使用且信度较好的测评工具对基本动作技能进行测评。采用交叉分析法对测试数据进行分析,组间差异进行χ^(2)检验。结果显示,韩国能够掌握双脚连续跳、单脚跳、躲避网球的幼儿占比均大于中国幼儿,而能够掌握单脚站立、接排球、网球掷准的幼儿占比小于中国幼儿。除单脚站立测试两国之间无显著性差异(p>0.05)外,其他均具有显著性差异(p<0.05)。所以得出结论,韩国幼儿移动技能和稳定技能掌握程度较好,而中国幼儿操作技能掌握程度较好。