In cancer survival analysis, it is very frequently to estimate the confidence intervals for survival probabilities.But this calculation is not commonly involve in most popular computer packages, or only one methods of...In cancer survival analysis, it is very frequently to estimate the confidence intervals for survival probabilities.But this calculation is not commonly involve in most popular computer packages, or only one methods of estimation in the packages. In the present Paper, we will describe a microcomputer Program for estimating the confidence intervals of survival probabilities, when the survival functions are estimated using Kaplan-Meier product-limit or life-table method. There are five methods of estimation in the program (SPCI), which are the classical(based on Greenwood's formula of variance of S(ti), Rothman-Wilson, arcsin transformation, log(-Iog) transformation, Iogit transformation methods. Two example analysis are given for testing the performances of the program running.展开更多
This paper studies the weighted Hardy inequalities on the discrete intervals with four different kinds of boundary conditions. The main result is the uniform expression of the basic estimate of the optimal constant wi...This paper studies the weighted Hardy inequalities on the discrete intervals with four different kinds of boundary conditions. The main result is the uniform expression of the basic estimate of the optimal constant with the corresponding boundary condition. Firstly, one-side boundary condition is considered, which means that the sequences vanish at the right endpoint （ND-case）. Based on the dual method, it can be translated into the case vanishing at left endpoint （DN-case）. Secondly, the condition is the case that the sequences vanish at two endpoints （DD-case）. The third type of condition is the generality of the mean zero condition （NN-case）, which is motivated from probability theory. To deal with the second and the third kinds of inequalities, the splitting technique is presented. Finally, as typical applications, some examples are included.展开更多
Although the Zika virus is transmitted to humans primarily through the bite of infected female Aedes aegypti mosquitoes,it can also be sexually and vertically transmitted within both populations.In this study,we devel...Although the Zika virus is transmitted to humans primarily through the bite of infected female Aedes aegypti mosquitoes,it can also be sexually and vertically transmitted within both populations.In this study,we develop a new mathematical model of the Zika virus which incorporates sexual transmission in humans and mosquitos,vertical transmission in mosquitos,and mosquito to human transmission through bites.Analysis of this deterministic model shows that the secondary transmission routes of Zika increase the basic reproductive number(R0)of the virus by 5%,shift the peak time of an outbreak to occur 10%sooner,increase the initial growth of an epidemic,and have important consequences for control strategies and estimates of R0.Furthermore,sensitivity analysis show that the basic reproductive number is most sensitive to the mosquito biting rate and transmission probability parameters and reveal that the dynamics of juvenile mosquito stages greatly impact the peak time of an outbreak.These discoveries deepen our understanding of the complex transmission routes of ZIKV and the consequences that they may hold for public health officials.展开更多
文摘In cancer survival analysis, it is very frequently to estimate the confidence intervals for survival probabilities.But this calculation is not commonly involve in most popular computer packages, or only one methods of estimation in the packages. In the present Paper, we will describe a microcomputer Program for estimating the confidence intervals of survival probabilities, when the survival functions are estimated using Kaplan-Meier product-limit or life-table method. There are five methods of estimation in the program (SPCI), which are the classical(based on Greenwood's formula of variance of S(ti), Rothman-Wilson, arcsin transformation, log(-Iog) transformation, Iogit transformation methods. Two example analysis are given for testing the performances of the program running.
基金Supported by NSFC(Grant No.11131003)the “985” project from the Ministry of Education in China
文摘This paper studies the weighted Hardy inequalities on the discrete intervals with four different kinds of boundary conditions. The main result is the uniform expression of the basic estimate of the optimal constant with the corresponding boundary condition. Firstly, one-side boundary condition is considered, which means that the sequences vanish at the right endpoint （ND-case）. Based on the dual method, it can be translated into the case vanishing at left endpoint （DN-case）. Secondly, the condition is the case that the sequences vanish at two endpoints （DD-case）. The third type of condition is the generality of the mean zero condition （NN-case）, which is motivated from probability theory. To deal with the second and the third kinds of inequalities, the splitting technique is presented. Finally, as typical applications, some examples are included.
基金The authors would like to thank Dr.Alun Lloyd for reviewing this work and providing valuable feedbackThis material is based upon work supported by the National Science Foundation Graduate Research Fellowship Program under Grant No.1261006320.
文摘Although the Zika virus is transmitted to humans primarily through the bite of infected female Aedes aegypti mosquitoes,it can also be sexually and vertically transmitted within both populations.In this study,we develop a new mathematical model of the Zika virus which incorporates sexual transmission in humans and mosquitos,vertical transmission in mosquitos,and mosquito to human transmission through bites.Analysis of this deterministic model shows that the secondary transmission routes of Zika increase the basic reproductive number(R0)of the virus by 5%,shift the peak time of an outbreak to occur 10%sooner,increase the initial growth of an epidemic,and have important consequences for control strategies and estimates of R0.Furthermore,sensitivity analysis show that the basic reproductive number is most sensitive to the mosquito biting rate and transmission probability parameters and reveal that the dynamics of juvenile mosquito stages greatly impact the peak time of an outbreak.These discoveries deepen our understanding of the complex transmission routes of ZIKV and the consequences that they may hold for public health officials.
