EFFECT OF OXYGEN CONTENT ON NITROGEN ABSORPTIVE MECHANISM IN WELD FOR FLUX-CORED WIRE

By measuring the content of oxygen and nitrogen in welds of six kinds of self-shielded flux-cored wires,the effect of oxygen on nitrogen content in weld is studied and the different absorptive mechanisms of nitrogen at a low oxygen level([O] lower than 0.02%) and a high oxygen level ([O] higher than 0.03%) have been discovered.The results indicate that the content of nitrogen in weld can be made lowest by modifying the composition of flux and controlling the content of oxygen to the range of 0.02%～0.03%.

Effects of process parameters on the depth-to-width ratio of flux-cored wire underwater wet welding

The effects of process parameters on the depth-to-width ratio （D/W） of flux-cored wire underwater wet welding with a certain type of homemade .flux-cored wire are studied. It is found that the welding .speed, wire feeding speed and torch oscillating amplitude hare significant effects on the dopth-to-width ratio （D/W） of welds. The D/W ratio of welds increases significantly with the increase of welding speed without the oscillating of welding torch. It increased （from 0. 14 to 0. 26 ） with the increase of wire feeding speed while the torch oscillating. And it decreased linearly with the increase of torch oscillating amplitude. However, the influelwe of oscillating speed, wire extension and welding voltage on the D/W ratio of welds was not obvious.

Microstructures and mechanical properties of a martensitic steel welded with flux-cored wires

This study was focused on wear-resistant material prepared by CO2 GMAW method to basically determine the alloys and hardfacing technology which could be employed into mining equipment. Three flux-cored wires with different chemical compositions, marked by DM-I, DM-II and DM-III were used in welding a martensitic steel for the comparison of the microstructures and mechanical properties of the welding metals and HAZ. The results show that DM-I weld metal contains martensite plus other reinforced phases, while both DM-II and DM-III alloys lead to mainly martensitic microstructures with little precipitates. Among all of the tested materials the DM-I alloy has the highest hardness and wear resistance but the lowest impact toughness among the experimental weld metals. Meanwhile, the hardness, impact toughness and wear resistance of the DM-II and DM-III alloys are close to those of the base metal but the DM-III is not as strong as DM-II. Dimples can be found on the impact fracture of the weld metals, but the steel fracture consists of both cleavage and dimples. Thus HAZ has less risk for cracking than the welds, and the DM-II wire which produces the weld having identical mechanical properties to the base metal is suitable for further application.

Research on the abrasive wear resistance of YDCrMoV coating produced by CO_2 shielded flux-cored wire surfacing

Caterpillar construction machines play an important part in many fields such as hydraulic and electric engineering, the construction of highway, for its particular of structure. The walking system of caterpillar construction machines is always under the condition of three-body abrasive wear. The abrasive wear of walking system is very severe, which always results in damages of components or structures of walking system of caterpillar construction machines. It is very important to repair the walking system by cladding technique. The abrasive wear properties of four kinds coatings produced by the shielded flux-cored wire surfacing for the repair of the damaged components of walking system of caterpillar construction machines have been studied experimentally on an MLS-23 type wet sand rubber wheel abrasive tester. The surfaces morphologies of the abrasively worn specimens and their microstructures are investigated by transmitting electron microscopy (TEM) after wear testing. Results show that the wear mechanism of cladding metals of the flux-cored wire No.1 and the No.2 is micro-cutting while that of the No.3 and the No.4 is micro-ploughing. The four kinds of flux-cored wire coatings present great potential applications for the repairing of caterpillar construction machines in the Three Gorges Engineering.

Effect of Ti-Si-Mg-Al wire on microstructure and mechanical properties of plasma arc in-situ welded joint of SiC_p/Al composites

The influence of Ti-Si-Mg-AI wire on microstructure and mechanical properties of SiCp/A1 metal matrix composite joints produced by plasma arc in-situ weld-alloying was investigated. Argon-nitrogen mixture was used as plasma gas and Ti-Si-Mg-A1 flux-cored wires as filled composites. Weldments were submitted to tensile test. Meanwhile, the macro morphology and microstructure of the joints were examined. The result shows that the formation ofneedie-like harmful phase A14C3 is effectively inhibited and the wettability of molten pool is improved by adding Ti-Si-Mg-A1 flux-cored wires. With 15Ti-5Si-5Mg-A1 flux-cored wire as filled composite, the maximum tensile strength of the welded joint is 267 MPa, which is up to 83% that of the matrix composites under annealed condition.

Investigation of the impact toughness of self- shielded flux- cored wire girth welds for X80 pipelines

Self-shielded flux-cored wire is a convenient and efficient consumable for pipeline field girth welding because of its self-protection characteristic and high deposition rate, especially for remote construction sites in rugged terrain. From the perspective of pipeline safety, the impact toughness of the girth welds is an important factor in pipeline integrity ,which determines the crack arrest behavior in the girth welds. Therefore, improving the girth weld impact toughness is of primary importance in the field of pipeline girth welding. Three self-shielded flux-cored wires comprising different chemical composition systems have been applied to large diameter X80 UOE （U-ing-O- ing-Expanding） pipeline semi-automatic girth welding,and the impact toughness of the welds has been evaluated by girth weld chemical composition analysis and microstructural analysis using scanning electron microscopy （SEM） and energy dispersive spectrometry （EDS） to investigate pipeline girth weld impact toughness and find ways to improve it. This helps in determining the main factors that influence girth weld impact toughness. Pipeline girth weld impact toughness is mainly determined by the final microstructure produced in the solid-state phase transition. In the as-weld state,acicular ferrite （AF） and fine bainite （FB） are a benefit to the impact toughness. For multilayer semiautomatic self-shielded flux-cored wire welding, the normalizing and tempering function of the latter beads to the initial beads plays an important role in the transition of girth weld microstructure, which affects the impact toughness. The original AF and FB and the corresponding heat treatment microstructure of the fine and uniform block ferrite and pearlite result in very good impact toughness. The following two mechanisms are found to promote the production of AF and FB in the girth weld. First, elements promoting the broadening of the austenitic region, such as Ni, C, Cu, and Mn, induce low temperature phase transitions and restrain the opposing function of Al, which is a benefit to the production of AF and FB. Second, dispersed high-melting-point inclusions, especially Al2O3 ,induce the nucleated production of AF. The advantageous function of inclusions is determined by their shape, distribution, and dimension. Dispersed spherical inclusions of small dimension are a benefit to the production of AF, and result in good impact toughness.

基于Visual Basic的卧式丝网气液分离器工艺计算软件开发

针对卧式丝网气液分离器手工设计存在的效率低、计算结果不精确等问题,基于Visual Basic开发环境,根据手算实例与工程实践,开发了卧式丝网气液分离器的工艺计算软件。应用结果表明:该软件界面友好、计算结果准确,实现了分离器的精确高效设计。

A New Type of Submerged-Arc Flux-Cored Wire Used for Hardfacing Continuous Casting Rolls

It is expected that the welding hardfacing of continuous casting rolls has better welding performance and higher wear resistance. A new type of submerged-arc hardfacing flux-cored wire has been developed through nitrogen replacing part of carbon and addition of the nitrogen-fixing elements of niobium and titanium. And microstructure, degree of hardness and high-temperature wear resistance of its deposited metal samples were also investigated. It is found that the microstructure is martensite, residual austenite and carbonitride precipitates. As a result, the hardfacing metal with homogeneous distribution of very fine carbonitride particles had high hardness and excellent wear-re- sisting property during high-temperature wear, which could significantly extend the service life of continuous casting rolls.

Influence of Granularity and Content of Tungsten Carbide by Surfacing with Flux-cored Wire on Structure and Wear Resistance

The wire was made with foundry tungsten carbide particles as core. Iron-based tungsten carbide wearable composite coatings of different granularity and content on mild steel were prepared by the method of MIG welding. Microstructure of the welded coating was investigated. Surface hardness and wear resistance to rubber wheel were tested. The results indicate that the small particles dissolved more, which separate out with net on crystal boundary. As a result the hardness and wear resistance of that matrix are relative higher. The big particles dissolved less and tree crystal separates out along particles. The gaps of particles are big and the particles tend to fall off when the coating is worn. So the hardness and wear resistance of the matrix are relative lower. The admixture with 80% big particles and 20% small particles has the best wear resistance and its wear resistance is quintupling of that of quenched 45 steel. With particles content up to 50wt%, the hardness and wear resistance increase.

MgO型碱性气保护药芯焊丝的研究

确定了以MgO为主要成分的MgO型气保护碱性药芯焊丝渣系。在此基础上,进行了大量的工艺性能试验,得出了药芯成分等因素对焊接飞溅、脱渣、烟雾等的影响规律。还做了力学性能试验,得出了熔敷金属化学成分对熔敷金属抗拉强度和冲击韧性的影响规律。

CO_2保护碱性药芯焊丝熔滴过渡及影响因素

研究了CO2 保护碱性药芯焊丝的熔滴过渡形式和焊接工艺参数、药芯粉成分对熔滴过渡形式的影响 .结果表明 ,CO2 保护碱性药芯焊丝的熔滴过渡形式可分为短路过渡、粗滴排斥过渡和细颗粒过渡 .药芯焊丝熔化时存在液态渣柱 ,影响熔滴的短路过渡和粗滴排斥过渡 .随焊接电流、电压的增加 ,熔滴从短路过渡逐渐转变成粗滴排斥过渡 ,最后变成细颗粒过渡 .随药芯粉中氟硅酸钠的增加或萤石的减少 ,熔滴的平均直径减小 ,过渡频率增加 .硅铁、锰铁和铝镁合金均能降低熔滴中氧的含量 ,使熔滴粗化和过渡频率降低 .

降低高碳钢线材中脆性夹杂物的试验研究

通过对高碳钢线材断口试样的检验分析,认为钢中存在大颗粒脆性夹杂物是导致脆断的重要原因。通过动力学和热力学分析,在炼钢工艺中采取了低碱度熔渣精炼等措施,有效地改变了夹杂物的性状,减少了引起脆断的大颗粒夹杂的数量。

双丝埋弧焊工艺参数与焊道成形关系研究

双丝埋弧焊以其高效、节能、优质的特点而得到广泛应用,但其工艺控制较复杂,焊道成形影响因素较多。在参考相关文献的基础上,针对高强钢用高碱度烧结焊剂,通过在平板表面堆焊和V型坡口对接板试验,系统分析了焊接电流、电弧电压、焊接速度、双丝位置组合及间距、线能量、坡口形式等与焊道成形的关系。

碱性药芯焊丝熔滴过渡特性及工艺性分析

利用高速摄像和汉诺威弧焊分析仪,在富氩气体保护条件下,在不同的焊接参数下对3种碱性药芯焊丝样品进行了测试和分析.结果表明,较小焊接参数时,熔滴过渡形式为粗熔滴排斥过渡,电弧稳定性差,飞溅大;随着焊接参数的增大,熔滴过渡逐渐转变为细熔滴过渡,过渡过程趋于稳定.熔滴受到较大的排斥力以及熔体的表面张力大是造成大颗粒飞溅的主要原因,较长的渣柱对熔滴过渡具有导向作用,细化熔滴和形成稳定、较长的渣柱是改善碱性药芯焊丝工艺性的重要途径.

自锚式悬索桥基准索股架设的施工控制

根据佛山平胜大桥基准索股架设的施工控制,论述了自锚式悬索桥基准索股架设过程中的主梁、桥塔、收缩徐变、主缆等初始状态确定的方法;提出了根据初始状态计算理论标准状态的基准索股线形算方法;最后阐述了基准索股架设实施过程中的控制方法。

胎圈钢丝的基本特性对轮胎性能的影响

介绍国内外胎圈钢丝的生产品种和标准，探讨了钢丝断裂伸长率及其它特性对轮胎性能的影响，提出了轮胎对胎圈钢丝品种、质量和包装的要求。胎圈钢丝要发展多品种、多规格和高强度产品。不同规格品种的轮胎应选择不同规格品种的胎圈钢丝。

国外电弧增材制造技术的研究现状及展望

综述了电弧增材制造技术的概念、内涵及其在国外的发展历史,着重概述了国外对该技术的几何形状成形能力、组织特征、力学性能的基础研究现状,最后对该技术在航空航天领域的应用现状及发展趋势进行了总结及展望。

振弦式传感器的频率敏感机理与应用

分析振弦式传感器的频率敏感机理,理论上说明这类传感器的传感原理。论述这类传感器使用过程中的关键———激振方式选择的理论依据。比较2类振弦式传感器的特点及使用要点,理论推导和实际运用结合起来,实际使用说明了理论分析的正确性。

页岩气基础地质调查湘洞地1井施工技术

介绍了页岩气基础地质调查项目湘洞地1井的工程概况,重点阐述了该井的钻探施工技术与工艺;结合实钻地层及测井数据对钻井施工质量进行了总结分析;针对钻进过程中出现的问题,提出了改进措施,取得了显著的实钻效果。湘洞地1井采用金刚石绳索取心钻进工艺,通过预判该工艺及强造斜地层的常见事故,优选施工方案,中期严控施工质量,有效预防井内事故的发生,提高了钻进台月效率;钻孔质量六项指标均满足地质要求,顺利有效地完成了钻井施工任务。

25Mn钢Φ185mm×13mm冷拔管内表面麻点状缺陷的分析和控制工艺

25Mn钢(/%:0.24C,0.25Si,0.87Mn,0.016P,0.011S)冷拔管的生产流程为铁水预处理-90tEAF-LFVD-Φ250 mm圆坯HCC-穿孔-热轧至Φ197 mm×17 mm管-冷拔至Φ185 mm×13 mm管。采用光学、扫描电子显微镜、能谱仪和电子探针分析了25Mn钢冷拔管内表面麻点状缺陷。结果表明,麻点状缺陷呈翘皮状和凹坑状,翘皮状缺陷成因是CaO-Al_2O_3-(MgO)复合夹杂与钢基体变形量不一,凹坑状缺陷成因是Al_2O_3-MnS-CaS复合夹杂聚集长大后磨削加工过程中脱落。通过将原铝脱氧精炼工艺优化成硅钙合金脱氧工艺,使精炼渣碱度由原6.76降至2.26,精炼渣中(MgO)由原5.33%提高至7.23%,(Al_2O_3)由26.05%降低至12.76%,使钢中的硬脆性夹杂转变为延展性优良的硅酸盐类夹杂,消除了25Mn钢冷拔管内表面麻点状缺陷。