RENEWAL OF BASIC LAWS AND PRINCIPLES FOR POLAR CONTINUUM THEORIES (Ⅰ) —MICROPOLAR CONTINUA

Based on the restudies of existing polar continuum theories rather complete systems of basic balance laws and equations for micropolar continuum theory are presented. In these new systems not only the additional angular momentum, surface moment and body moment produced by the linear momentum, surface force and body force, respectively, but also the additional velocity produced by the angular velocity are considered. The new coupled balance laws of linear momentum, angular momentum and energy are reestablished. From them the new coupled local and nonlocal balance equations are naturally derived. Via contrast it can be clearly seen that the new results are believed to be rather general and complete.

Renewal of basic laws and principles for polar continuum theories (Ⅺ)—consistency problems

Some consistency problems existing in continuum field theories are briefly reviewed. Three arts of consistency problems are clarified based on the renewed basic laws for polar continua. The first art discusses the consistency problems between the basic laws for polar continua. The second art discusses the consistency problems between the basic laws for polar continua and for other nonpolar continua. The third art discusses the consistency problems between the basic laws for micropolar continuum theories and the dynamical equations for rigid body. The results presented here can help us to get a deeper understanding the structure of the basic laws for various continuum theories and the interrelations between them. In the meantime, these results obtained show clearly that the consistency problems could not be solved in the framework of traditional basic laws for continuum field theories.

RENEWAL OF BASIC LAWS AND PRINCIPLES FOR POLAR CON-TINUUM THEORIES (Ⅱ)—MICROMORPHIC CONTINUUM THEORY AND COUPLE STRESS THEORY

The purpose is to reestablish the balance laws of momentum, angular momentum and energy and to derive the corresponding local and nonlocal balance equations for micromorphic continuum mechanics and couple stress theory. The desired results for micromorphic continuum mechanics and couple stress theory are naturally obtained via direct transitions and reductions from the coupled conservation law of energy for micropolar continuum theory, respectively. The basic balance laws and equations for micromorphic continuum mechanics and couple stress theory are constituted by combining these results derived here and the traditional conservation laws and equations of mass and microinertia and the entropy inequality. The incomplete degrees of the former related continuum theories are clarified. Finally, some special cases are conveniently derived.

Representation of the Basic Laws of Thermodynamics in Quantum Mechanics

We propose a representation of the basic laws, namely the zeroth, first, second and third law, in quantum thermodynamics. The zeroth law is represented by some parameters () that specify respective quantum states. The parameters are the elements of thermodynamic state space. The introduction of such parameters is based on a probabilistic nature of quantum theory. A quantum analog of the first law can be established by utilizing these parameters. The notion of heat in quantum systems is clarified from the probabilistic point of view in quantum theory. The representation of the second law can be naturally described in terms of these parameters introduced for the respective quantum systems. In obtaining the representation of quantum thermodynamics, consistency between quantum theory and classical thermodynamics should have been preserved throughout our formulation of quantum thermodynamics. After establishing the representation of the second law, the third law is discussed briefly. The relationship between thermodynamic temperatures and the parameters in is also discussed.

Textualism, structuralism and originalism： the art of the NPC Standing Committee＇s interpretations of the Basic Law

This paper offers an analysis of the approaches employed in the three interpretations of the Basic Law of the Special Administrative Region of Hong Kong by the Standing Committee of the National People＇s Congress （NPC） after the return of Hong Kong to China, including textualism, structural reading and originalism. The paper stresses the application of jurisprudential theory in the skilful employment of these methods in the NPC interpretations. In the case of ＂the right of abode＂ in Hong Kong the differences between the interpretations by the Court of Final Appeal of Hong Kong and by the NPC rest mainly in whether a formalist procedural review or a substantivist presumption of intent should be adopted in the process of determining an authoritative text that embodies the original intention of the legislation. That is not just a difference of legal interpretation but also one of jurisprudential theory and political stance. Based on the above considerations, this paper criticizes the common misconception that it is not appropriate for legislators to undertake legal interpretation, and calls for an understanding of the Basic Law in the framework of Chinese constitutional government.

Second-Order Positive Comprehension and Frege＇s Basic Law V

Richard Heck and John Burgess have shown that Frege＇s Basic Law V is consistent with predicative comprehension and that the resulting theory interprets Robinson Arithmetic. There are also many other ways to keep Frege from being contradictory. This paper shows that Basic Law V is also consistent with positive comprehension and that the resulting theory also interprets Robinson Arithmetic. In addition, the theory of positive Frege provides a new understanding of Dummett＇s ＂indefinitely extensible concepts.＂

The basic law of the formation and expansion in urban agglomerations

Urban agglomerations are formed when a country is in the advanced stages of industrialization and urbanization. They are highly integrated groups of cities that form and develop through a natural, gradual process as the relationship between them changes from one of competition to assimilation following law of natural development. China is currently in a new stage of transitional development characterized by its New-Type Urbanization Plan. It has entered a new era in which it is a global leader in urban agglomeration development, and China’s research and development models are being imitated and adopted by countries around the world. This paper adopts a theoretical approach to propose the basic law governing the formation, development and expansion of urban agglomerations. This includes the stage-based formation and development law, multi-scale intensive-use transmission law,crystal-structure spatial composition law, egg-shaped expansion evolution law,'saplings-to-forest' natural growth law, and sustainable development incremental increase law.Guided by these law, China has created a hierarchical organizational configuration for optimizing the spatial structure of its urban agglomerations. It has also formulated urban agglomeration development plans and proposed research-based measures to resolve problems specific to urban agglomerations and to promote their sustainable development. The law governing the formation, development and expansion of urban agglomerations play an important role in guiding their development in China and will play a greater role in the future.

行政法典化的渐进主义路径

行政法典是规范行政权和保护公民合法权益的最高级别的规范形式。法典化反映的是编纂法典的动态的发展趋势,其表现形式可以是多元化的,构造可以是多层次的,发展可以是渐进的、多阶段的。行政法典的理论构想包含行政法总则、行政基本法、行政程序法三种模式。行政法典化受行政法体系、立法成果、行政法理论以及文化等因素影响。从目标定位来看,要降低理想型、高级形态行政法典的预期,采取一种更为务实的局部性、适应性、渐进性、阶段性为特征的适度法典化的路径。在功能主义与渐进主义的双重视角下,把行政程序法作为行政基本法典的实现路径,更具有可行性和操作性。

新时代法学基本范畴的重构——构建中国自主法学知识体系要论

在新时代背景下对法学基本范畴的内涵和体系进行重构,是构建中国自主法学知识体系的“成事之要”。“政治新时代”和“科技新时代”的到来,为法学基本范畴的重构提供了背景和动因。法学基本范畴从法学学科体系看构成了近代法律科学的“通用语汇”,从法学学术体系看可谓是法学理论创新的“思想芯片”,从法学话语体系看形塑了中国法学对外传播的“基本语法”。为了重构法学基本范畴,一方面要进行理论上的融会贯通,即贯通马克思主义、中华传统优秀法治文明和西方优秀法治文化三个传统,另一方面要对历史和当下的法治实践予以归纳提炼,并通过建构性解释上升为法学概念和范畴。重构的核心任务在于构筑兼具普遍性与中国性的法学基本范畴体系,为此既要加强对原创性概念和范畴的研究,也要加强对普遍法学概念和范畴的新内涵的研究,并按科学严密的内在结构构筑起以“法”和“法治”为核心、兼具静态性和动态性的二元法学基本范畴体系。

农业基本法视角下日本农业政策演变及特征研究

农业强国的建设离不开农业支持保护政策体系,中国的农业政策函须瞄准世界农业政策演变的共性问题,通过不断地调整与改革提高政策的精准性和有效性。以东亚国家日本为例探究其政策的演变及特征,对于揭示农业政策的前沿发展方向和形成“中国方案”具有重要的实践意义和学理价值。日本《农业基本法》从开始实施,到历次修订,经历了三个主要阶段:1961年日本《农业基本法》实施,1999年修订并更名为《食物、农业、农村基本法》,2024年《食物、农业、农村基本法》修订。日本农业政策的演变特征遵循由第一阶段保生产稳价格到第二阶段注重农业多功能和农村地区振兴再到第三阶段“食物供应-产业转型-可持续发展-乡村振兴”多维度的逻辑,是个不断根据日本经济社会的新规律完成适应性调整的过程。日本农业政策演变过程提供了如下经验启示:一是以法律为依据制定农业政策,二是因时而异确立农业政策目标,三是重视农业和食物产业的绿色转型,四是农业政策的长期一贯性以及政策目标措施的适变性。

论知识产权基础性法律制度的建构

制定知识产权基础性法律,应避免将政策法制化的指导性规范与普适性法律的强制性规范混杂在一起。知识产权基本法不直接涉及公众的民事权利义务,对此已有可参考的国外经验;对于知识产权法典化,则国内历程曲折而域外经验不足。为支持全面创新,宜尽快启动知识产权基础性法律的构建工作,即研究起草知识产权法典,重点提炼知识产权领域特有法律规范,剥离实操性规程,形成总则和若干分编。我国知识产权法律体系化的最终目标,是建构以基本法为索引、法典为核心内容、法典实施条例为注解和操作规程的多维图像,成为新时代科学立法的典范。

马克思主义与中华优秀传统文化契合发展何以可能

马克思主义与中华优秀传统文化契合发展的可能性可以规约为三个层面,即主体层面、客体层面以及实践层面。主体层面,中国的马克思主义者既要具有深邃的马克思主义理论水平,又要兼具浓厚的中华优秀传统文化底蕴,同时还要有推动二者契合发展的主观意愿。客体层面,马克思主义与中华优秀传统文化本属于异质文化,但他们符合“和实生物,同则不继”之特点,二者在形而上层面具有“形似”之同质性,均关注人的问题,注重人伦道德的提升。实践层面,两者契合发展的前夜乃是文化的迷茫时期,契合发展是在多元文化的角逐与竞争中逐渐形成的,是在有识之士的推波助澜下实现的。

新时代大学生思想政治工作人才生成与发展的现实境遇、内在理路和开发策略

国家政策指向、队伍专业化建设驱动和人才培养科学化发展需要是新时代大学生思想政治工作人才生成与发展的自身逻辑。人才供给与人才需求相耦合是人才生成的根本要求,优势积累与创造实践相统一是人才生成的必要环节,连续过程转化是人才发展的必然过程。实现人才开发合目的性与合规律性的有机统一,需要面向需求,系统设计构建阶梯式大学生思想政治工作人才开发项目;坚持高端引领,以重大课题攻关项目开发战略领军人才;坚持以用为本,构筑高层次人才施展才能的专业平台;坚持改革创新,优化大学生思想政治工作高层次后备人才培养模式。

智能化:当今世界现代化的一个基本特征——兼谈智能化在中国式现代化建设中的意义

当今世界现代化建设与智能革命、智能社会密切相关。“智能化”既是智能社会的主要特征,也是当今世界现代化的基本规律和主要特征。智能化在中国式现代化建设中具有重要的意义。中国式现代化建设,必须高度注重智能化建设。一是创新现代化理论,二是充分发挥中华民族的综合性思维优势,三是加快机器智能化、网络智能化和社会智能化建设。进一步加快智能化建设,对全面建设社会主义现代化强国、实现中华民族伟大复兴具有重要意义。

唯物史观社会制度历史演变基本规律非机械性再释

马克思恩格斯认为,在历史进程中,“生产力(生产要素→生产能力)→技术生产方式(工艺方法→生产组织)→社会生产方式(经济运行方式→产权制度)→生产关系(形式生产关系→实质生产关系)→上层建筑”是一个多环节的递进关系,各环节都有反向作用力。由于诸多非生产力因素的作用,尤其是存在效率认识的分歧、利益博弈的斗争和价值评价的对立,上述链条各环节并非机械决定而是存在着非同步、非对应的多元关系。社会经济形态存在着适应生产力及技术生产方式的总体演变趋势,上层建筑存在着适应生产力和社会生产方式的总体演变趋势,但生产力对生产方式、经济制度和生产关系没有简单的直接决定的普遍必然性,上层建筑与社会生产方式、经济基础也经常不一致。辩证的而不是机械的历史唯物论有助于科学认识世界与中国经济制度的现状与未来。

涉外法治的知识体系及其互动性建构

在百年未有之大变局下,新时代的内外双重维度使涉外法治成为中国特色社会主义法治建设的必然选择。涉外法治概念的内涵和外延决定了其学理体系和规范体系,这两大知识构成揭示了国际法一级学科设置和涉外法治专业教育的内在互动性。涉外法治的实践性和专业性决定其理论基础对国际法学的高度依赖。以国际法一级学科的设置为目标,国家主权的双重属性沿着法学基本范畴的逻辑建构了国际法的双重法理。在全球化背景下,国内法治和国际法治相互交融,这使涉外法治的双重规范体系具有内在的互动性。在国际关系的动荡和变革时期,人类命运共同体理念不但有利于系统地建构国际法一级学科的基础理论,而且也有助于中国以负责任大国的身份通过内在的宪法规范和外在的国际软法日益完善涉外法治的规范体系。

论数字时代的《刑事诉讼法》修改

《中华人民共和国刑事诉讼法》修改已被列入全国人大常委会立法规划,在本次修改中应当回应数字时代的需求,关注在刑事诉讼中运用新型数字技术所带来的新问题。在基础理念层面,应当协调数字时代刑事诉讼中技术运用和人权保障的关系,兼顾法律修改的前瞻性与稳妥性,平衡数据安全与个人信息保护之间的冲突。在基本原则层面,应当确立合法原则,要求目的、程序与手段的合法性;通过确认比例原则,协调目的、手段与后果之间的关系;依据区分处理原则对对象、场景、行为方式与监管方式加以区分处理。在制度规范层面,应强化对数字侦查取证的控制,推动数字检察法律监督工作,规范智慧审判,确保公安机关、检察机关、审判机关的数字化改革符合刑事诉讼的基本原理。从这三个层面出发修改《中华人民共和国刑事诉讼法》,能使刑事诉讼的数字化转型在法治轨道内得以实现。

论环境资源法之遵守自然规律原则

环境资源法确立遵守自然规律原则具有充分、可靠的理论依据,包括物质决定意识、生态中心主义、生态系统理论、天人合一和道法自然的中国传统文化。遵守自然规律原则乃环境资源法之基石和根本,也直接体现了环境资源法之特有属性,实有必要确立为基本原则。遵守自然规律原则是环境资源法之基础性、根本性和普遍性准则,是实现环境资源公平、正义之根基,对环境资源法律规范具有指导和制约效力,有着极其广泛的适用性,是环境资源法基本属性之集中体现,是生态理性法治化的关键。遵守自然规律原则要求人们不违背生态规律,服从并合理利用生态规律,包括以整体性为依据统筹解决环境资源问题,非必要不改变生态系统自然状态,合理享受生态服务,维护和保障生态系统动态平衡,科学发挥生态资本作用。

道德支撑法治文化建设的基本路径探析

法治文化是人们对法治所持有的共同价值观念、追求、思维方式、信仰等,以及相应的法律制度、实践活动、物质成果的总和。法治文化既包括精神层面的要素,也包括物质层面的要素,还包括实践层面的要素。法治文化建设是当前我国实现依法治国、建设法治中国的重要内容和基本方略之一。道德对法治文化建设具有重要的支撑作用。道德支撑法治文化建设至少包括五个方面:道德对科学立法的支撑;道德对严格执法的支撑;道德对公正司法的支撑;道德对全民守法的支撑;提升“关键少数”道德素质助推法治文化建设。