A Study of English Neologisms in 2015 Based on the Prototype Category Theory

With the development of science and technology, large quantities of neologisms are created. Neologisms are the result of people's conceptualization of new things based on their life experiences. Cognitive linguistics views that categorization of organisms and concrete objects are based on the prototype category. This paper takes 167 English Neologisms from Wordspy in2015 as the data for analysis and finds that these English Neologisms are characterized by family resemblances, degree of membership in category and boundary fuzziness from the view of prototype category theory. This study also has some implications for the research of English language teaching and learning.

Using Category Theory to Explore and Model Label Event Structures

The development of a concurrent system poses unique challenges, especially those related to correctness and consistency, as such a system usually involves several interactive processes executing simultaneously. To deal with some of these challenges, we resorted to Labeled Event Structures (LES) and category theory as the formal methods to model concurrent systems. Specifically, in this paper, we proposed an idea to define categories and corresponding constructs, such as product and sum, to model events and relationships among events represented by LES. To explain the idea, several examples are developed. Though a mathematical proof, the proposed idea helped to build a correct-by-construction approach for formalizing LES models of concurrent systems.

A Study of Polysemy Translation in the Inner Canon of Huangdi-Su Wen From the Perspective of Prototype Category Theory

Based on the difficulties of polysemy in translation,this paper explains the rationality of prototype category theory in polysemy translation.Taking Li Zhaoguo’s English version of Su Wen as the research object,it analyzes the polysemy translation of“Jing”,“Zong”,and“Jiu”as examples,and puts forward the translation strategies of polysemy under the guidance of prototype category theory:equivalent substitution between categories,synonymous conversion between categories,transliteration and introspection outside categories,so as to provide reference for the study of polysemy in English translation of texts on traditional Chinese medicine.

Basic Categories of the Chinese Socialist Human Rights Theory

The basic categories of the Chinese socialist human rights theory consist of four elements, namely, human rights history, human rights concepts, human rights attributes and human rights protection. The category of the human rights history includes ancient notions of human rights, classical human rights theory, Marxist human rights theory and the sinicized Marxist human rights theory. The category of human rights concepts includes the subjects, contents, forms, classification, origin and essence of human rights. The category of human rights attributes includes universality and particularity of human rights, harmony and confrontation between human rights, politicalness and a-politicalness of human rights, indivisibility between rights and duties, and conditioning of state power by human rights. The category of human rights protection includes human rights and sovereignty, human rights and democracy, human rights and the rule of law, human rights and property, human rights duty holders, and human rights education.

A Study on Senior English Vocabulary Teaching Based on Prototype Category Theory

The emphasis is laid on expanding students’vocabulary in the new English Curriculum Standards.Without effective approaches to vocabulary learning,students can hardly form vocabulary networks in mind.Combining with modern educational technology,the author carries out experimental teaching to explore the effectiveness of vocabulary teaching based on prototype category theory and presents some samples of vocabulary teaching.The study shows that these teaching methods can effectively enhance students’cognition abilities,stimulate association,promote vocabulary processing,form a categorized network schema,and finally improve students’lexical competence and long-term memory.

Representation of Categorical Specification of Self-Configurations in Reactive Autonomic Systems Framework

Software complexity crisis brings huge obstacle to further progress in IT industry. To alleviate this problem, researchers are asked to build systems which can benefit from automation. With autonomic behavior, the real-time reactive systems can be more self-managed and adaptive to their environment. However, most of current formal approaches fail to specify such kind of system. In this paper, we proposed an approach to formally specify reactive autonomic systems. First, we used category theory to formalize reactive autonomic systems;then we focused on the categorization of self-configurations and work flows of reactive autonomic systems, and finally we used XML to specify the categorical models. In doing so, it can help to build the foundation of reactive autonomic systems with autonomic features and verify emergent behaviors.

Towards a Categorical Framework for Verifying Design and Implementation of Concurrent Systems

Process-oriented design and implementation of concurrent systems has important benefits. However, the inherent complexity of concurrent processes’ communication imposes challenges such as verifying consistency between the process-oriented design and implementation of a concurrent system. To deal with such a challenge, we use Galois connections, Failures and Category Theory to construct a formal framework for designing, implementing, analyzing and verifying consistency of concurrent systems. For the purpose of illustrating the framework, a running concurrent system is designed by Communicating Sequential Processes, implemented by a process-oriented programming language Erasmus.

Using Fuzzy Theory in %GR&R and NDC of Measurement System Analysis

ISO9001:2000 and TS 16949 have become the major quality system management models in present traditional and Hi-tech industries. The Measurement System Analysis (MSA) Reference Manual, on the other hand, is one of the core tools in ISO/TS 16949. MSA aims to evaluate Gauge Repeatability and Reproducibility (GR&R) where the control, monitoring, and maintenance of the measurement process are required in measurement systems so that the measurement capability could be ensured under statistical control. An ideal measurement system should present the statistical characteristic of zero error on any measured product. Nevertheless, such an ideal measurement system hardly exists. Managers therefore have to adopt such measurement systems with unsatisfactory statistical characteristics. Traditional MSA indexes are constructed with definite observed values. Nevertheless, measurements with observed values are not entirely error-free. For this reason, this study proposes to research three cases in a case company and apply the integration of Fuzzy Theory and GR&R to discuss the differences in the evaluation index GR&R and the Number of Distinct Categories (NDC). Substituting fuzzy numbers for definite numbers found that the data of %GR&R were increased and NDC was decreased after fuzzification. Such results verify that the fuzzified %GR&R and NDC become stricter in the determination criterion. The research outcomes could assist the case company in improving the reference data of measurement systems and promoting the measurement quality.

On Chinese-English Translation of Public Signs with the Theory of Adaptation -With the City of Leshan as an Example

Globalization brings more and more foreigners to China, so it becomes necessary to translate the Chinese public signs intoEnglish. The public signs fall into different categories and there are similarities and differences between the Chinese public signs and Englishpublic signs. Taking the city of Leshan, a booming tourism resort in Sichuan, China as an example, this paper makes a preliminary study of theChinese-English translation of public signs under the Adaptation Theory.

“数据”可否纳入知识产权客体范畴?

《民法总则》(草案)第108条将“数据信息”纳入知识产权客体范畴,虽然该规定最终未获通过,但却引发了学界和业界的热议,数据可否纳入知识产权客体范畴的讨论方兴未艾。根据“信息链”理论,事实、数据、信息、知识和情报之间是呈现一种由下至上逐步提炼加工的链式关系,数据与信息、知识、情报之间依次包含。但数据并不符合知识产权客体的一般特征,若将“数据”整体直接纳入知识产权客体的范畴,会冲击已有的权能和体系,影响知识产权客体家族的统一性和协调性。应对数据进行分类保护,在现有知识产权保护基础之上,增设数据产权保护模式,数据主体就个人原始数据享有数据人格权和数据财产权;企业就其加工处理取得的衍生数据享有数据财产权,企业这种财产权利取得的门槛低于知识产权取得,不必要求独创性、创造性或显著性等知识产权客体的一般特征,宜采取弱保护模式。

Research on Ellipsis and Substitution—A Prototype Theory Perspective

Though 'clearly' defined by traditional grammar,the boundary between ellipsis and substitution is actually fuzzy.The author infers that the psychological principles which govern all kinds of human behavior of categorization the concrete world also applies to their linguistic behavior.Thus,this thesis attempts to acknowledge the principle of family resemblances in its interpretation while analyzing the grammatical phenomena of ellipsis and substitution from the perspective of prototype theory.Then it concludes that substitution can be considered "entity substitution" and ellipsis can be considered "zero substitution"in the category of SUBSTITUTION,and there is a gradient continuum between them.

A Brief Analysis on Empty Categories in Chinese

This paper aims to give a brief analysis on the Empty Categories in Chinese.It will first illustrate Chomsky’s classification of EC as well as the constraints the subject to briefly,then basing on this classification the author will state some of Chinese scholars’study and research including Xu Liejiong,Huang Zhengde and Hu Jianjun.Finally,the author will compare these classic frameworks and attempt to.

An Overview of Main Theories in Cognitive Linguistics

Cognitive linguistics is an emerging language discipline that studies language based on new philosophical and cognitive views and people's experience of the world and the perception and conceptualization of the world.This paper mainly introduces main theories of Cognitive Linguistics that aims to provide some reference for language beginners and help them to fully understand Cognitive Linguistics.

论体认范畴观

维特根斯坦提出的“家族相似性”批判流行了2000多年的亚里士多德的经典范畴论,开启了范畴研究的另一方向。维特根斯坦的观点于20多年后被罗施更名为“原型范畴论”,认知语言学家将其引入语言学领域,用它可以解释传统理论解决不了的若干难题。然而,原型论忽视了范畴的抽象性和动态性,由此“图式范畴论”和“动态范畴论”应运而生。本文基于体认哲学提出“体认范畴观”,以强调范畴的体认成因及其抽象性、民族性、动态性,以期对许多语言现象做出更为统一、适切和合理的解释。

经学思维与古代文论范畴--以“教化”“文质”“风骨”“古雅”范畴为中心

经学思维在中国古代官方意识形态中占有重要地位,在对古代文论范畴的研究中,离不开对经学思维的分析讨论。经学思维中明道致用、宗经征圣、权威崇拜、信而好古等特点直接关系到了“教化”“文质”“风骨”“古雅”等文论范畴的生成和演变。经学思维为文学创作提供了一种道德文化品格,文学与经学广泛交融,共同满足了封建专制统治的政治需求。

感觉的学习论意义及其现实指向

实现课堂教学变革,发展学生核心素养,要克服理性至上的教学,重视感觉的学习论意义,引导学生的感知学习。作为哲学范畴的“感觉”与思维对立统一,中西方哲学从认识论的角度探讨了感官感觉对人的认知发展、经验生成的意义,形成了对感觉和感觉经验的系统理解。从感觉的本质来看,感觉指向身体,感觉是身体机能的生动体现。对感觉的承认体现了对现实世界客观性的正确把握。从教育学的立场审视感觉,感觉教育、直观教学等思想揭示了感觉对个体认知发展和学习活动展开的重要价值,感觉是认知生成和学习发生的前提。感觉是人对客观世界刺激的反映,是认识的初级形式,为知觉、表象等感性认识形式奠定基础,感觉、知觉、表象与思维之间存在着逻辑转化关系。在教学中,教师要克服理性至上的弊端,以感知学习促进学生的认知进阶,引导学生的感官参与,丰富其学习中的可感体验,以实现学生感性与理性的逻辑转化。

中国理论: 习近平文化思想的关键词

如何从新的角度阐释习近平文化思想是当代马克思主义理论工作的一项重要任务。在回顾当前诸多阐释观点后进一步认为,研究者们对习近平文化思想的研究应有更高的站位。解决这一问题就需要定义习近平文化思想这个理论概念。为此,笔者从马克思主义认识论出发,在“基本层面”对习近平文化思想形成如下定义:习近平文化思想是中国共产党在全球化背景下以中文概念系统阐述中华民族现代文明的中国理论。这一定义揭示了习近平文化思想的本质--中国理论,即在新时代世界格局中,一种基于中国历史文化经验和中国社会主义实践经验的中国政治—文化理论。从文化形式上来说,习近平文化思想涵摄了马克思主义基本原理和中华文化,并以中国古典理论范畴阐释新文化,形成了具有中华民族特色和新时代特色的文化。从内容上来说,习近平文化思想在体用视角下,从文化战略、方针政策等层面规划了中华民族现代文明的发展前景,开创了中华民族立足中国、面向世界的交流互鉴的开放文明体系。因此,无论是文化形式,还是理论内容,它们都构成了现阶段中国理论的基本涵义。从这个意义上说,中国理论是习近平文化思想的关键词,它标志着中华文化已经进入到一个跨越性的新发展阶段。它阐释了习近平文化思想守正创新的理论特征,凸显了习近平文化思想的文化战略价值。

基于原型范畴理论的《金匮要略》病证术语翻译研究

范畴化是人类语言的基本特征之一。原型范畴理论作为认知语言学的重要组成部分,可用于对中医典籍中的术语进行范畴化分类,解决术语标准化建设中翻译缺乏系统性的难题。中医典籍中的病证术语承载着中医的独特文化内涵,体现了人们对疾病的认知概念。《金匮要略》作为中医四大经典之一,有着较高的学术研究价值。本文以《金匮要略》中的代表性中医病证术语“痹”证、“饮”证和“疟”病为例,在原型范畴理论的指导下分析了三个典型英译本的翻译策略,推荐首先建立病证名的原型范畴词,在此基础上确定次范畴词,构建系统的翻译模式,使中医病证术语的翻译形成相对稳定的译文体系,并为中医术语英译标准化研究提供理论支持,为中医翻译研究发展作出贡献。

马克思正义理论的内在规定性与生成进路

马克思的政治哲学与正义的关系问题是国内外学界探讨的热点问题之一。一种观点认为:按照马克思理论经典解释,立足法权范畴,正义是生产方式的表象,其具有依赖性与衍生性,而以此为基础对资本主义进行批判有其限度;另一种观点认为:虽然马克思并未使用资本主义不正义的话语,但马克思对社会正义的探讨却是不容争辩的事实。据此,相关学者将马克思的正义思想分析为分配正义,并试图从分配领域切入回答马克思的正义问题。本文试图证明:不论是基于法权批判立场而对马克思正义思想的拒斥还是将其分析为分配正义都是片面的、狭隘的。马克思持守的是一种超越法权批判与分配正义批判的实践正义论,理解这一点能够为我们科学认识马克思的正义理论提供可能性。

中晚唐私修类书与律赋关系略论

作为文学体裁的赋与作为书籍体式的类书,虽然分属于不同领域,产生于不同时代,但两者在功能、题材、体例等方面有着天然联系。中晚唐时期的私修类书与律赋,在上述联系的基础上,有着更为密切的关系:两者在科举考试这一相同的背景下出现,有着相似的生成机制和政治教化功能,也正因为如此,此期的私修类书对律赋的体制特点、理论主张均产生了深远影响。