As a new way of governance,deliberative democracy has an inherent compatibility with river basin water environment governance.Consultative governance of river basin water environment is an important way to build an ec...As a new way of governance,deliberative democracy has an inherent compatibility with river basin water environment governance.Consultative governance of river basin water environment is an important way to build an ecological civilization in the river basin.It involves three different levels of government-level democratic coordination,government-enterprise-society consultation and cooperation,and independent consultation between citizens and their governance mechanisms.To realize the consultative governance of river basin water environment,the concept and system construction of consultative governance should be incorporated into the system and mechanism construction of river basin water environment administration.展开更多
The Tai and Chao Lake basins are currently facing a serious water pollution crisis associated with the absence of an effective environmental governance system. The water pollution and the water governance system of th...The Tai and Chao Lake basins are currently facing a serious water pollution crisis associated with the absence of an effective environmental governance system. The water pollution and the water governance system of the two basins will be compared. The reasons for water pollution in both basins are similar, namely the weak current water environmental governance system cannot deal with the consequences of the rapidly growing economy. China’s water governance system is a complicated combination of basin management with both departmental management and regional management. There is an absence of legal support and sound coordination mechanisms, resulting in fragmented management practices in the existing water environmental governance system. A comparison is made for the Tai and Chao Lake basins and Canada, France, the United Kingdom and the United States. Based on China’s present central-local governance structure and departmental system, an integrated reform of basin level and water environmental governance in China should learn from international experiences. The reforms could consist of improved governance structures, rebuilding authoritative and powerful agencies for basin management, strengthening the organizational structure of the basin administrations, improving legislation and regulatory systems for basin management and enhancing public participation mechanisms.展开更多
Emergency retention basins (ERB) are diked enclosures alongside rivers into which water from the main river channel is diverted during extreme floods. If the basins are operated during extreme flooding, two negative e...Emergency retention basins (ERB) are diked enclosures alongside rivers into which water from the main river channel is diverted during extreme floods. If the basins are operated during extreme flooding, two negative environmental impacts may occur: 1) contamination of the soils due to their transport by suspended sediments to the basin and 2) depletion of dissolved oxygen in the basin water. A computer-based methodology is presented which was used to assess the environmental risk exhibited by the operation of an ERB system proposed for the Elbe River in Germany. The August 2002 extreme flood event was used as a test case. For such a flood, the results showed that there is a 77% risk that dissolved oxygen levels fall below 2 mg/L in the water and a 48% chance of exceeding the inspection value of 500 mg zinc/kg in the soil.展开更多
古溪沟流域是岷江上游汇入紫坪铺水库重要的补水单元,为研究极端干旱条件下流域内地下水-地表水化学特征和影响因素,探讨地下水资源战略储备选址适宜性,通过采集16个地下水样和2个地表水样,综合运用Gibbs图、离子比值、绝对主成分-多元...古溪沟流域是岷江上游汇入紫坪铺水库重要的补水单元,为研究极端干旱条件下流域内地下水-地表水化学特征和影响因素,探讨地下水资源战略储备选址适宜性,通过采集16个地下水样和2个地表水样,综合运用Gibbs图、离子比值、绝对主成分-多元线性回归模型(absolute principal component multiple linear regression model,APCS-MLR)等方法分析水化学及其影响因素;运用熵权水质指数(entropy weighted water quality index,EWQI)进行地下水水质评价;采用层次分析法(analytic hierarchy process,AHP)构建流域地下水资源战略储备选址适宜性指标评价体系,探讨地下水资源战略储备选址的适宜性。结果表明:古溪沟流域地下水-地表水中主要阳离子为Ca^(2+)、Mg^(2+)、Na^(+)、K^(+),主要阴离子为HCO_(3)^-、SO_(4)^(2-)、Cl^(-),地下水化学类型以HCO_(3)-Ca、HCO_(3)-Ca·Mg、HCO_(3)·SO_(4)-Ca为主;Gibbs图、离子比值、APCS-MLR模型等解译出水化学组分主要来源为水-岩作用(44.08%)、工业活动(12.17%)、原生地质环境叠加工业活动(11.83%)、农业活动叠加生活污染(9.04%),水-岩相互作用主导了地下水水质形成的水文地球化学过程的同时还受到人为活动因素和自然环境等其他因素的影响;EWQI评价地下水质量为Ⅰ级和Ⅱ级分别占比56.25%和18.75%,Ⅲ级的占比为6.25%,Ⅳ级和Ⅴ级分别占比12.50%和6.25%,地表水上游为Ⅰ级,下游为Ⅳ级,整体出现沿地下水径流途径,水质逐渐变差的现象,表明地下水-地表水已受到人类活动一定程度的影响;流域地下水资源战略储备选址综合适宜性指数AI介于1.0^9.8,适宜区面积占比48.57%,分布在流域中-东部下游区域,不适宜占比51.43%,不适宜区分布在流域上游区域,研究成果可在极端条件下为古溪沟流域-紫坪铺水库-都江堰的水资源安全开发利用及地下水资源战略储备选址布局提供参考。展开更多
基金Supported by Key Projects of Hunan Department of Education(19A516)。
文摘As a new way of governance,deliberative democracy has an inherent compatibility with river basin water environment governance.Consultative governance of river basin water environment is an important way to build an ecological civilization in the river basin.It involves three different levels of government-level democratic coordination,government-enterprise-society consultation and cooperation,and independent consultation between citizens and their governance mechanisms.To realize the consultative governance of river basin water environment,the concept and system construction of consultative governance should be incorporated into the system and mechanism construction of river basin water environment administration.
文摘The Tai and Chao Lake basins are currently facing a serious water pollution crisis associated with the absence of an effective environmental governance system. The water pollution and the water governance system of the two basins will be compared. The reasons for water pollution in both basins are similar, namely the weak current water environmental governance system cannot deal with the consequences of the rapidly growing economy. China’s water governance system is a complicated combination of basin management with both departmental management and regional management. There is an absence of legal support and sound coordination mechanisms, resulting in fragmented management practices in the existing water environmental governance system. A comparison is made for the Tai and Chao Lake basins and Canada, France, the United Kingdom and the United States. Based on China’s present central-local governance structure and departmental system, an integrated reform of basin level and water environmental governance in China should learn from international experiences. The reforms could consist of improved governance structures, rebuilding authoritative and powerful agencies for basin management, strengthening the organizational structure of the basin administrations, improving legislation and regulatory systems for basin management and enhancing public participation mechanisms.
文摘Emergency retention basins (ERB) are diked enclosures alongside rivers into which water from the main river channel is diverted during extreme floods. If the basins are operated during extreme flooding, two negative environmental impacts may occur: 1) contamination of the soils due to their transport by suspended sediments to the basin and 2) depletion of dissolved oxygen in the basin water. A computer-based methodology is presented which was used to assess the environmental risk exhibited by the operation of an ERB system proposed for the Elbe River in Germany. The August 2002 extreme flood event was used as a test case. For such a flood, the results showed that there is a 77% risk that dissolved oxygen levels fall below 2 mg/L in the water and a 48% chance of exceeding the inspection value of 500 mg zinc/kg in the soil.
文摘古溪沟流域是岷江上游汇入紫坪铺水库重要的补水单元,为研究极端干旱条件下流域内地下水-地表水化学特征和影响因素,探讨地下水资源战略储备选址适宜性,通过采集16个地下水样和2个地表水样,综合运用Gibbs图、离子比值、绝对主成分-多元线性回归模型(absolute principal component multiple linear regression model,APCS-MLR)等方法分析水化学及其影响因素;运用熵权水质指数(entropy weighted water quality index,EWQI)进行地下水水质评价;采用层次分析法(analytic hierarchy process,AHP)构建流域地下水资源战略储备选址适宜性指标评价体系,探讨地下水资源战略储备选址的适宜性。结果表明:古溪沟流域地下水-地表水中主要阳离子为Ca^(2+)、Mg^(2+)、Na^(+)、K^(+),主要阴离子为HCO_(3)^-、SO_(4)^(2-)、Cl^(-),地下水化学类型以HCO_(3)-Ca、HCO_(3)-Ca·Mg、HCO_(3)·SO_(4)-Ca为主;Gibbs图、离子比值、APCS-MLR模型等解译出水化学组分主要来源为水-岩作用(44.08%)、工业活动(12.17%)、原生地质环境叠加工业活动(11.83%)、农业活动叠加生活污染(9.04%),水-岩相互作用主导了地下水水质形成的水文地球化学过程的同时还受到人为活动因素和自然环境等其他因素的影响;EWQI评价地下水质量为Ⅰ级和Ⅱ级分别占比56.25%和18.75%,Ⅲ级的占比为6.25%,Ⅳ级和Ⅴ级分别占比12.50%和6.25%,地表水上游为Ⅰ级,下游为Ⅳ级,整体出现沿地下水径流途径,水质逐渐变差的现象,表明地下水-地表水已受到人类活动一定程度的影响;流域地下水资源战略储备选址综合适宜性指数AI介于1.0^9.8,适宜区面积占比48.57%,分布在流域中-东部下游区域,不适宜占比51.43%,不适宜区分布在流域上游区域,研究成果可在极端条件下为古溪沟流域-紫坪铺水库-都江堰的水资源安全开发利用及地下水资源战略储备选址布局提供参考。
