CO2reservoirs are widely distributed within the Yingcheng Formation in the Songliao Basin, but the extreme horizontal heterogeneity of CO2content causes difficulties in the exploration and exploitation of methane. For...CO2reservoirs are widely distributed within the Yingcheng Formation in the Songliao Basin, but the extreme horizontal heterogeneity of CO2content causes difficulties in the exploration and exploitation of methane. Former studies have fully covered the lithology, structure, and distribution of the reservoirs high in CO2content, but few are reported about migration and accumulation of CO2. Using the East Changde Gas Field as an example, we studied the accumulation mechanisms of CO2 gas. Two original types of accumulation model are proposed in this study. The fault-controlled accumulation model refers to gas accumulation in the reservoir body that is cut by a basement fault(the West Xu Fault), allowing the hydrocarbon gas generated in the lower formation to migrate into the reservoir body through the fault, which results in a relatively lower CO2content. The volcanic conduit-controlled accumulation model refers to a reservoir body that is not cut by the basement fault, which prevents the hydrocarbon gas from being mixed in and leads to higher CO2contents. This conclusion provides useful theories for prediction of CO2distribution in similar basins and reservoirs.展开更多
The Lower Triassic Jialingjiang Formation reservoirs are distributed widely in the East Sichuan Basin, which are composed mainly of fractured reservoirs. However, natural gas with high concentration of H2S, ranging fr...The Lower Triassic Jialingjiang Formation reservoirs are distributed widely in the East Sichuan Basin, which are composed mainly of fractured reservoirs. However, natural gas with high concentration of H2S, ranging from 4% to 7%, was discovered in the Wolonghe Gas pool consisting primarily of porous reservoirs, while the other over 20 fractured gas reservoirs have comparatively low, tiny and even no H2S within natural gases. Researches have proved the H2S of the above reservoirs are all from the TSR origin. Most of the Jialingjiang Formation natural gases are mainly generated from Lower Permian carbonate rocks, the Wolonghe gas pool＇s natural gases are from the Upper Permian Longtan Formation, and the natural gases of the Huangcaoxia and Fuchengzhai gas pools are all from Lower Silurian mudstone. The formation of H2S is controlled by the characteristics and temperature of reservoirs, and is not necessarily related with gas sources. The Jialingjiang Formation in East Sichuan is buried deeply and its reservoir temperature has ever attained the condition of the TSR reaction. Due to poor reservoir potential, most of the gas pools do not have enough room for hydrocarbon reaction except for the Wolonghe gas pool, and thus natural gases with high H2S concentration are difficult to be generated abundantly. The south part of East Sichuan did not generate natural gases with high H2S concentration because the reservoir was buried relatively shallow, and did not suffer high temperature. Hence, while predicting the distribution of H2S, the characteristics and temperature of reservoirs are the necessary factors to be considerd besides the existence of anhydrite.展开更多
Hetianhe is a big carbonate gas field which isfound and demonstrated in the period of 'Chinese NationalNinth 5-Year Plan'. The proved reserve of Hetianhe gas fieldis over 600 ×10~8 m^3. Its main producing...Hetianhe is a big carbonate gas field which isfound and demonstrated in the period of 'Chinese NationalNinth 5-Year Plan'. The proved reserve of Hetianhe gas fieldis over 600 ×10~8 m^3. Its main producing layers are Carbon-iferous bioclastic limestone and Ordovician carbonate com-posed of buried hill. The former is stratified gas pool withwater around its side, and the latter is massive gas pool withwater in its bottom. The gases in the gas pools belong to drygases with normal temperature and pressure systems. Basedon the correlation of gas and source rock, the gases aremainly generated from Cambrian source rocks. According tothe researches on source rock and structure evolution, andthe observations on the thin section to reservoir bitumen andthe studies on homogenization temperature of fluid inclu-sions, the gas pool has been identified and divided into threeformation periods. The first is Late Caledonian when the oilgenerated from the Cambrian source rocks and migratedalong faults, as a form of liquid facies into Ordovician carbonate res-ervoir and accumulated there. After that, the crustuplifted, the oil reservoir had been destroyed. The second isLate Hercynian when condensate gases generated from theCambrian source rocks and migrated into Ordovician res-ervoir, as a form of liquid facies. Since the fractures hadreached P strata, so the trap might have a real poor preser-vation condition, and the large-scale gas pool formation hadnot happened. The third gas reservoir formation period oc-curred in Himalaya. The fractures on both sides of Hetianhegas field developed violently under the forces of compression,and thus the present fault horst formed. The dry gases gen-erated from Cambrian source rocks and migrated upwardsas the form of gas facies into Ordovician and Carboniferousreservoirs, and the large gas pool as discovered at presentwas formed finally.展开更多
Comparing compositions of the fluid inclusions in volcanic rocks to the contents and isotopes of the gases in corresponding volcanic reservoirs using microthermometry, Raman microspectroscopy and mass spectrum analysi...Comparing compositions of the fluid inclusions in volcanic rocks to the contents and isotopes of the gases in corresponding volcanic reservoirs using microthermometry, Raman microspectroscopy and mass spectrum analysis, we found that： （1） up to 82 mole% methane exists in the primary inclusions hosted in the reservoir volcanic rocks; （2） high CH4 inclusions recognized in the volcanic rocks correspond to CH4-bcaring CO2 reservoirs that are rich in helium and with a high ^3He/^4He ratio and which show reversed order of 813C in alkane; （3） in gas reservoirs of such abiotic methane （〉80%） and a mix of CH4 and CO2, the enclosed content of CH4 in the volcanic inclusions is usually below 42 mole%, and the reversed order of δ^13C in alkane is sometimes irregular in the corresponding gas pools; （4） a glassy inclusion with a homogeneous temperature over 900℃ also contains a small portion of CH4 although predominantly CO2. This affinity between gas pool and content of inclusion in the same volcanic reservoirs demonstrates that magma-originated gases, both CH4 and CO2, have contributed significantly to the corresponding gas pools and that the assumed hydrocarbon budget of the bulk earth might be much larger than conventionally supposed.展开更多
基金founded by the S&T development project ‘‘Key Factors Controlling Accumulation in Old Petroleum System (No. 2016A-0206)’’ by the China National Petroleum Corporation
文摘CO2reservoirs are widely distributed within the Yingcheng Formation in the Songliao Basin, but the extreme horizontal heterogeneity of CO2content causes difficulties in the exploration and exploitation of methane. Former studies have fully covered the lithology, structure, and distribution of the reservoirs high in CO2content, but few are reported about migration and accumulation of CO2. Using the East Changde Gas Field as an example, we studied the accumulation mechanisms of CO2 gas. Two original types of accumulation model are proposed in this study. The fault-controlled accumulation model refers to gas accumulation in the reservoir body that is cut by a basement fault(the West Xu Fault), allowing the hydrocarbon gas generated in the lower formation to migrate into the reservoir body through the fault, which results in a relatively lower CO2content. The volcanic conduit-controlled accumulation model refers to a reservoir body that is not cut by the basement fault, which prevents the hydrocarbon gas from being mixed in and leads to higher CO2contents. This conclusion provides useful theories for prediction of CO2distribution in similar basins and reservoirs.
基金This work was supported by the National Natural Science Foundation of China （Grant No. 40602016）the National Key Basic Research and Development Planning Project （2006CB202307）.
文摘The Lower Triassic Jialingjiang Formation reservoirs are distributed widely in the East Sichuan Basin, which are composed mainly of fractured reservoirs. However, natural gas with high concentration of H2S, ranging from 4% to 7%, was discovered in the Wolonghe Gas pool consisting primarily of porous reservoirs, while the other over 20 fractured gas reservoirs have comparatively low, tiny and even no H2S within natural gases. Researches have proved the H2S of the above reservoirs are all from the TSR origin. Most of the Jialingjiang Formation natural gases are mainly generated from Lower Permian carbonate rocks, the Wolonghe gas pool＇s natural gases are from the Upper Permian Longtan Formation, and the natural gases of the Huangcaoxia and Fuchengzhai gas pools are all from Lower Silurian mudstone. The formation of H2S is controlled by the characteristics and temperature of reservoirs, and is not necessarily related with gas sources. The Jialingjiang Formation in East Sichuan is buried deeply and its reservoir temperature has ever attained the condition of the TSR reaction. Due to poor reservoir potential, most of the gas pools do not have enough room for hydrocarbon reaction except for the Wolonghe gas pool, and thus natural gases with high H2S concentration are difficult to be generated abundantly. The south part of East Sichuan did not generate natural gases with high H2S concentration because the reservoir was buried relatively shallow, and did not suffer high temperature. Hence, while predicting the distribution of H2S, the characteristics and temperature of reservoirs are the necessary factors to be considerd besides the existence of anhydrite.
文摘Hetianhe is a big carbonate gas field which isfound and demonstrated in the period of 'Chinese NationalNinth 5-Year Plan'. The proved reserve of Hetianhe gas fieldis over 600 ×10~8 m^3. Its main producing layers are Carbon-iferous bioclastic limestone and Ordovician carbonate com-posed of buried hill. The former is stratified gas pool withwater around its side, and the latter is massive gas pool withwater in its bottom. The gases in the gas pools belong to drygases with normal temperature and pressure systems. Basedon the correlation of gas and source rock, the gases aremainly generated from Cambrian source rocks. According tothe researches on source rock and structure evolution, andthe observations on the thin section to reservoir bitumen andthe studies on homogenization temperature of fluid inclu-sions, the gas pool has been identified and divided into threeformation periods. The first is Late Caledonian when the oilgenerated from the Cambrian source rocks and migratedalong faults, as a form of liquid facies into Ordovician carbonate res-ervoir and accumulated there. After that, the crustuplifted, the oil reservoir had been destroyed. The second isLate Hercynian when condensate gases generated from theCambrian source rocks and migrated into Ordovician res-ervoir, as a form of liquid facies. Since the fractures hadreached P strata, so the trap might have a real poor preser-vation condition, and the large-scale gas pool formation hadnot happened. The third gas reservoir formation period oc-curred in Himalaya. The fractures on both sides of Hetianhegas field developed violently under the forces of compression,and thus the present fault horst formed. The dry gases gen-erated from Cambrian source rocks and migrated upwardsas the form of gas facies into Ordovician and Carboniferousreservoirs, and the large gas pool as discovered at presentwas formed finally.
文摘Comparing compositions of the fluid inclusions in volcanic rocks to the contents and isotopes of the gases in corresponding volcanic reservoirs using microthermometry, Raman microspectroscopy and mass spectrum analysis, we found that： （1） up to 82 mole% methane exists in the primary inclusions hosted in the reservoir volcanic rocks; （2） high CH4 inclusions recognized in the volcanic rocks correspond to CH4-bcaring CO2 reservoirs that are rich in helium and with a high ^3He/^4He ratio and which show reversed order of 813C in alkane; （3） in gas reservoirs of such abiotic methane （〉80%） and a mix of CH4 and CO2, the enclosed content of CH4 in the volcanic inclusions is usually below 42 mole%, and the reversed order of δ^13C in alkane is sometimes irregular in the corresponding gas pools; （4） a glassy inclusion with a homogeneous temperature over 900℃ also contains a small portion of CH4 although predominantly CO2. This affinity between gas pool and content of inclusion in the same volcanic reservoirs demonstrates that magma-originated gases, both CH4 and CO2, have contributed significantly to the corresponding gas pools and that the assumed hydrocarbon budget of the bulk earth might be much larger than conventionally supposed.
