FINGDING A WAY OUT Cities carry out distinct strategies in batting with the exacerbating traffic jams

Alottery was broadcast live both on TV and over the Internet in Beijing on January 26. The "talk-of-the-town" lottery attracted at least 187,000 pairs of attentive eyes of people who were not yearning for

Myotis bat STING attenuates aging-related inflammation in female mice

Bats,notable as the only flying mammals,serve as natural reservoir hosts for various highly pathogenic viruses in humans(e.g.,SARS-CoV and Ebola virus).Furthermore,bats exhibit an unparalleled longevity among mammals relative to their size,particularly the Myotis bats,which can live up to 40 years.However,the mechanisms underlying these distinctive traits remain incompletely understood.In our prior research,we demonstrated that bats exhibit dampened STING-interferon activation,potentially conferring upon them the capacity to mitigate virus-or aging-induced inflammation.To substantiate this hypothesis,we established the first in vivo bat-mouse model for aging studies by integrating Myotis davidii bat STING(MdSTING)into the mouse genome.We monitored the genotypes of these mice and performed a longitudinal comparative transcriptomic analysis on MdSTING and wild-type mice over a 3-year aging process.Blood transcriptomic analysis indicated a reduction in aging-related inflammation in female MdSTING mice,as evidenced by significantly lower levels of pro-inflammatory cytokines and chemokines,immunopathology,and neutrophil recruitment in aged female MdSTING mice compared to aged wild-type mice in vivo.These results indicated that MdSTING knock-in attenuates the aging-related inflammatory response and may also improve the healthspan in mice in a sex-dependent manner.Although the underlying mechanism awaits further study,this research has critical implications for bat longevity research,potentially contributing to our comprehension of healthy aging in humans.

Landslide susceptibility prediction method based on HSOM and IABPA-CNN in Wenchuan earthquake disaster area

Landslide susceptibility prediction assesses the likelihood of landslides occurring in specific areas,providing crucial scientific support for mitigating the threat to people’s lives and property posed by landslide disasters.To address the challenges in the existing landslide susceptibility prediction methods,such as insufficient representativeness of selected nonlandslide points,limited ability to capture nonlinear relationships,and a tendency to fall into local optima,the traditional Self-Organizing Maps(SOM)is improved in this paper by using a hierarchical approach to form Hierarchical Self-Organizing Maps(HSOM),and a model integrating the Information Value(IV),Adaptive Bat Precise Algorithm(ABPA),and Convolutional Neural Network(CNN)is proposed,termed IABPA-CNN.Evaluation factors such as topography,basic geology and hydrometeorology were selected with the 2008 Wenchuan earthquake-hit disaster area as the study area.The data were preprocessed,Pearson correlation coefficient,tolerance(TOL),and variance inflation factor(VIF)were employed to assess the correlation among all the factors.Subsequently,the information value for each evaluation factor's classification was calculated,thereby establishing a high-quality sample dataset,which was input into the IABPA-CNN model and IVCNN model(contrast model),respectively.The Receiver Operating Characteristic(ROC)curve was used to compare and analyze the accuracy and performance.The Area Under Curve(AUC)values for the two models is 0.89 and 0.85,respectively,indicating that the IABPA-CNN model has higher predictive accuracy.Compared with the IV-CNN model,the proportion of landslides predicted by the IABPA-CNN model in the high susceptibility and very high susceptibility area increased to 28.18%and 30.76%,respectively.Although the area proportions of very low susceptibility and low susceptibility area increased,the proportion of landslides quantity decreased.Furthermore,Monte Carlo method was employed to analyze the uncertainty of IABPA-CNN model,and average variance of 0.0083,which indicates that the model has high reliability in landslide susceptibility prediction.Therefore,the research results in this study provide a reliable scientific basis for the work of landslide disaster prevention and mitigation in Wenchuan earthquake disaster area.

Chromosome-level genome and population genomics of the intermediate horseshoe bat(Rhinolophus affinis)reveal the molecular basis of virus tolerance in Rhinolophus and echolocation call frequency variation

Horseshoe bats(genus Rhinolophus,family Rhinolophidae)represent an important group within chiropteran phylogeny due to their distinctive traits,including constant high-frequency echolocation,rapid karyotype evolution,and unique immune system.Advances in evolutionary biology,supported by high-quality reference genomes and comprehensive whole-genome data,have significantly enhanced our understanding of species origins,speciation mechanisms,adaptive evolutionary processes,and phenotypic diversity.However,genomic research and understanding of the evolutionary patterns of Rhinolophus are severely constrained by limited data,with only a single published genome of R.ferrumequinum currently available.In this study,we constructed a high-quality chromosome-level reference genome for the intermediate horseshoe bat(R.affinis).Comparative genomic analyses revealed potential genetic characteristics associated with virus tolerance in Rhinolophidae.Notably,we observed expansions in several immune-related gene families and identified various genes functionally associated with the SARS-CoV-2 signaling pathway,DNA repair,and apoptosis,which displayed signs of rapid evolution.In addition,we observed an expansion of the major histocompatibility complex class II(MHC-II)region and a higher copy number of the HLA-DQB2 gene in horseshoe bats compared to other chiropteran species.Based on whole-genome resequencing and population genomic analyses,we identified multiple candidate loci(e.g.,GLI3)associated with variations in echolocation call frequency across R.affinis subspecies.This research not only expands our understanding of the genetic characteristics of the Rhinolophus genus but also establishes a valuable foundation for future research.

Simulation of unmanned survey path planning in debris flow gully based on GRE-Bat algorithm

Unmanned aerial vehicle(UAV)paths in the field directly affect the efficiency and accuracy of payload data collection.Path planning of UAV advancing along river valleys in wild environments is one of the first and most difficult problems faced by unmanned surveys of debris flow valleys.This study proposes a new hybrid bat optimization algorithm,GRE-Bat(Good point set,Reverse learning,Elite Pool-Bat algorithm),for unmanned exploration path planning of debris flow sources in outdoor environments.In the GRE-Bat algorithm,the good point set strategy is adopted to evenly distribute the population,ensure sufficient coverage of the search space,and improve the stability of the convergence accuracy of the algorithm.Subsequently,a reverse learning strategy is introduced to increase the diversity of the population and improve the local stagnation problem of the algorithm.In addition,an Elite pool strategy is added to balance the replacement and learning behaviors of particles within the population based on elimination and local perturbation factors.To demonstrate the effectiveness of the GRE-Bat algorithm,we conducted multiple simulation experiments using benchmark test functions and digital terrain models.Compared to commonly used path planning algorithms such as the Bat Algorithm(BA)and the Improved Sparrow Search Algorithm(ISSA),the GRE-Bat algorithm can converge to the optimal value in different types of test functions and obtains a near-optimal solution after an average of 60 iterations.The GRE-Bat algorithm can obtain higher quality flight routes in the designated environment of unmanned investigation in the debris flow gully basin,demonstrating its potential for practical application.

Augmenting Internet of Medical Things Security:Deep Ensemble Integration and Methodological Fusion

When it comes to smart healthcare business systems,network-based intrusion detection systems are crucial for protecting the system and its networks from malicious network assaults.To protect IoMT devices and networks in healthcare and medical settings,our proposed model serves as a powerful tool for monitoring IoMT networks.This study presents a robust methodology for intrusion detection in Internet of Medical Things(IoMT)environments,integrating data augmentation,feature selection,and ensemble learning to effectively handle IoMT data complexity.Following rigorous preprocessing,including feature extraction,correlation removal,and Recursive Feature Elimi-nation(RFE),selected features are standardized and reshaped for deep learning models.Augmentation using the BAT algorithm enhances dataset variability.Three deep learning models,Transformer-based neural networks,self-attention Deep Convolutional Neural Networks(DCNNs),and Long Short-Term Memory(LSTM)networks,are trained to capture diverse data aspects.Their predictions form a meta-feature set for a subsequent meta-learner,which combines model strengths.Conventional classifiers validate meta-learner features for broad algorithm suitability.This comprehensive method demonstrates high accuracy and robustness in IoMT intrusion detection.Evaluations were conducted using two datasets:the publicly available WUSTL-EHMS-2020 dataset,which contains two distinct categories,and the CICIoMT2024 dataset,encompassing sixteen categories.Experimental results showcase the method’s exceptional performance,achieving optimal scores of 100%on the WUSTL-EHMS-2020 dataset and 99%on the CICIoMT2024.

Inflow and outflow permeability tests in a very soft clay under low stresses

In situ inflow and outflow permeability tests with the BAT probe at SarapuíII soft clay test site are presented.A description of the BAT permeability test is provided,discussing its advantages and shortcomings,especially in the case of very soft clays under low stresses.Pore pressures were monitored during probe installation and were found to be slightly lower than piezocone u2 pore pressures,consistent with the position of the filter.The role of filter tip saturation was investigated after the usual saturation procedure provided an unsatisfactory pore pressure response during probe installation.Results show that the vacuum saturation procedure provides adequate response during installation and increases the reliability of the coefficient of permeability determination in early measurements.Both inflow and outflow tests yielded similar results,indicating that careful execution of the test can lead to good test repeatability regardless of the loading condition.Various sequences of alternated inflow and outflow tests have yielded similar results,indicating that soil reconsolidation and filter clogging were negligible in the tests performed.Data are presented concerning the relationship between index parameters and the in situ coefficient of permeability for SarapuíII clay,which plot outside the range of existing databases.

Urban growth scenario projection using heuristic cellular automata in arid areas considering the drought impact

Arid areas with low precipitation and sparse vegetation typically yield compact urban pattern,and drought directly impacts urban site selection,growth processes,and future scenarios.Spatial simulation and projection based on cellular automata(CA)models is important to achieve sustainable urban development in arid areas.We developed a new CA model using bat algorithm(BA)named bat algorithm-probability-of-occurrence-cellular automata(BA-POO-CA)model by considering drought constraint to accurately delineate urban growth patterns and project future scenarios of Urumqi City and its surrounding areas,located in Xinjiang Uygur Autonomous Region,China.We calibrated the BA-POO-CA model for the drought-prone study area with 2000 and 2010 data and validated the model with 2010 and 2020 data,and finally projected its urban scenarios in 2030.The results showed that BA-POO-CA model yielded overall accuracy of 97.70%and figure-of-merits(FOMs)of 35.50%in 2010,and 97.70%and 26.70%in 2020,respectively.The inclusion of drought intensity factor improved the performance of BA-POO-CA model in terms of FOMs,with increases of 5.50%in 2010 and 7.90%in 2020 than the model excluding drought intensity factor.This suggested that the urban growth of Urumqi City was affected by drought,and therefore taking drought intensity factor into account would contribute to simulation accuracy.The BA-POO-CA model including drought intensity factor was used to project two possible scenarios(i.e.,business-as-usual(BAU)scenario and ecological scenario)in 2030.In the BAU scenario,the urban growth dominated mainly in urban fringe areas,especially in the northern part of Toutunhe District,Xinshi District,and Midong District.Using exceptional and extreme drought areas as a spatial constraint,the urban growth was mainly concentrated in the"main urban areas-Changji-Hutubi"corridor urban pattern in the ecological scenario.The results of this research can help to adjust urban planning and development policies.Our model is readily applicable to simulating urban growth and future scenarios in global arid areas such as Northwest China and Africa.

Descriptive and Comparative Histology of the Urinary System of the Hematophagous Bats Desmodus rotundus and Diphylla ecaudata

Desmodus rotundus and Diphylla ecaudata, both of which are mammals of the order Chiroptera, Desmodontidae family, their diet consisting exclusively of blood. D. rotundus is the main vector and transmitter of the rabies virus, which affects human beings as well as several livestock species so the study of this bat species is of high importance within the fields of animal agriculture and public health. The present study describes and compares the histologic characteristics of the urinary system of two hematophagous bat species. A total of 5 bats from each species were captured in the municipalities of Progreso de Obregón, Hidalgo (D. rotundus), and Huayacocotla, Veracruz (D. ecaudata). Organs belonging to the urinary system were extracted: kidneys, ureters, urinary bladder, and urethra;samples were fixed using 10% formalin and processed by the paraffin embedding technique, obtaining sections of 5 µm thickness, which in turn were stained using hematoxylin-eosin (H-E) and Gomori trichrome (GT) stains. From the obtained histologic preparations, a descriptive and comparative analysis of the structural organography of the urinary system of both species was made, and no noteworthy histological differences between samples were noted. The present research is intended to provide a framework for future studies of these species’ currently understudied microscopic anatomy.

What Is the Impact of Ploughing on Eucalyptus Plantations in Bambou Mingali (Plateaux Batéké, Republic of Congo)?

Soil ploughing is an important stage in the preparation of planting, causing disturbance to the physical, chemical and biological properties of the soil. Soil ploughing can affect the availability of nutrients and water resources, and its effect can be short, medium or long-term. Soil ploughing accelerates surface heating and air circulation and encourages mineralisation by transforming organic matter into mineral salts, making nutrients soluble and accessible to plants. The aim of this study is to determine how soil ploughing affects the distribution of nutrients in the soil profile. The study focuses on nitrogen, carbon, phosphorus, calcium and magnesium, which are major elements of soil fertility on the Batéké plateaux in Congo. The results indicate that ploughing significantly modifies the distribution at depth des elements nutritifs: there is more accumulation at the surface than at depth (ei: nitrogen 1.34 t/ha ± 0.035 at 10 cm compared with 1.034 t/ha ± 0.098 at 50 cm) with a higher concentration of carbon (13.89 t/ha ± 0.87) followed by nitrogen (1.34 t/ha ± 0.035).

Sedimentary Dynamics of the Sands of the Cover Formation in the Batéké Plateaus (Republic of Congo): Paleoenvironmental Implications

The depositional environment of the sands of the cover formation is discussed. This study aims to determine the paleoenvironments of deposition of the sands of the cover formation in the Batéké Plateaus by studying sedimentary dynamics based on the description of lithological facies in the field and granulometric analyses in the laboratory. In the field, six (6) lithostratigraphic logs were surveyed and 42 sand samples were taken for laboratory analysis. In the laboratory, the samples underwent granulometric, sieving and sedimentometry analyses, after washing with running water using a 63 µm sieve. These analyses made it possible to determine the granulometric classes of the samples. The sieving results allowed to determine the granulometric parameters (mean, standard deviation, mode, median, skewness, flattening or kurtosis) using the method of moments with the software “Gradistat V.8”, granulometric parameters with which the granulometric facies, the mode of transport and the deposition environment were determined using the diagrams. Morphoscopy made it possible to determine the form and aspect of the surface of the quartz grains constituting these sands. Granulometric analyses show that these silty-clay or clayey-silty sands are fine sands and rarely medium sands, moderately to well sorted and rarely well sorted. The dominant granulometric facies is hyperbolic (sigmoid), with parabolic facies being rare. The primary mode of transport of these sands is saltation, which dominates rolling. The dispersion of points in the diagrams shows that these sands originate from two depositional environments: aeolian and fluvial. Morphoscopic analysis reveals the presence of clean rounded matt grains (RM), dirty rounded matt grains (RS), shiny blunt grains (EL) and shiny rounded grains (RL). The rounded matt grains exhibit several impact marks. The presence of dirty rounded grains with a ferruginous cement on their surface indicates that these sands have been reworked. These sands have undergone two types of transport, first by wind (aeolian environment) and then by water (fluvial environment).

火电厂运行优化调度算法分析

提出了一种改进的Bat算法,用于寻求火电厂经济调度的最优解。由于火电厂运行同时考虑了热电联产机组的发热量和发电量,因此对于优化工具来说是一个复杂而又巨大的挑战。应用改进Bat方法来提高传统Bat算法的高质量求解搜索能力和搜索速度。这种方法是建立在三个修改的Bat基础上。首先是自适应频率调整,其次是更新速度的最佳范围,第三是良好解的保留条件,目的是改善传统Bat的搜索性能。通过对7、24和48单元系统和IEEE 14总线系统的测试,并与传统Bat方法和其他现有方法的结果进行比较,评价了该方法的有效性。结果表明,该方法是求解火电厂运行优化调度问题的一种有效的元启发式算法。

基于N-1准则的备自投投退控制策略

投退地区电网中的备自投装置是保证供电可靠性的重要措施。在实际的备自投投退中,应充分考虑备用电源侧元件的热稳定极限影响,否则会给电网带来更大损失。在深入分析备用电源侧元件的热稳定极限对各种类型备自投影响的基础上,提出了利用N-1准则对备自投的投退进行控制的策略。一个N-1故障可能导致多个备自投动作,因此备自投投退应该考虑备自投动作组合以及上下级备自投配合问题,文中提出了利用网络拓扑关系自动确定上下级备自投关系的方法。算例分析表明,基于N-1准则的备自投投退策略能充分反映备用电源侧元件的热稳定极限对备自投的影响,符合电网实际情况,具有一定的实用性。

一种现场测定地基固结系数与渗透系数的方法

地基固结系数及渗透系数是地基计算及设计中的关键参数。本文利用IFCOBAT系统测试地基原位水平固结系数和渗透系数,采用考虑塑性区内外孔压系数不同的圆柱形孔洞扩张理论和一维径向固结方程模拟滤头周围的初始超静孔隙水压力分布及其消散过程,在渗透系数分析中,同时考虑了针头对流经水的阻力和滤头及容器内水柱的影响。现场测试结果与薄壁土样的室内试验结果的比较分析表明,现场测定的固结系数和渗透系数与室内试验结果接近。另外,还讨论了两种测试结果之间差别的原因及其合理性。

反照率参数化改进对裸土地表能量和热过程模拟的影响

在陆面过程模式BATS中引入考虑太阳天顶角变化的裸土反照率参数化以改善沙漠、戈壁地表的辐射和热状况模拟,并与观测资料进行了对比。结果表明,各方案不同程度地改善了BATS反照率模拟过高和缺乏日变化等偏差,其中Wang等改进的BRDF和B方案分别使BATS在戈壁地表由-67.75 W·m-2的负偏差缩减到-0.59和0.22W·m-2,感热通量的负偏差缩小了一半,地表温度较大的负偏差控制在1K之内。研究结果肯定了太阳天顶角对裸土反照率计算的重要作用,认为上述方案适用于裸土地表。

DHPLC检测胃癌微卫星不稳定性

为探讨一种快速、简便、可靠的胃癌微卫星不稳定性(MSI)检测方法,用变性聚丙烯酰胺凝胶电泳 银染法检测28例胃癌12个微卫星位点(D1S548、D1S552、D5S346、TP53、IGFⅡR(G)8、IGFⅡR(CT)5、TGFβRⅡ(GT)3、TGFβRⅡ(A)10、hMSH3(A)8、hMSH6(G)8、BAX(G)8和Bat26),DHPLC柱温50℃检测Bat26位点。凝胶电泳发现MSI H2例(7 14%),MSI L胃癌15例(53 6%),Bat26+2例均为MSI H,Bat26改变和MSI H表型一致(P<0 01,Fisher's确切概率法)。DHPLC亦证实2例Bat26+胃癌,结果和凝胶电泳完全一致。结果表明,DHPLC检测Bat26位点是研究胃癌MSI H的较好方法,有一定的临床应用价值。

区域气候模式中径流计算方案的数值试验

采用由曼宁方程推导而来的动力波方程来改进陆面模式BATS中的径流计算方案，并将改进径流方案后的BA偈模式应用到区域气候模式RegCM2中。利用1998年6—8月T106资料做边界场，对改进后的区域气候模式在中国东部地区进行检验。模拟结果表明，改进后的方案在夏季6—8月内模拟的径流值达到80—500mm左右，较原方案模拟的径流量（30—80mm）更加接近径流实况（50—500mm），体现了径流的大尺度平流效应。取单站（武汉）的模拟结果与原模式进行比较，发现模拟场的平均气温与实况场的误差较原模式减小了0．66℃，几次明显的降水过程也有很好的模拟。文中还分析了气温、降水、土壤含水量、蒸发等量的模拟情况。

MM5BATS对东亚夏季气候及其变化的模拟试验

将陆面过程模式BATS耦合到中尺度模式 MM5V3 中与另一区域气候模式 RegCM2 一起对1995-2000年夏季东亚的区域气候作了模拟试验, 并与实际资料作了比较。模拟试验结果表明: (1)两个模式均能较合理地模拟出6年夏季平均的环流、温度和海平面气压等的变化, MM5BATS的模拟结果要略优于RegCM2的结果; (2)MM5BATS模式较合理地模拟出了 6 年夏季平均的降水分布, 而RegCM2模式的模拟结果偏强; (3)MM5BATS模式较好地模拟出了 1997 年和 1998 年夏季环流场的变化, 对降水的模拟也比较合理。RegCM2对1997年和 1998 年降水的模拟基本上都偏强。模拟试验结果还表明, 在区域气候模拟中有必要采用更新的模式。

越野滑雪运动员有氧耐力与乳酸阈及个体无氧阈关系的研究

对越野滑雪运动员的BAT、IAT和耐力成绩相关的程度进行了研究 ,并且在田径场做了实地测试、验证。结果表明 :越野滑雪运动员的BAT与IAT高度相关 (r =0 .977) ,5 0 0 0m耐力成绩和BAT跑速、IAT跑速密切相关 ,且具有可靠性 ,利用IAT跑速进行训练更利于发展有氧耐力。

我国环境技术管理体系的建设进程探讨

2007年发布的《国家环境技术管理体系建设规划》成为我国重视环境技术管理工作的重要标志。通过技术管理提高技术在环境保护工作中的作用,实现技术与法律、经济和行政等在环境保护中发挥同等重要作用的目标。目前,技术指导文件基本覆盖包括农村生活、畜禽养殖、城镇污水处理厂污泥及火电、钢铁等行业和领域,环境技术评估体系和示范推广体系也在不断建设过程中。到"十二五"末,将初步完成系统的环境技术管理体系建设工作。