A field experiment was conducted to investigate the effect of supplementary irrigation on watermelon (Citullus lanatus) yield, water-use efficiency (WUE) and root distribution in gravel-mulched field in northwest Lo...A field experiment was conducted to investigate the effect of supplementary irrigation on watermelon (Citullus lanatus) yield, water-use efficiency (WUE) and root distribution in gravel-mulched field in northwest Loess Plateau, China, during 2001 and 2002 growing seasons. The results showed that gravel mulch significantly improved seedling emergence, increased yield and WUE, and alleviated the influence of drought on plant growth. Regardless of gravel mulch application, supplementary irrigation increased watermelon yields, average fruit weight and number of fruit, especially yield increased as the amount of irrigation increased (P<0.05). Generally, WUE of irrigated treatments were higher than that of non-irrigation treatment in gravel-mulched field. The effect of water supply on root distribution was different in two years. In 2001, average root length density (RLD) and root weight density (RWD) whole the soil profile increased. In 2002, however, RLD and RWD decreased as water supply increased. The average RLD and RWD in 2001 were significantly higher than those in 2002. Maybe we can interpret the phenomenon with the theory that there is a need to optimize root distribution (in terms of water relations) and aboveground biomass for a given water supply.The yield may not depend as much on root growth as on the amount of water required at critical stages. A significant effect of soil depth on RLD and RWD were observed in both years, but did not rapidly decrease with depth.展开更多
Under the current context of climate change, supplementary irrigation may be needed for crop production resilience. We determined the effects of supplementary irrigation on sorghum grain yield in the dry Savannah regi...Under the current context of climate change, supplementary irrigation may be needed for crop production resilience. We determined the effects of supplementary irrigation on sorghum grain yield in the dry Savannah region of Togo. A two-year trial was conducted in a controlled environment at AREJ, an agro-ecological center in Cinkassé. The plant material was sorghum variety Sorvato 28. The experimental design was a Completely Randomized Block with three replications and three treatments as follows: T0 control plot (rainfed conditions);T1 (supplementary irrigation from flowering to grain filling stage) and T2 (supplementary irrigation from planting to grain filling stage). Two irrigation techniques (furrow and Californian system) were used under each watering treatment. The results showed that irrigation technique significantly affected panicle length with no effect on 1000 grains mass. Panicle length and grain yields varied from 15.59 to 25.71 cm and 0.0 to 2.06 t∙h−1, respectively, with the highest values (25.66 cm and 2.06 t∙h−1, respectively) under the T2 treatment with the California system-based supplementary irrigation. The comparison of results obtained on treatment T0 and T2, shows that supplementary irrigation increased the yields by at least 68.62%. Supplementary irrigation during sowing and growing season (T2) improved sorghum yields in the dry savannahs of Togo, with a better performance of the California irrigation system.展开更多
Functional magnetic resonance imaging (fMRI) was used to assess the activity of supplementary motor area (SMA) in six right-handed and six left-handed healthy volunteers. Two manual tasks (self-initiated previously pr...Functional magnetic resonance imaging (fMRI) was used to assess the activity of supplementary motor area (SMA) in six right-handed and six left-handed healthy volunteers. Two manual tasks (self-initiated previously practiced and unpredictable visually guided) were used. Quantitative analysis of hemispheric and bilateral SMA activation was described as mean ± standard deviation of hot spots/total spots. The two tasks induced bilateral SMA activation. The laterality of SMA activation was affected by manual dominance. Left SMA was significantly more activated in right- and left-handers while performing the motor tasks with the right hand. Right SMA was more activated in the left-handers when the left hand was used. Task complexity was the most important factor influencing the degree of SMA activation.展开更多
Although some patients have successful peripheral nerve regeneration,a poor recovery of hand function often occurs after peripheral nerve injury.It is believed that the capability of brain plasticity is crucial for th...Although some patients have successful peripheral nerve regeneration,a poor recovery of hand function often occurs after peripheral nerve injury.It is believed that the capability of brain plasticity is crucial for the recovery of hand function.The supplementary motor area may play a key role in brain remodeling after peripheral nerve injury.In this study,we explored the activation mode of the supplementary motor area during a motor imagery task.We investigated the plasticity of the central nervous system after brachial plexus injury,using the motor imagery task.Results from functional magnetic resonance imaging showed that after brachial plexus injury,the motor imagery task for the affected limbs of the patients triggered no obvious activation of bilateral supplementary motor areas.This result indicates that it is difficult to excite the supplementary motor areas of brachial plexus injury patients during a motor imagery task,thereby impacting brain remodeling.Deactivation of the supplementary motor area is likely to be a serious problem for brachial plexus injury patients in terms of preparing,initiating and executing certain movements,which may be partly responsible for the unsatisfactory clinical recovery of hand function.展开更多
The national autonomous areas exercise an important way of autonomy power to make adaptive or supplementary provisions to the existing laws, and the diversity between different ethnic groups determines the adaptive or...The national autonomous areas exercise an important way of autonomy power to make adaptive or supplementary provisions to the existing laws, and the diversity between different ethnic groups determines the adaptive or supplementary provisions that are bound to the existence of conflict in the legislative content and legal application. On the basis of adaptive or supplementary provisions, this paper carries out the analysis on the law conflict problems of marriage adaptive or supplementary provisions, hoping to start a discussion, and make scholars foeusing on the conflict of national regional autonomy law.展开更多
In 2012-2015, under the conditions of different natural wind speeds, the single-rotor agricultural unmanned aerial vehicle was used for the supplementary pollination during seed production of 10 hybrid combinations wi...In 2012-2015, under the conditions of different natural wind speeds, the single-rotor agricultural unmanned aerial vehicle was used for the supplementary pollination during seed production of 10 hybrid combinations with big parental row ratios in the hybrid rice seed production bases of Hunan, Hainan and Guangdong Province, and the pollination effects were studied through the investigation of pollen density in the field, outcrossing seeding rate of female parent and seed production yield. The results showed that under the parental row ratio of 6:(40-60), the seed setting rate and yields of the supplementary pollination by single-rotor agricultural UAV could reach and even higher than those of artificial pollination, indicating the single-rotor agricultural UAV could be used in supplementary pollination for hybdd rice seed production, which could promote the whole-process mechanization of seed production.展开更多
This study assessed the treatment of azo dye Acid Orange 7 (AO7) containing wastewater by laboratory-scale up-flow constructed wetland (UFCW) with and without supplementary aeration. The supplementary aeration cou...This study assessed the treatment of azo dye Acid Orange 7 (AO7) containing wastewater by laboratory-scale up-flow constructed wetland (UFCW) with and without supplementary aeration. The supplementary aeration could effectively control the ratio of anaerobic and aerobic zones in the UFCW reactor. The results clearly show the supplementary aeration boosted the biodegradation of organic pollutants and mineralization of intermediate aromatic amines formed by AO7 degradation.展开更多
[Objective] To study the effects of apple pomace on milk performance of dairy cows. ~Method] A total of 48 Holstein dairy cows at the same parity and with close lactation stage and similar daily milk yield were random...[Objective] To study the effects of apple pomace on milk performance of dairy cows. ~Method] A total of 48 Holstein dairy cows at the same parity and with close lactation stage and similar daily milk yield were randomly assigned to six groups. The supplementary feed was composed of apple pomace, alfalfa meal, com and premix, and it was processed into pellets. In the groups I - V, the percentage of apple pomace was 17.5%, 35.0%, 52.5%, 70.0% and 0%, respectively. Each cow was fed with supplementary feed (3 kg/d). [ Result] The milk yield in the group II and group V was increased significantly ( P 〈 0.05), and the fat content in milk of the group III and V was significantly higher than that of the con- trol group (P 〈 0.05). [ Conclusion] The supplementary apple pomace can improve the milk performance of dairy cows effectively.展开更多
We reported a 50-year-old female patient with left supplementary motor area infarction who presented right lower limb apraxia and investigated the possible causes using transcranial magnetic stimulation. The patient w...We reported a 50-year-old female patient with left supplementary motor area infarction who presented right lower limb apraxia and investigated the possible causes using transcranial magnetic stimulation. The patient was able to walk and climb stairs spontaneously without any assistance at 3 weeks after onset. However, she was unable to intentionally move her right lower limb although she understood what she supposed to do. The motor evoked potential evoked by transcranial magnetic stimulation from the right lower limb was within the normal range, indicating that the corticospinal tract innervating the right lower limb was uninjured. Thus, we thought that her motor dysfunction was not induced by motor weakness, and confirmed her symptoms as aprax- ia. In addition, these results also suggest that transcranial magnetic stimulation is helpful for diagnosing apraxia.展开更多
Chloride binding is often described by chloride binding isotherm, which is closely related to the service life of concrete structures in chloride environments. Many methods have been proposed to determine chloride bin...Chloride binding is often described by chloride binding isotherm, which is closely related to the service life of concrete structures in chloride environments. Many methods have been proposed to determine chloride binding isotherm. Compared to other methods, chloride binding isotherms obtained directly from non- steady-state diffusion tests seem closer to the reality. We studied the chloride binding isotherm from both non- steady-state electrical-accelerated migration and diffusion tests at different temperatures. Twelve concrete mixes with different supplementary cementing materials and water-to-binder ratios of 0.35, 0.48 and 0.6 were cast for study. The specimens after diffusion (or migration) tests were sliced layer by layer, and acid-soluble and free chloride contents of each layer were measured. A chloride binding isotherm was obtained from one specimen. Experimental results indicated that electrical voltage had a slight effect on the chloride binding isotherm of concrete. Temperature had a positive effect on chloride binding. The higher the water-to-binder ratio was, the higher the chloride binding was.展开更多
In this paper, the addition of admixed superabsorbent polymer (SAP) improved the microstructure and durability-related properties in a cement-based system with supplementary materials. This is an important issue in re...In this paper, the addition of admixed superabsorbent polymer (SAP) improved the microstructure and durability-related properties in a cement-based system with supplementary materials. This is an important issue in real construction projects when good durability properties are required. This study investigates the effect of SAP on the systems using cement replacement by fly ash and silica fume considering the strength properties and durability properties of paste under sulfate attack of cement-based system. The replacement considered in the study was of 10% silica fume and 20% fly ash in each case, the dosage of SAP was 0.25% of the total amount of cementitious material. The results showed that the addition of SAP in the cement-based system improved the compressive strength and reduced expansion to sulfate attack. Scanning electron micrographs showed that utilization of fly ash with silica fume and silica fume with SAP resulted in a much denser microstructure, thereby, leading to an increase in compressive strength and lower expansion under sulfate attack.展开更多
The experiment was conducted with twenty-four grazing sheep divided into 3 experimental groups on the basis of body weights,i.e.control,optimal and non-optimal groups to study the effect of optimized supplementation o...The experiment was conducted with twenty-four grazing sheep divided into 3 experimental groups on the basis of body weights,i.e.control,optimal and non-optimal groups to study the effect of optimized supplementation on growth performance and rumen fermentation characteristics of grazing sheep in winter.The sheep in control were grazing only,whereas the grazing sheep in the optimal were supplemented with 250 g of an optimal forage mix and 404 g of concentrate1.The animals in non-optimal were supplemented with 465 g of concentrate 2.Weight gain rate in the optimal increased by 1.2% and 15.3 % as compared to that of the non-optimal and control group,respectively.Ruminal fermentation parameters were not significantly different between the optimal and non-optimal groups,however,they were significantly improved compared to the control.These results indicated that optimized supplementation strategies in winter were beneficial for markedly improving growth performance and rumen fermentation characteristics of grazing sheep.展开更多
Cracking in concrete occurs from volumetric instability, mechanical loading, and/or environmental attack. Compared to conventional vibrated concrete, self-consolidating concrete often has a higher susceptibility to cr...Cracking in concrete occurs from volumetric instability, mechanical loading, and/or environmental attack. Compared to conventional vibrated concrete, self-consolidating concrete often has a higher susceptibility to crack due to different mixture design, material properties and construction practices. To obtain a better understanding of self-consolidating concrete cracking behaviors for designing and constructing crack-controlled structural elements, reported current research and practices are reviewed and analyzed in this paper. It has been believed that when well designed and welt constructed, high quality self- consolidating concrete can be successfully used in various structures with cracks properly controlled.展开更多
The objective of this study was to assess sensory acceptability of locally-produced chickpea-based ready-to-use supplementary foods (RUSF) among moderately malnourished children (6-59 months). A quantitative descr...The objective of this study was to assess sensory acceptability of locally-produced chickpea-based ready-to-use supplementary foods (RUSF) among moderately malnourished children (6-59 months). A quantitative descriptive analysis using a five point hedonic scale among a total of 140 mother-baby pairs was conducted in five hotspot priority one district. The target groups were sampled from 10 sites of five districts (two sites per district). The child-mother pairs per district were selected through systematic random sampling. The selection criteria included children aged 6-59 months with moderate acute malnutrition (MAM) and not suffering from any illness. Half of the respondents (46%) were farmers, while 29% were housewives; only 21% had formal education. Both sexes were equally represented in the sample size among children with 46% being males while 54% females. About half (46%) of households had four or more children with median maternal age during child birth reported at 28.6 ± 5.9 years. About 89% of children consumed complementary food from starchy staple food; 17% consumed from vitamin A rich foods; 57% consumed from dark green leafy vegetables; no child consumed meat, fish and eggs; 49.3% consumed legumes, nuts and seeds; 36.4% consumed milk and milk products and the mean dietary diversity was rated at two out of the nine food groups. The amount of RUSF consumed by children from 48-59 months was higher than children who were 6-11 months. Amhara region had accepted chickpea only and chickpea + maize+ soy the two products more than the other four regions with an average mean value of 4.8 and 4.6 by mother/caregiver and interviewer, respectively. Mothers' perception of the appearance of the products and their overall acceptability was similar in most regions except South Nation Nationality People Region (SNNPR) where the rating of the two products was low with an average mean value of 4.6. Two of the products were well accepted by the study of the participants. The purchase for progress (P4P) programme could utilize this opportunity to support cooperative unions to make chickpeas available on the market given importance to.展开更多
This research was conducted for 3 cropping seasons at Elobeid Research Station in Western Sudan. The objectives were to improve the irrigation water and soil management and crop yield by evaluating the response of sor...This research was conducted for 3 cropping seasons at Elobeid Research Station in Western Sudan. The objectives were to improve the irrigation water and soil management and crop yield by evaluating the response of sorghum crop to different supplementary irrigation regimes and soil amendments management in flood basin irrigated scheme. The existing flood irrigation practice was basically conducive to late planting, weed growth, late season water stress and pest and diseases attack. Four levels of each irrigation regimes and farm yard manure (FYM) treatments arranged in split-plot design were tested. Rainfall, field capacity, irrigation water added, profile water content, plant height, yield components and water use efficiency were measured. Grain yield was significantly increased (p 〈 0,01) with irrigation treatments where 1919, 1870 and 878 kg/ha were obtained for one, two and no irrigation treatments, respectively. The 3 irrigations treatment has produced relatively lower grain yield (1679 kg/ha). FYM treatment up to 4-8 t/ha showed increase in grain yield. Water added in 1, 2 and 3 irrigation treatments amounts to 4475, 5302 and 6035 m3/ha, respectively which supplmented the rainfall by 23%, 45% and 65%, respectively. Water use efficiency was greater with 1 and 2 irrigation treatments and 4 t/ha FYM which reached 0.43, 0.35 and 0.28 kg/m3, respectively. The result concludes that providing supplementary irrigation from crop establishment to mid season was found sufficient to improve crop productivity.展开更多
This paper investigates the properties of hydrated binary and ternary blended cements using limestone and calcined clay pozzolan as supplementary cementitious materials. The blended cements were hydrated and their pha...This paper investigates the properties of hydrated binary and ternary blended cements using limestone and calcined clay pozzolan as supplementary cementitious materials. The blended cements were hydrated and their phase compositions were evaluated by thermogravimetric and powder X-ray diffraction at 28 days. The morphology of the samples was also determined. The water demand, setting time, compressive and flexural strengths of mortar and concrete samples were determined up to 365 days. The study concluded that the portlandite [Ca(OH)2] content was considerably reduced whilst ettfingite formation were enhanced as a result of admixture reactions. The water demand and setting times of blended cements were lower than OPC with 5% admixture content but higher with increasing content. The mechanical test results also showed that Class 42.5N and 32.5R cements can be produced from the binary and ternary blends containing up to 10% and 20% admixtures, respectively.展开更多
The use of natural enemies represents an important strategy in programs of Integrated Pest Management (IPM). Asopinae predators are reared with alternative prey, but supplementary plant may enhance the fecundity and l...The use of natural enemies represents an important strategy in programs of Integrated Pest Management (IPM). Asopinae predators are reared with alternative prey, but supplementary plant may enhance the fecundity and longevity of their females. The objective of this research was to evaluate the development and reproduction of the predator Brontocoris tabidus Signoret, 1852 (Heteroptera: Pentatomidae) fed with Tenebrio molitor L., 1785 (Coleoptera: Tenebrionidae) pupae in a Eucalyptus grandis Hill ex Maiden (Myrtaceae) plant in the field. The duration and survival of the nymphal stage of B. tabidus were 32.07 ± 8.95 days and 77.00 ± 0.42%, respectively with 15.55 ± 8.19 egg masses, 603.00 ± 379.20 eggs and 387.45 ± 291.40 nymphs per female of this predator while longevity of its males and females was 119.80 ± 32.80 and 160.20 ± 42.13 days, respectively. Better results with E. grandis plant in the field and the fact that B. tabidus will be adapted at release time show that this predator should be reared in these conditions.展开更多
Magnesium slag(MS)is an industrial byproduct with high CO_(2)sequestration potential.This study investigates the carbonation behavior and microstructural changes of MS during wet carbonation at 0℃.XRD,TG,FTIR,SEM,and...Magnesium slag(MS)is an industrial byproduct with high CO_(2)sequestration potential.This study investigates the carbonation behavior and microstructural changes of MS during wet carbonation at 0℃.XRD,TG,FTIR,SEM,and BET techniques were used to characterize the phase composition,microstructure,and porosity of MS samples carbonated for different durations.The results showed that the main carbonation products were calcite,vaterite,and highly polymerized silica gel,with particle sizes around 1μm.The low-temperature environment retarded the carbonation reaction rate and affected the morphology and crystallization of calcium carbonate.After 480 min of carbonation,the specific surface area and porosity of MS increased substantially by 740%and 144.6%,respectively,indicating improved reactivity.The microstructure of carbonated MS became denser with calcite particles surrounded by silica gel.This study demonstrates that wet carbonation of MS at 0℃significantly enhances its properties,creating an ultrafine supplementary cementitious material with considerable CO_(2)sequestration capacity.展开更多
After Wang Yangming experienced the revelation of Confucian philosophy at Longchang,he disseminated his heart-mind doctrine by engaging in teaching.A great number of scholars in Guizhou followed him and formed the Qia...After Wang Yangming experienced the revelation of Confucian philosophy at Longchang,he disseminated his heart-mind doctrine by engaging in teaching.A great number of scholars in Guizhou followed him and formed the Qian sub-school of the heartmind philosophy,the earliest of local Yangming sub-schools in the country.roughout the Zhengde and Wanli periods of the Ming dynasty,Yangming scholars and local ocials in favor of the heart-mind philosophy worked in collaboration to collate and print six books of Wang’s works in Guizhou.Among these,A New Supplementary Edition of Master Wang Yangming’s Writings represents the most fruitful e ort by both government ocials(Wang Xing)and local scholars(Chen Wenxue and Ye Wu).As an o print block-carving edition of Wang Yangming’s collections in the early years,it is extremely treasured for its rarity of edition and historical value.e profusion of printing of Wang’s works in Guizhou re ects the wide circulation of his heart-mind doctrines in China’s southwest frontier regions,vividly mirroring the growth of Wang’s philosophy outside cultural centers as well as the complicated history of interactive in uence between Chinese marginal and central cultures.展开更多
基金The study wa supported by the National Natural Science Foundation of China(NNSFC)(90202015,40301008).
文摘A field experiment was conducted to investigate the effect of supplementary irrigation on watermelon (Citullus lanatus) yield, water-use efficiency (WUE) and root distribution in gravel-mulched field in northwest Loess Plateau, China, during 2001 and 2002 growing seasons. The results showed that gravel mulch significantly improved seedling emergence, increased yield and WUE, and alleviated the influence of drought on plant growth. Regardless of gravel mulch application, supplementary irrigation increased watermelon yields, average fruit weight and number of fruit, especially yield increased as the amount of irrigation increased (P<0.05). Generally, WUE of irrigated treatments were higher than that of non-irrigation treatment in gravel-mulched field. The effect of water supply on root distribution was different in two years. In 2001, average root length density (RLD) and root weight density (RWD) whole the soil profile increased. In 2002, however, RLD and RWD decreased as water supply increased. The average RLD and RWD in 2001 were significantly higher than those in 2002. Maybe we can interpret the phenomenon with the theory that there is a need to optimize root distribution (in terms of water relations) and aboveground biomass for a given water supply.The yield may not depend as much on root growth as on the amount of water required at critical stages. A significant effect of soil depth on RLD and RWD were observed in both years, but did not rapidly decrease with depth.
文摘Under the current context of climate change, supplementary irrigation may be needed for crop production resilience. We determined the effects of supplementary irrigation on sorghum grain yield in the dry Savannah region of Togo. A two-year trial was conducted in a controlled environment at AREJ, an agro-ecological center in Cinkassé. The plant material was sorghum variety Sorvato 28. The experimental design was a Completely Randomized Block with three replications and three treatments as follows: T0 control plot (rainfed conditions);T1 (supplementary irrigation from flowering to grain filling stage) and T2 (supplementary irrigation from planting to grain filling stage). Two irrigation techniques (furrow and Californian system) were used under each watering treatment. The results showed that irrigation technique significantly affected panicle length with no effect on 1000 grains mass. Panicle length and grain yields varied from 15.59 to 25.71 cm and 0.0 to 2.06 t∙h−1, respectively, with the highest values (25.66 cm and 2.06 t∙h−1, respectively) under the T2 treatment with the California system-based supplementary irrigation. The comparison of results obtained on treatment T0 and T2, shows that supplementary irrigation increased the yields by at least 68.62%. Supplementary irrigation during sowing and growing season (T2) improved sorghum yields in the dry savannahs of Togo, with a better performance of the California irrigation system.
文摘Functional magnetic resonance imaging (fMRI) was used to assess the activity of supplementary motor area (SMA) in six right-handed and six left-handed healthy volunteers. Two manual tasks (self-initiated previously practiced and unpredictable visually guided) were used. Quantitative analysis of hemispheric and bilateral SMA activation was described as mean ± standard deviation of hot spots/total spots. The two tasks induced bilateral SMA activation. The laterality of SMA activation was affected by manual dominance. Left SMA was significantly more activated in right- and left-handers while performing the motor tasks with the right hand. Right SMA was more activated in the left-handers when the left hand was used. Task complexity was the most important factor influencing the degree of SMA activation.
基金supported by the Youth Researcher Foundation of Shanghai Health Development Planning Commission,No.20124319
文摘Although some patients have successful peripheral nerve regeneration,a poor recovery of hand function often occurs after peripheral nerve injury.It is believed that the capability of brain plasticity is crucial for the recovery of hand function.The supplementary motor area may play a key role in brain remodeling after peripheral nerve injury.In this study,we explored the activation mode of the supplementary motor area during a motor imagery task.We investigated the plasticity of the central nervous system after brachial plexus injury,using the motor imagery task.Results from functional magnetic resonance imaging showed that after brachial plexus injury,the motor imagery task for the affected limbs of the patients triggered no obvious activation of bilateral supplementary motor areas.This result indicates that it is difficult to excite the supplementary motor areas of brachial plexus injury patients during a motor imagery task,thereby impacting brain remodeling.Deactivation of the supplementary motor area is likely to be a serious problem for brachial plexus injury patients in terms of preparing,initiating and executing certain movements,which may be partly responsible for the unsatisfactory clinical recovery of hand function.
文摘The national autonomous areas exercise an important way of autonomy power to make adaptive or supplementary provisions to the existing laws, and the diversity between different ethnic groups determines the adaptive or supplementary provisions that are bound to the existence of conflict in the legislative content and legal application. On the basis of adaptive or supplementary provisions, this paper carries out the analysis on the law conflict problems of marriage adaptive or supplementary provisions, hoping to start a discussion, and make scholars foeusing on the conflict of national regional autonomy law.
基金Supported by the National Key Technology Research and Development Program of the Ministry of Science and Technology of China(2014BAD06B07)the Rice Industry Technology System of Hunan Province~~
文摘In 2012-2015, under the conditions of different natural wind speeds, the single-rotor agricultural unmanned aerial vehicle was used for the supplementary pollination during seed production of 10 hybrid combinations with big parental row ratios in the hybrid rice seed production bases of Hunan, Hainan and Guangdong Province, and the pollination effects were studied through the investigation of pollen density in the field, outcrossing seeding rate of female parent and seed production yield. The results showed that under the parental row ratio of 6:(40-60), the seed setting rate and yields of the supplementary pollination by single-rotor agricultural UAV could reach and even higher than those of artificial pollination, indicating the single-rotor agricultural UAV could be used in supplementary pollination for hybdd rice seed production, which could promote the whole-process mechanization of seed production.
基金supported by a grant-in-aid for scientific research from the Japan Society for the Promotion of Science(No.1907086).
文摘This study assessed the treatment of azo dye Acid Orange 7 (AO7) containing wastewater by laboratory-scale up-flow constructed wetland (UFCW) with and without supplementary aeration. The supplementary aeration could effectively control the ratio of anaerobic and aerobic zones in the UFCW reactor. The results clearly show the supplementary aeration boosted the biodegradation of organic pollutants and mineralization of intermediate aromatic amines formed by AO7 degradation.
文摘[Objective] To study the effects of apple pomace on milk performance of dairy cows. ~Method] A total of 48 Holstein dairy cows at the same parity and with close lactation stage and similar daily milk yield were randomly assigned to six groups. The supplementary feed was composed of apple pomace, alfalfa meal, com and premix, and it was processed into pellets. In the groups I - V, the percentage of apple pomace was 17.5%, 35.0%, 52.5%, 70.0% and 0%, respectively. Each cow was fed with supplementary feed (3 kg/d). [ Result] The milk yield in the group II and group V was increased significantly ( P 〈 0.05), and the fat content in milk of the group III and V was significantly higher than that of the con- trol group (P 〈 0.05). [ Conclusion] The supplementary apple pomace can improve the milk performance of dairy cows effectively.
文摘We reported a 50-year-old female patient with left supplementary motor area infarction who presented right lower limb apraxia and investigated the possible causes using transcranial magnetic stimulation. The patient was able to walk and climb stairs spontaneously without any assistance at 3 weeks after onset. However, she was unable to intentionally move her right lower limb although she understood what she supposed to do. The motor evoked potential evoked by transcranial magnetic stimulation from the right lower limb was within the normal range, indicating that the corticospinal tract innervating the right lower limb was uninjured. Thus, we thought that her motor dysfunction was not induced by motor weakness, and confirmed her symptoms as aprax- ia. In addition, these results also suggest that transcranial magnetic stimulation is helpful for diagnosing apraxia.
基金Funded by Ghent University,Belgium and Central South University(No.2010QZZD018)
文摘Chloride binding is often described by chloride binding isotherm, which is closely related to the service life of concrete structures in chloride environments. Many methods have been proposed to determine chloride binding isotherm. Compared to other methods, chloride binding isotherms obtained directly from non- steady-state diffusion tests seem closer to the reality. We studied the chloride binding isotherm from both non- steady-state electrical-accelerated migration and diffusion tests at different temperatures. Twelve concrete mixes with different supplementary cementing materials and water-to-binder ratios of 0.35, 0.48 and 0.6 were cast for study. The specimens after diffusion (or migration) tests were sliced layer by layer, and acid-soluble and free chloride contents of each layer were measured. A chloride binding isotherm was obtained from one specimen. Experimental results indicated that electrical voltage had a slight effect on the chloride binding isotherm of concrete. Temperature had a positive effect on chloride binding. The higher the water-to-binder ratio was, the higher the chloride binding was.
文摘In this paper, the addition of admixed superabsorbent polymer (SAP) improved the microstructure and durability-related properties in a cement-based system with supplementary materials. This is an important issue in real construction projects when good durability properties are required. This study investigates the effect of SAP on the systems using cement replacement by fly ash and silica fume considering the strength properties and durability properties of paste under sulfate attack of cement-based system. The replacement considered in the study was of 10% silica fume and 20% fly ash in each case, the dosage of SAP was 0.25% of the total amount of cementitious material. The results showed that the addition of SAP in the cement-based system improved the compressive strength and reduced expansion to sulfate attack. Scanning electron micrographs showed that utilization of fly ash with silica fume and silica fume with SAP resulted in a much denser microstructure, thereby, leading to an increase in compressive strength and lower expansion under sulfate attack.
文摘The experiment was conducted with twenty-four grazing sheep divided into 3 experimental groups on the basis of body weights,i.e.control,optimal and non-optimal groups to study the effect of optimized supplementation on growth performance and rumen fermentation characteristics of grazing sheep in winter.The sheep in control were grazing only,whereas the grazing sheep in the optimal were supplemented with 250 g of an optimal forage mix and 404 g of concentrate1.The animals in non-optimal were supplemented with 465 g of concentrate 2.Weight gain rate in the optimal increased by 1.2% and 15.3 % as compared to that of the non-optimal and control group,respectively.Ruminal fermentation parameters were not significantly different between the optimal and non-optimal groups,however,they were significantly improved compared to the control.These results indicated that optimized supplementation strategies in winter were beneficial for markedly improving growth performance and rumen fermentation characteristics of grazing sheep.
基金Funded by National Cooperative Highway Research Program(NCHRP) 18-16 in the US: Self-Consolidating Concrete for Cast-in-Place Bridge Components
文摘Cracking in concrete occurs from volumetric instability, mechanical loading, and/or environmental attack. Compared to conventional vibrated concrete, self-consolidating concrete often has a higher susceptibility to crack due to different mixture design, material properties and construction practices. To obtain a better understanding of self-consolidating concrete cracking behaviors for designing and constructing crack-controlled structural elements, reported current research and practices are reviewed and analyzed in this paper. It has been believed that when well designed and welt constructed, high quality self- consolidating concrete can be successfully used in various structures with cracks properly controlled.
文摘The objective of this study was to assess sensory acceptability of locally-produced chickpea-based ready-to-use supplementary foods (RUSF) among moderately malnourished children (6-59 months). A quantitative descriptive analysis using a five point hedonic scale among a total of 140 mother-baby pairs was conducted in five hotspot priority one district. The target groups were sampled from 10 sites of five districts (two sites per district). The child-mother pairs per district were selected through systematic random sampling. The selection criteria included children aged 6-59 months with moderate acute malnutrition (MAM) and not suffering from any illness. Half of the respondents (46%) were farmers, while 29% were housewives; only 21% had formal education. Both sexes were equally represented in the sample size among children with 46% being males while 54% females. About half (46%) of households had four or more children with median maternal age during child birth reported at 28.6 ± 5.9 years. About 89% of children consumed complementary food from starchy staple food; 17% consumed from vitamin A rich foods; 57% consumed from dark green leafy vegetables; no child consumed meat, fish and eggs; 49.3% consumed legumes, nuts and seeds; 36.4% consumed milk and milk products and the mean dietary diversity was rated at two out of the nine food groups. The amount of RUSF consumed by children from 48-59 months was higher than children who were 6-11 months. Amhara region had accepted chickpea only and chickpea + maize+ soy the two products more than the other four regions with an average mean value of 4.8 and 4.6 by mother/caregiver and interviewer, respectively. Mothers' perception of the appearance of the products and their overall acceptability was similar in most regions except South Nation Nationality People Region (SNNPR) where the rating of the two products was low with an average mean value of 4.6. Two of the products were well accepted by the study of the participants. The purchase for progress (P4P) programme could utilize this opportunity to support cooperative unions to make chickpeas available on the market given importance to.
文摘This research was conducted for 3 cropping seasons at Elobeid Research Station in Western Sudan. The objectives were to improve the irrigation water and soil management and crop yield by evaluating the response of sorghum crop to different supplementary irrigation regimes and soil amendments management in flood basin irrigated scheme. The existing flood irrigation practice was basically conducive to late planting, weed growth, late season water stress and pest and diseases attack. Four levels of each irrigation regimes and farm yard manure (FYM) treatments arranged in split-plot design were tested. Rainfall, field capacity, irrigation water added, profile water content, plant height, yield components and water use efficiency were measured. Grain yield was significantly increased (p 〈 0,01) with irrigation treatments where 1919, 1870 and 878 kg/ha were obtained for one, two and no irrigation treatments, respectively. The 3 irrigations treatment has produced relatively lower grain yield (1679 kg/ha). FYM treatment up to 4-8 t/ha showed increase in grain yield. Water added in 1, 2 and 3 irrigation treatments amounts to 4475, 5302 and 6035 m3/ha, respectively which supplmented the rainfall by 23%, 45% and 65%, respectively. Water use efficiency was greater with 1 and 2 irrigation treatments and 4 t/ha FYM which reached 0.43, 0.35 and 0.28 kg/m3, respectively. The result concludes that providing supplementary irrigation from crop establishment to mid season was found sufficient to improve crop productivity.
文摘This paper investigates the properties of hydrated binary and ternary blended cements using limestone and calcined clay pozzolan as supplementary cementitious materials. The blended cements were hydrated and their phase compositions were evaluated by thermogravimetric and powder X-ray diffraction at 28 days. The morphology of the samples was also determined. The water demand, setting time, compressive and flexural strengths of mortar and concrete samples were determined up to 365 days. The study concluded that the portlandite [Ca(OH)2] content was considerably reduced whilst ettfingite formation were enhanced as a result of admixture reactions. The water demand and setting times of blended cements were lower than OPC with 5% admixture content but higher with increasing content. The mechanical test results also showed that Class 42.5N and 32.5R cements can be produced from the binary and ternary blends containing up to 10% and 20% admixtures, respectively.
文摘The use of natural enemies represents an important strategy in programs of Integrated Pest Management (IPM). Asopinae predators are reared with alternative prey, but supplementary plant may enhance the fecundity and longevity of their females. The objective of this research was to evaluate the development and reproduction of the predator Brontocoris tabidus Signoret, 1852 (Heteroptera: Pentatomidae) fed with Tenebrio molitor L., 1785 (Coleoptera: Tenebrionidae) pupae in a Eucalyptus grandis Hill ex Maiden (Myrtaceae) plant in the field. The duration and survival of the nymphal stage of B. tabidus were 32.07 ± 8.95 days and 77.00 ± 0.42%, respectively with 15.55 ± 8.19 egg masses, 603.00 ± 379.20 eggs and 387.45 ± 291.40 nymphs per female of this predator while longevity of its males and females was 119.80 ± 32.80 and 160.20 ± 42.13 days, respectively. Better results with E. grandis plant in the field and the fact that B. tabidus will be adapted at release time show that this predator should be reared in these conditions.
基金support from the National Key R&D Program Intergovernmental International Science and Technology Innovation Cooperation Project(2018YFE0107300)the China Building Materials Federation(20221JBGS03-11)+2 种基金the Science and Technology Project of Henan Province(211110231400,212102310559,212102310564,222300420167,22A430022)the Opening Project of the State Key Laboratory of Green Building Materials(2021GBM06)the Henan Outstanding Foreign Scientists’Workroom(GZS2021003).
文摘Magnesium slag(MS)is an industrial byproduct with high CO_(2)sequestration potential.This study investigates the carbonation behavior and microstructural changes of MS during wet carbonation at 0℃.XRD,TG,FTIR,SEM,and BET techniques were used to characterize the phase composition,microstructure,and porosity of MS samples carbonated for different durations.The results showed that the main carbonation products were calcite,vaterite,and highly polymerized silica gel,with particle sizes around 1μm.The low-temperature environment retarded the carbonation reaction rate and affected the morphology and crystallization of calcium carbonate.After 480 min of carbonation,the specific surface area and porosity of MS increased substantially by 740%and 144.6%,respectively,indicating improved reactivity.The microstructure of carbonated MS became denser with calcite particles surrounded by silica gel.This study demonstrates that wet carbonation of MS at 0℃significantly enhances its properties,creating an ultrafine supplementary cementitious material with considerable CO_(2)sequestration capacity.
文摘After Wang Yangming experienced the revelation of Confucian philosophy at Longchang,he disseminated his heart-mind doctrine by engaging in teaching.A great number of scholars in Guizhou followed him and formed the Qian sub-school of the heartmind philosophy,the earliest of local Yangming sub-schools in the country.roughout the Zhengde and Wanli periods of the Ming dynasty,Yangming scholars and local ocials in favor of the heart-mind philosophy worked in collaboration to collate and print six books of Wang’s works in Guizhou.Among these,A New Supplementary Edition of Master Wang Yangming’s Writings represents the most fruitful e ort by both government ocials(Wang Xing)and local scholars(Chen Wenxue and Ye Wu).As an o print block-carving edition of Wang Yangming’s collections in the early years,it is extremely treasured for its rarity of edition and historical value.e profusion of printing of Wang’s works in Guizhou re ects the wide circulation of his heart-mind doctrines in China’s southwest frontier regions,vividly mirroring the growth of Wang’s philosophy outside cultural centers as well as the complicated history of interactive in uence between Chinese marginal and central cultures.