Data Processing Middleware in a High-Powered Neutral Beam Injection Control System

A set of data-processing middleware for a high-powered neutral beam injection（NBI） control system is presented in this paper.The middleware,based on TCP/IP and multi-threading technologies,focuses mainly on data processing and transmission.It separates the data processing and compression from data acquisition and storage.It provides universal transmitting interfaces for different software circumstances,such as WinCC,LabView and other measurement systems. The experimental data acquired on Windows,QNX and Linux platforms are processed by the middleware and sent to the monitoring applications.There are three middleware deployment models：serial processing,parallel processing and alternate serial processing.By using these models,the middleware solves real-time data-processing problems on heterogeneous environmental acquisition hardware with different operating systems and data applications.

Development of Distributed Control System for Neutral Beam Injector on EAST

A distributed control system of Neutral Beam Injector （NBI） on the Experimental Advanced Superconducting Tokamak （EAST-NBI） is briefly presented in this paper. The control system is developed in accordance with the experimental operational characteristics of the EAST- NBI. The NBI control system （NBICS）, which is based on the computer network technologies and classified according to the control levels, consists of three levels： a remote monitoring layer, a server control layer, and a field control layer. The 3-layer architecture is capable of extending the system functions and upgrading devices. The timing system provides the reference clock of the synchronization and interlock for the EAST-NBI system. An interlock system ensures the safety of the experiment operators and field devices. Both of the ion sources of the beamline are designed to operate independently. This lays an important foundation for developing a control system for the second beamline on EAST. Experimental results demonstrate that the NBICS meets functional requirements of the EAST-NBI control, and makes experimental operations visual and automatic.

Inverse Optimal Control of Evolution Systems and Its Application to Extensible and Shearable Slender Beams

An optimal(practical) stabilization problem is formulated in an inverse approach and solved for nonlinear evolution systems in Hilbert spaces. The optimal control design ensures global well-posedness and global practical K∞-exponential stability of the closed-loop system, minimizes a cost functional,which appropriately penalizes both state and control in the sense that it is positive definite(and radially unbounded) in the state and control, without having to solve a Hamilton-Jacobi-Belman equation(HJBE). The Lyapunov functional used in the control design explicitly solves a family of HJBEs. The results are applied to design inverse optimal boundary stabilization control laws for extensible and shearable slender beams governed by fully nonlinear partial differential equations.

An Overview of the Control System for Dose Delivery at the UCSF Dedicated Ocular Proton Beam

Since 1978, the University of California San Francisco (UCSF) Ocular Tumor Program has been using particle therapy for treating ocular patients with malignant as well as benign eye disease. Helium ion beams were used initially and were produced by two synchrotron-based systems: first by the 184-inch synchro-cyclotron and later by the Bevalac, at the Lawrence Berkeley National Laboratory (LBNL). Since 1994, protons, produced by a cyclotron-based system at the Crocker Nuclear Laboratory (CNL) Eye Treatment Facility (ETF), have been used for this purpose. The CNL cyclotron produces a 67.5 MeV beam, allowing for a uniquely homogeneous beam for eye treatment, without degradation of the beam or manipulation of the beam line. This paper describes, in detail, the control system for beam delivery, as implemented for measuring and delivering the radiation to ocular tumors at CNL. The control system allows for optimal delivery and rapid termination of the irradiation after the desired dose is achieved. In addition, several safeguard systems are discussed, as these are essential for such a system in the event of failure of software, electronics, or other hardware. The QA analysis shows that the total range of the proton beam is 30.7 ± 1.0 mm in water at iso-center. The beam distal penumbra (80% - 20%) is 1.1 mm for a range-modulated beam at a collimator to iso-center distance of 50 mm. Daily QA checks confirm that the range and modulation is within 0.1 mm. The beam flatness and symmetry in a 25 mm diameter beam are ±1% - 2%. Variation in the daily dosimetry system, as compared to standard dosimetry, is within ±3.5%, with a mean variation of 0.72(±1.9)% and 0.85(±2.3)% for segmented transmission ionization chambers IC1 (upstream) and IC2 (downstream), respectively. From May 1994 to the end of 2015, UCSF has treated 1838 proton ocular patients at the Davis ETF. During this period, no treatments were missed due to any cyclotron or control system failures. The overall performance, maintenance, and quality assurance of the cyclotron and the ocular control system have been excellent.

The control and monitor system for the BESⅢ ETOF/MRPC beam test

A test system is developed for the BESIII ETOF/MRPC beam tests of data acquisition, environment monitoring and automatic control. The software framework is based on the CAMAC bus, VME bus and Serial Port,which are responsible for communications with the detectors. The monitor system works well in the beam test.

Visual Feedback Balance Control of a Robot Manipulator and Ball-Beam System

In this paper, we present a vision guided robotic ball-beam balancing control system, consisting of a robot manipulator (actuator), a ball-beam system (plant) and a machine vision system (feedback). The machine vision system feedbacks real-time beam angle and ball position data at a speed of 50 frames per second. Based on feedback data, the end-effector of a robot manipulator is driven to control the ball position by maneuvering of the inclination angle of the ball-beam system. The overall control system is implemented with two FPGA chips, one for machine vision processing, and one for robot joints servo PID controllers as well as ball position PD controller. Experiments are performed on a 5-axes robot manipulator to validate the proposed ball beam balancing control system.

Active control and experiment study of a flexible hub-beam system

The first-order approximation coupling （FOAC） model was proposed recently for dynamics and control of flexible hub-beam systems. This model may deal with system dynamics for both low and high rotation speed, while the classical zeroth-order approximation coupling （ZOAC） model is only available for low rotation speed. This paper assumes the FOAC model to present experimental study of active positioning control of a flexible hub-beam system. Linearization and nonlinear control strategies are both considered. An experiment system based on a DSP TMS320F2812 board is introduced. The difference between linearization and nonlinear control strategies are studied both numerically and experimentally. Simulation and experimental results indicate that, linearized controller can make the system reach an expected position with suppressed vibration of flexible beam, but the time taken to position is longer than expected, whereas nonlinear controller works well with precise positioning, suppression of vibration and time control.

Focusing Properties of Partially Coherent Controllable Dark-Hollow Beams through a Thin Lens

Analytical propagation formulas are derived for partially coherent controllable dark-hollow beams （CDHBs） through a thin lens based on the generalized Huygens-Fresnel integral. The expressions of the position for maximum irradiance on-axis and the relative focal shift are evaluated by the analytical propagation formulas. Our numerical results show that both the relative focal shift and the effective beam width of focused partially coherent CDHBs are mainly determined by the initial transverse coherence width 6g and the Fresnel number Nw, which are also affected by the changes of both the dark-size adjusting parameter p and the order N of CDHBs.

Investigation on gradient material fabrication with electron beam melting based on scanning track control

A new electron beam control system was developed in a general vacuum electron beam machine by assembling with industrial control computer, programmable logic control （PLC）, deflection coil, data acquisition card, power amplifier, etc. In this control system, scanning track and energy distribution of electron beam could be edited off-line, real-time adjusted and controlled on-line. Ti-Mo gradient material （GM） with high temperature resistant was fabricated using the technology of electron beam melting. The melting processes include three steps, such as preheating, melting, and homogenizing. The results show that the GM prepared by melting technology has fine appearance, and it has good integrated interface with the Ti alloy. Mo and Ti elements are gradually distributed in the inter.face of the gradient material. The microstructure close to the Ti alloy base metal is α ＋ β basket-waver grain, and the microstructure close to the GM is a single phase of β solid solution.

The new control system of HLS linac and transport line

The new linac and transport line control system of Hefei Light Source (HLS) is a distributed control sys- tem based on EPICS (Experimental Physics and Industrial Control System). Industrial PC (IPC) is widely used as not only Input/Output Controller (IOC) but also device controller. Besides industrial PC, PLC and microcontroller are also used as device controllers. The software for industrial PC based device controller is developed based on VxWorks real-time operating system. The software for PLC and microcontroller are written with ladder software package and assemble language, respectively. PC with Linux and SUN workstation with Solaris are used as operator interfaces (OPI). High level control is made up of some EPICS tools and Tcl/Tk scripts.

The development of data acquisition and control system for extraction power supply of prototype RF ion source

A 16 kV/20 A power supply was developed for the extraction grid of prototype radio frequency（RF） ion source of neutral beam injector. To acquire the state signals of extraction grid power supply（EGPS） and control the operation of the EGPS, a data acquisition and control system has been developed. This system mainly consists of interlock protection circuit board, photoelectric conversion circuit, optical fibers, industrial compact peripheral component interconnect（CPCI） computer and host computer. The human machine interface of host computer delivers commands and data to program of the CPCI computer, as well as offers a convenient client for setting parameters and displaying EGPS status. The CPCI computer acquires the status of the power supply. The system can turn-off the EGPS quickly when the faults of EGPS occur. The system has been applied to the EGPS of prototype RF ion source. Test results show that the data acquisition and control system for the EGPS can meet the requirements of the operation of prototype RF ion source.

Spectral Analysis and Variable Structural Control of an Elastic Beam

An elastic beam system formulated by partial differential equations with initial and boundary conditions is investigated in this paper. An evolution equation corresponding with the beam system is established in an appropriate Hilbert space. The spectral analysis and semigroup generation of the system operator of the beam system are discussed. Finally, a variable structural control is proposed and a significant result that the solution of the system is exponentially stable under a variable structural control with some appropriate conditions is obtained.

基于Arduino的SMA丝材智能修复损伤钢筋混凝土梁试验研究

为修复钢筋混凝土梁在使用阶段中由于材料老化、裂缝开展等原因造成的损伤,提出一种基于Arduino智能平台和形状记忆合金(Shape Memory Alloy,SMA,具有形状记忆效应和超弹性特性)的智能修复控制系统,根据挠度及裂缝控制原理,设计智能修复控制装置。该装置由输入模块、处理模块和输出模块组成,当检测到钢筋应变超过限值时,输出模块升高SMA丝材温度对梁体进行修复。为验证该智能修复装置的修复性能,设计对比梁A(无修复装置)与试验梁B(加装智能修复控制装置),在加载过程中对试验梁B进行3次修复,对2根梁的跨中挠度、钢筋应变及裂缝宽度等进行对比分析。结果表明:破坏时试验梁B的跨中挠度、裂缝宽度均小于对比梁A,并且在3次修复中试验梁B的跨中挠度、裂缝宽度和钢筋应变最大回复率分别为31.0%、47.0%和71.5%。说明该智能修复控制装置可以监测试验梁受损情况并激发SMA材料对试验梁实施修复,实现钢筋混凝土梁的智能修复。

中能段电子束离子阱真空控制系统研制

电子束离子阱(Electron Beam Ion Trap,EBIT)是一种用于研究高电离态离子物理过程的实验装置。中能段紧凑型EBIT实验平台能够产生30 keV的电子束能量,电子束流达到20 mA,对于研究未来聚变堆杂质离子输运行为研究具有重要意义。为了产生单一高电荷态离子,中能段EBIT装置阱区需要工作在超高真空(10−8 Pa)环境下。低温超导磁体需工作在10^(−5)Pa真空环境下以维持超导状态,因此真空度直接影响着中能段EBIT的工作性能,有必要研制一套稳定高效的真空控制系统以提升中能段EBIT装置稳定性与可靠性。文章基于RS485总线结构和Python编程语言开发了一套中能段EBIT真空控制系统,实现了对中能段EBIT真空系统的远程控制、数据采集和系统联锁保护。可为中能段EBIT装置提供稳定可靠的超高真空的实验环境,对中能段EBIT装置的稳态运行具有重要意义。

基于100 MeV强流质子回旋加速器生产放射性同位素的束流筛选装置

在进行放射性同位素生产实验时,有时需要100 MeV强流质子回旋加速器引出单圈束流来满足实验要求。目前100 MeV强流质子回旋加速器束流引出时存在严重圈重叠问题,因此需要设计一款束流筛选装置对引出束流品质进行改善以满足实验要求。该束流筛选装置具有基于100 MeV强流质子回旋加速器的框架结构与狭缝运动系统,以及基于PLC设计的控制系统控制步进电机并利用电子尺和按偏差的比例P、积分I和积分D(PID)控制的算法实现闭环控制。经过多次运行调试,机械装置的运动精度在±0.2 mm,且在加速器运行过程中可以实现对束流的筛选。

基于复合控制策略的激光光束指向控制系统研究

激光光束指向控制系统是通过对激光光束偏转执行机构的控制,实现激光光束稳定指向目标的系统.当激光光束指向控制系统被应用于恶劣环境时,应考虑环境对系统造成的不利影响,消除激光光束的指向误差.激光光束指向控制系统采用了基于比例-微分-积分(PID)控制器和滑模控制器的控制策略,用于提高其动态和静态性能.最后,将PID控制器和滑模控制器在不同状态下的优势相结合,提出了复合控制策略.通过实验对比分析,复合控制策略比单一控制策略具有更好的控制性能,可以满足不同工况下的激光光束指向作业.

梁场仓储装备智能集群控制系统中运梁车调度研究

梁场仓储装备智能集群控制系统的开发目标在于实现节段梁自预制台座到出运码头场内全过程流程的智能化与自动化作业,以某高速改扩建工程为依托,该项目为国内首次采用高速公路立体复合改扩建模式。文章针对运梁车仓储系统存在多台运梁车同时运梁易造成冲突卡死等问题,采用Hopcroft-Tarjan算法对存梁区制定路径定向策略,以最小运梁时间为目标构建出入库运梁调度模型,并设计混合遗传算法(IH-GA)对该模型进行求解,结果表明,改进后的混合遗传算法具有更高的收敛速度和优化效率,可以有效地减少运梁作业所需的时间,并增强运梁调度的效率。

一端固定带阻尼项的Timoshenko梁的精确能控性

考虑由两个偏微分方程和两个常微分方程控制的一维系统.系统一端固定在刚性天线上,另一端是完全自由的.由于刚性天线连接在系统的一侧,其动力学导致了非标准的边界条件,整个系统成为一个弹性混合系统.利用半群方法研究了系统解的存在唯一性.通过只对系统的一侧施加控制,建立了精确能控性理论.使用希尔伯特唯一性方法,证明了系统在通常能量空间中任意短时间内是精确可控的.

一种多平面组合相控阵天线波束控制实现方法

针对类似网格化球顶相控阵体制雷达波束控制系统,本文提出了一种对于多阵面雷达波束控制的实现方法。该方法采用集中运算、区域管理、总线传输等方案,实现雷达阵面的波束指向控制。本文阐述了多平面阵组合相控阵雷达波束控制系统的工作特点,提出了利用不同工作模式码组合的一种区域管理、集中运算的优化方案,介绍了该波束控制系统设计原理、功能组成和时序关系内容。该方案具有控制灵活、响应快、硬件简单、成本低廉和易于工程实现等特点,能够满足多平面相控阵体制雷达对波束控制的要求。

Real-time Design Constraints in Implementing Active Vibration Control Algorithms

Although computer architectures incorporate fast processing hardware resources, high performance real-time implementation of a complex control algorithm requires an efficient design and software coding of the algorithm so as to exploit special features of the hardware and avoid associated architecture shortcomings. This paper presents an investigation into the analysis and design mechanisms that will lead to reduction in the execution time in implementing real-time control algorithms. The proposed mechanisms are exemplified by means of one algorithm, which demonstrates their applicability to real-time applications. An active vibration control （AVC） algorithm for a flexible beam system simulated using the finite difference （FD） method is considered to demonstrate the effectiveness of the proposed methods. A comparative performance evaluation of the proposed design mechanisms is presented and discussed through a set of experiments.