Conversion between solid and beam element solutions of finite element method based on meta-modeling theory:development and application to a ramp tunnel structure

In this study, a new method for conversion of solid finite element solution to beam finite element solution is developed based on the meta-modeling theory which constructs a model consistent with continuum mechanics. The proposed method is rigorous and efficient compared to a typical conversion method which merely computes surface integration of solid element nodal stresses to obtain cross-sectional forces. The meta-modeling theory ensures the rigorousness of proposed method by defining a proper distance between beam element and solid element solutions in a function space of continuum mechanics. Results of numerical verification test that is conducted with a simple cantilever beam are used to find the proper distance function for this conversion. Time history analysis of the main tunnel structure of a real ramp tunnel is considered as a numerical example for the proposed conversion method. It is shown that cross-sectional forces are readily computed for solid element solution of the main tunnel structure when it is converted to a beam element solution using the proposed method. Further, envelopes of resultant forces which are of primary importance for the purpose of design, are developed for a given ground motion at the end.

Effects of design parameters and tension on behavior of a coil using finite element analysis

During the thin strip coiling process, it is necessary to use a sleeve with a mandrel to prevent excessive deformation of the strip. Stress distribution in the sleeve and in the strip is an important factor that determines the quality of the coil. However, owing to the accumulation of high pressure, it is difficult to determine the stress distribution through experimentation. Thus, stress analysis of the strip coiling process was conducted. Finite element analysis was used to investigate the effects of the weight of the strip and the mandrel on the stress distribution and stress concentration near the starting point of the coil. The radial stress was predicted for a coil with a stacked thickness of 384 mm, which corresponds to a strip length of 1486 m, using the stress analysis model developed in a preceding research. A method was presented to reduce the weight and radial stress of a strip coil. It was found that the deformation of the sleeve can be reduced by decreasing the gap between the mandrel segments. The thickness of the sleeve can be reduced from 120 to 106 mm using the stress analysis results. Furthermore, coiling tension can be reduced by 44% compared to the existing value considering the interlayer slip of the strip coil.

A New Non-uniform Beam Element and Its Application to Buckling Analysis for Framed Structures

The non-uniform beam components are commonly used in engineering,while the method to analyze such component is not too satisfactory yet. A new non-uniform beam element with high precision was developed based on the non-linear analysis and the static condensation. Based on the interpolation theory, the displacement fields of the three-node non-uniform Euler-Bernoulli beam element were constructed at first: the quintic Hermite interpolation polynomial was used for the lateral displacement field and the quadratic Lagrange interpolation polynomial for the axial displacement field. Then,based on the basic assumptions of non-uniform Euler-Bernoulli beam whose section properties were continuously varying along its centroidal axis, the linear and geometric stiffness matrices of the three-node non-uniform beam element were derived according to the nonlinear finite element theory. Finally,the degrees of freedom ( DOFs) of the middle node of the element were eliminated using the static condensation method, and a new two-node non-uniform beam element including axial-force effect was obtained. The results indicate that each bar needs to be meshed with only one element could get a fairly accurate solution when it is applied to the stability analyses.

Pseudo-beam method for compressive buckling characteristics analysis of space inflatable load-carrying structures

This paper extends Le van＇s work to the case of nonlinear problem and the complicated configuration. The wrinkling stress distribution and the pressure effects are also included in our analysis. Pseudo-beam method is presented based on the inflatable beam theory to model the inflatable structures as a set of inflatable beam elements with a prestressed state. In this method, the discretized nonlinear equations are given based upon the virtual work principle with a 3-node Timoshenko＇s beam model. Finite element simulation is performed by using a 3-node BEAM189 element incorporating ANSYS nonlinear program. The pressure effect is equivalent included in our method by modifying beam element cross-section parameters related to pressure. A benchmark example, the bending case of an inflatable cantilever beam, is performed to verify the accuracy of our proposed method. The comparisons reveal that the numerical results obtained with our method are close to open published analytical and membrane finite element results. The method is then used to evaluate the whole buckling and the loadcarrying characteristics of an inflatable support frame subjected to a compression force. The wrinkling stress and region characteristics are also shown in the end. This method gives better convergence characteristics, and requires much less computation time. It is very effective to deal with the whole load-carrying ability analytical problems for large scale inflatable structures with complex configuration.

Conjugate Gradient Method to Solve Fluid Structure Interaction Problem

In this paper, we propose a method to solve coupled problem. Our computational method is mainly based on conjugate gradient algorithm. We use finite difference method for the structure and finite element method for the fluid. Conjugate gradient method gives suitable numerical results according to some papers.

涉水高墩现浇箱梁支撑体系的承载能力分析和方案优化

混凝土现浇梁支架虽然属于临时结构,但仍具有承载功能,而且随着桥梁工程的发展,高大支架的受力也越来越复杂,传统的结构力学手算方法已无法全面反映和权衡特殊体型、特殊部位和特殊工况的受力情况。为保证工程的顺利开展,需采用数值方法进行整体承载力计算和方案设计。该文采用Midas/Civil有限元软件,从强度、刚度、稳定性和经济性(用钢量)等方面综合评价满堂支撑、梁式支撑体系的安全性能和通用性。结果表明:(1)满堂支撑虽然施工简单,用钢量小,下部支撑杆系较多,受力均匀,变形小,最大挠度仅为2.82 mm,但是强度和稳定性不及梁式支撑,对场地要求还高。当应用于高大桥梁时,需整体进行屈曲分析,谨防结构失稳破坏;(2)梁式支撑虽然不会发生强度和失稳性破坏,对场地和地基基本没有要求。但是其用钢量高、施工难度也大,并且因跨中缺乏竖向支撑,变形有所增加。因此,在应用于“预拱度”要求较高的复杂桥梁工程中时,需进行找形分析;(3)在力学指标均达标的前提下,可以适当调整贝雷梁横向净距或下弦杆加强等措施,以获取经济性。以该文案例工程为例,贝雷梁净距由80 cm调整到100cm,可以节省约10%的用钢量。

大跨度钢屋盖轮辐式索桁架结构施工方法与数值模拟

轮辐式张拉结构通过张拉柔性拉索形成刚度,抵抗结构所承受的外荷载。为保证柔性结构张拉成型全过程安全可靠、张拉完成后满足设计要求,对施工过程各阶段进行数值模拟和计算分析,确定合理的施工方案。采用有限元软件ANSYS建立济南市黄河体育中心钢屋盖轮辐式索桁架整体分析模型;通过等效降温法对轮辐式拉索施加预拉力,得到不同施工阶段整体结构力学响应;对索桁架结构展开形态分析,使索构件实际内力与设计拉力吻合。研究表明,采用等效降温法可实现对大跨度钢屋盖轮辐式拉索预拉力的模拟,整体结构在各施工阶段的力学响应满足安全性要求。

高铁大跨双肢墩连续刚构桥减震系梁地震易损性分析

为了解地震作用下减震系梁对高铁大跨双肢墩连续刚构桥的减震效果,以某主跨180 m的山区高铁双肢墩连续刚构桥为背景,分别建立采用钢筋混凝土(RC)系梁、2种新型减震系梁(可屈服钢系梁与斜交筒式黏弹性阻尼器系梁)方案的全桥有限元模型,对比分析不同系梁方案下的结构损伤、桥面平顺性指标等。结果表明:2种新型减震系梁均不会在地震作用下出现负刚度,新型减震系梁方案较RC系梁方案能有效降低系梁和主墩的结构损伤概率,主墩最大压应变降低83.3%;但减震系梁对震后桥面平顺性指标无明显改善,需采用更具针对性的技术措施。

预应力张弦梁钢支撑系统力学性能分析

为明晰预应力张弦梁钢支撑系统的力学性能,应用MIDAS/GTS有限元分析软件对预应力张弦梁钢支撑系统及周围土体进行三维模型仿真模拟;获得围护结构位移、基坑变形、预应力张弦梁钢支撑系统变形特性和内力变化规律,并与施工现场的监测数据进行对比分析。研究表明,基坑位移的数值仿真结果与现场监测数据基本吻合。在不同工况下,围护结构的垂直位移沿着垂直范围变化较小,靠近基坑角隅部分受到两个方向的约束作用,围护结构位移较大的区域集中在基坑长边中部区域。随着开挖深度增加,基坑附近沉降分布表现为抛物线形,沉降最大值发生在基坑长边,且距离基坑长边越远沉降值越小。预应力张弦梁钢支撑系统受力均匀,布置合理,钢对撑与钢角撑能够较好的承受水平土压力,张弦梁结构可以提升围护结构,保证基坑工程的安全。

钢与混凝土组合弯梁桥不同施工方法对结构内力的影响

随着经济和交通建设的发展,组合弯梁桥逐渐成为城市桥梁建设中的优选桥型。组合弯梁桥与直桥的受力特点不同,不同的施工方法涉及不同的体系转换问题,因此施工方法的选择会对结构的力学性能产生影响。基于组合弯梁桥的三种施工方法——先简支后连续、先支点后跨中和满堂支架施工,通过有限元软件模拟不同施工方法的施工过程,研究了不同施工方法对组合弯梁桥结构力学性能的影响,针对预制组合弯梁桥提出合理主梁、横梁施工方法,对组合弯梁桥从结构受力角度选择合理的主梁施工方法具有指导意义。

基于整体节点理念的钢盖梁与混凝土墩柱连接结构优化设计

针对传统钢盖梁设置套筒外包混凝土墩柱方案墩梁连接位置刚度突变、应力集中及施工定位精度要求高的问题,基于梁柱整体节点理念,以门式框架墩为例,提出一种钢盖梁与钢套筒连接结构优化方案。该方案将连接位置处钢盖梁和钢套筒腹板设计为整体节点板,钢盖梁和钢套筒翼缘板加劲肋一一对应,并将现场接头设置在钢盖梁侧。以某公路工程匝道桥为背景,采用有限元软件分析其门式框架墩采用传统方案与优化方案的受力性能,并将优化方案应用于实桥。结果表明:该优化方案传力顺畅,结构应力集中程度较低,构造合理;该优化方案施工较为简单,容错性更好,具有良好的推广应用前景。

关于液压支架掩护梁结构的优化设计研究

利用SolidWorks和ANSYS软件构建了ZY13000型液压支架的有限元模型,对掩护梁结构承受冲击载荷时的受力情况进行仿真分析。结果发现,掩护梁结构承受的应力非常不均匀,最大应力达到了674.3 MPa,几乎接近材料的屈服强度690 MPa,存在一定风险。从掩护梁整体箱型结构和千斤顶耳座结构两个方面进行优化设计,再次对优化后的掩护梁结构进行受力分析,发现最大应力降低至446.1 MPa,降低的幅度为33.84%。将优化后的掩护梁结构应用到液压支架工程实践中,经过6个月时间的现场测试,发现整体运行良好,使用寿命可延长20%左右。

Thermal and Structural Behaviour of Offshore Structures with Passive Fire Protection

In offshore structures,hydrocarbon fires cause the structure to loose its rigidity rapidly and this leads to structural integrity and stability problems.The Passive Fire Protection(PFP)system slows the transfer rate of fire heat and helps to prevent the collapse of structures and human losses.The vital design factors are decided in the detailed design stage.The determined design thickness must be accurately applied in the fabrication yard.However,there are many cases that the PFP is overused because of various reasons.This excessive application of the PFP is an unavoidable problem.Several studies have been conducted on the efficient application and optimal design of the PFP.However,the strength of the PFP has not been considered.In addition,research studies on the correlation between the thickness of the PFP and the structural behaviour are not widely available.Therefore,this study attempts to analyse the thermal and mechanical effects of the PFP on the structure when it is applied to the structural member.In particular,it is intended to determine the change in the behaviour of the structural member as the thickness of the PFP increases.

Inverse Problems for an Euler-Bernoulli Beam: Identification of Bending Rigidity and External Loads

We present a method for identifying the flexural rigidity and external loads acting on a beam using the finite-element method. We used mixed beam elements possessing transverse deflection and the bending moment as the primary degrees of freedom. The first step is to determine the bending moment from the transverse deflection and boundary conditions. The second step is to substitute the bending moment into the final equations with respect to the unknown parameters (flexural rigidity or external load). The final step solves the resulting system of equations. We apply this method to some inverse beam problems and provide an accurate estimation. Several numerical examples are performed and show that present method gives excellent results for identifying bending stiffness and distributed load of beam.

基于应变的几何非线性梁建模与分析

柔性机翼在气动载荷作用下产生较大变形,几何非线性因素不容忽视。利用机翼柔性特点,通常采用梁模型进行结构建模。从几何精确梁理论出发,结合Hamilton原理推导了几何非线性梁的动力学平衡方程。不同于经典的位移基有限元,采用梁广义应变作为插值变量,得到广义质量阵、广义阻尼阵、刚度阵及载荷列向量,建立非线性应变梁模型。结合Newmark数值算法和牛顿-拉夫森(Newdon-Raphson)迭代法建立了动力学方程求解算法。针对典型算例,开展静、动力学分析,并分别与有限元软件的仿真结果进行对比。结果表明:在相当计算精度下,所建模型收敛特性更好。为进一步验证所建模型在工程实际应用中的精度和有效性,开展针对典型大展弦比机翼的地面静力试验。试验表明:仿真结果与激光位移计和光纤传感设备测得的变形值具有较高的一致性,验证了所建模型具有较高精度。

张弦结构索力测试方法与工程试验研究

在索振动频率和索力计算理论研究的基础上,提出针对短粗索和多跨索的多阶频率索力测试方法。多阶频率法有两种算法,一种基于优化算法,一种基于有限元法。基于优化算法的多阶频率法,通过实测不少于未知参数个数的多阶频率,对建立的考虑弯曲刚度的振动频率超越方程进行优化求解,可以确定任意弹性边界条件拉索的索力。基于有限元法的多阶频率法,通过建立多跨索振动模型,利用计算表格代替优化算法操作选择最接近真实值的索力,可以对复杂索结构进行分析。通过黄河口模型试验厅和农业展览馆两个实际工程,分别对基于优化算法和基于有限元法的多阶频率法的适用性进行验证。结果表明,提出的多阶频率法可以将索力偏差控制在10%以内,满足工程应用的精度要求,可以为张弦结构索力测试和施工技术研究提供技术支撑和参考。

周期性管柱信道声传输特性的有限元仿真分析

在石油钻井过程中,井下信息的获取与实时传输对准确评价地层、油藏描述及开发等过程具有重要的意义。井下声波传输方式是井下信息传输的主要方法之一,其利用井下固有的管柱信道作为信息传输的载体,具有传输速率高和适应性好的优点。以有限元方法为基础,利用有限元仿真软件COMSOL建立二维轴对称管柱模型。对周期性管柱信道的声波传输特性(时域和频域)进行分析,研究套管与接箍交界处声阻抗突变、钻井液黏滞阻尼损耗和管柱结构阻尼损耗对声波传输特性的影响规律。结果表明:有限元方法可以获得通阻带交替的梳状滤波器频谱结构;钻井液的黏滞耦合会降低声波信号的能量,且随着声波频率变高,通带内幅值衰减变大;管柱结构阻尼会使得通带内的能量随着声波传输距离增加而降低。开展了周期性管柱信道的声波传输特性现场测试实验,验证了仿真结果具有较高的准确性,可以为声波遥传系统的设计开发奠定基础。

混凝土受拉边倾斜变截面梁受剪承载力数值分析

为研究混凝土受拉边倾斜变截面梁在集中荷载下的抗剪性能,首先,根据目前主流混凝土等截面梁受剪承载力模型,归纳了中国建筑科学研究院有限公司和Gulsan的试验中变截面梁临界斜裂缝的特点;其次,为克服有限元程序在模拟裂缝上的不足,建立了受拉边倾斜变截面梁的预设斜裂缝有限元模型,并对变截面梁的受剪破坏过程进行了模拟分析;然后,通过分析在极限荷载时临界截面上的应力状态规律,提出了受剪承载力模型假定,采用临界截面上的受压区混凝土剪压破坏准则,建立了受剪承载力计算方法;最后,收集了国内外40根变截面梁受剪试验数据,与本文方法、我国规范方法、Gulsan方法的预测值进行了统计分析.结果表明本文方法的计算精度更高,可为工程实践和规范修订提供参考.

采用自平衡预应力中空管的混凝土梁预应力传递长度研究

针对传统短束预应力筋存在的问题,提出一种主要由中空管和穿过中空管的反力钢棒等组成的自平衡预应力中空管构造。为了解采用自平衡预应力中空管的混凝土梁的传力特性,采用有限元与试验相结合的方法分析锚垫板设置情况、混凝土强度、中空管尺寸、有效预应力对中空管预应力传递长度的影响,提出中空管预应力传递长度简化计算公式。结果表明:自平衡预应力中空管可作为有锚垫板的先张预应力钢筋传递预应力;预应力传递长度与中空管尺寸、有效预应力近似成正比,与混凝土抗拉强度近似成反比;现有国内外规范均不适用于中空管预应力传递长度的计算,所提出的简化计算公式计算的中空管预应力传递长度与实测值吻合良好;实桥应用结果显示采用自平衡预应力中空管的混凝土梁预应力传递特性和试验结果相符,预应力传递可靠。

随机风荷载作用下耐张串金具的力学性能仿真分析

随着高压输电线路长度和运行年限的增加,极端天气的频繁发生导致线路在大风荷载作用下发生金具破坏的可能性增大。采用谐波叠加法模拟了沿线路方向多点随机风速时程曲线,基于准定常假设将风速转换为风荷载,得到了随机风作用下导线的位移和张力。在此基础上研究了档距、高差等参数变化对导线张力的影响。建立耐张串金具的精细化有限元模型,模拟耐张串各金具的相互运动。将计算得到的导线张力施加到耐张串有限元模型上,得到最不利工况下的金具应力分布情况。仿真结果表明,耐张串金具最容易发生破坏的金具为U形挂环,在其接触区域容易发生磨损。其次,直角挂板和梯形联板在左、右挂点表现出了不同的安全性,高悬挂点处更容易发生破坏。此外绝缘子串球头部位的应力较大,在受到极端荷载作用时容易断裂。