Dynamic Response Impact of Vehicle Braking on Simply Supported Beam Bridges with Corrugated Steel Webs Based on Vehicle-Bridge Coupled Vibration Analysis

A novel approach for analyzing coupled vibrations between vehicles and bridges is presented,taking into account spatiotemporal effects and mechanical phenomena resulting fromvehicle braking.Efficient modeling and solution of bridge vibrations induced by vehicle deceleration are realized using this method.The method’s validity and reliability are substantiated through numerical examples.A simply supported beam bridge with a corrugated steel web is taken as an example and the effects of parameters such as the initial vehicle speed,braking acceleration,braking location,and road surface roughness on the mid-span displacement and impact factor of the bridge are analyzed.The results show that vehicle braking significantly amplifies mid-span displacement and impact factor responses in comparison to uniform vehicular motion across the bridge.Notably,the influence of wheelto-bridge friction forces is of particular significance and cannot be overlooked.When the vehicle initiates braking near the middle of the span,both the mid-span displacement and impact factor of the bridge exhibit substantial increases,further escalating with higher braking acceleration.Under favorable road surface conditions,the midspan displacement and the impact factor during vehicle braking may exceed the design values stipulated by codes.It is important to note that road surface roughness exerts a more pronounced effect on the impact factor of the bridge in comparison to the effects of vehicle braking.

Experimental and Numerical Investigation on the Aerodynamic Characteristics of High-Speed Pantographs with Supporting Beam Wind Deflectors

Aiming to mitigate the aerodynamic lift force imbalance between pantograph strips,which exacerbates wear and affects the current collection performance of the pantograph-catenary system,a study has been conducted to support the beam deflector optimization using a combination of experimental measurements and computational fluid dynamics(CFD)simulations.The results demonstrate that the size,position,and installation orientation of the wind deflectors significantly influence the amount of force compensation.They also indicate that the front strip deflectors should be installed downwards and the rear strip deflectors upwards,thereby forming a“π”shape.Moreover,the lift force compensation provided by the wind deflectors increases with the size of the deflector.Alternative wind compensation strategies,such as control circuits,are also discussed,putting emphasis on the pros and cons of various pantograph types and wind compensation approaches.

Effect of temperature difference load of 32 m simply supported box beam bridge on track vertical irregularity

In order to study the effect of temperature difference load （TDL） along the vertical direction of a simply supported beam bridge section on the vertical irregularity, a rail-bridge-piers calculation model was established. Taking 32 m simply supported box beam bridge which is widely used in the construction of pas- senger dedicated line in China as an example, influences of the temperature variation between the bottom and top of the bridge, temperature curve index, type of temperature gradient, and beam height on track vertical irregularity were analyzed with the model. The results show that TDL has more effects on long wave track irregularity than on short one, and the wavelength mainly affected is approxi- mately equal to the beam span. The amplitude of irregu- larity caused by TDL is largely affected by the temperature variation, temperature curve index, and type of temperature gradient, so it is necessary to monitor the temperaturedistribution of bridges in different regions to provide accurate calculation parameters. In order to avoid the irregularity exceeding the limit values, the height of 32, 48, and 64 m simply supported box beam bridges must not be less than 2.15, 3.2, and 4.05 m, respectively.

Buckling of stepped beams with elastic supports

The tangent stiffness matrix of Timoshenko beam element is applied in the buckling of multi-step beams under several concentrated axial forces with elastic supports. From the governing differential equation of lateral deflection including second-order effects,the relationship of force versus displacement is established. In the formulation of finite element method (FEM),the stiffness matrix developed has the same accuracy with the solution of exact differential equations. The proposed tangent stiffness matrix will degenerate into the Bernoulli-Euler beam without the effects of shear deformation. The critical buckling force can be determined from the determinant element assemblage by FEM. The equivalent stiffness matrix constructed by the topmost deflection and slope is established by static condensation method,and then a recurrence formula is proposed. The validity and efficiency of the proposed method are shown by solving various numerical examples found in the literature.

ANALYTICAL SOLUTION OF A SIMPLY SUPPORTED PIEZOELECTRIC BEAM SUBJECTED TO A UNIFORMLY DISTRIBUTED LOADING

Using the inverse method, the analytical solution of a simply supported piezoelectric beam subjected to a uniformly distributed loading has been studied.First,the polynomials of stress function and induction function are given.Then, considering the gradient properties of the elastic parameter and the potential funciton as well as the piezoelectric parameter,the analytical solution of a simply supported beam subjected to a uniformly distributed loading is obtained and discussed.

STABILITY AND LOCAL BIFURCATION IN A SIMPLY-SUPPORTED BEAM CARRYING A MOVING MASS

The stability and local bifurcation of a simply-supported flexible beam （Bernoulli- Euler type） carrying a moving mass and subjected to harmonic axial excitation are investigated. In the theoretical analysis, the partial differential equation of motion with the fifth-order nonlinear term is solved using the method of multiple scales （a perturbation technique）. The stability and local bifurcation of the beam are analyzed for 1/2 sub harmonic resonance. The results show that some of the parameters, especially the velocity of moving mass and external excitation, affect the local bifurcation significantly. Therefore, these parameters play important roles in the system stability.

Finite Element Modeling of Stability of Beam-Column Supports for Field Fabricated Spherical Storage Pressure Vessels

Spherical pressure vessels in large sizes are generally supported on legs or columns evenly spaced around the circumference. The legs are attached at or near the equator of the sphere. This research work focussed on flexural-torsional buckling of beam-column supports of field fabricated spherical pressure vessels using finite element analysis. Flexuraltorsional buckling is an important limit state that must be considered in structural steel design and it occurs when a structural member experiences significant out-of-plane bending and twisting. This research has therefore considered the total potential energy equation for the flexural-torsional buckling of a beam-column element. The energy equation was formulated by summing the strain energy and the potential energy of the external loads. The finite element method was applied in conjunction with the energy method to analyze the flexural-torsional buckling of beam-column supports. To apply the finite element method, the displacement functions are assumed to be cubic polynomials, and the shape functions used to derive the element stiffness and element geometric stiffness matrices. The element stiffness and geometric stiffness matrices were assembled to obtain the global stiffness matrices of the structure. The final finite element equation obtained was in the form of an eigenvalue problem. The flexural-torsional buckling loads of the structure were determined by solving for the eigenvalue of the equation. The resulting eigenvalue equation from the finite element analysis was coded using FORTRAN 90 programming language to aid in the analysis process. To validate FORTRAN 90 coding developed for the finite element analysis and the methodology, the results given by the software were compared to existing solutions and showed no significant difference P > 0.05.

涉水高墩现浇箱梁支撑体系的承载能力分析和方案优化

混凝土现浇梁支架虽然属于临时结构,但仍具有承载功能,而且随着桥梁工程的发展,高大支架的受力也越来越复杂,传统的结构力学手算方法已无法全面反映和权衡特殊体型、特殊部位和特殊工况的受力情况。为保证工程的顺利开展,需采用数值方法进行整体承载力计算和方案设计。该文采用Midas/Civil有限元软件,从强度、刚度、稳定性和经济性(用钢量)等方面综合评价满堂支撑、梁式支撑体系的安全性能和通用性。结果表明:(1)满堂支撑虽然施工简单,用钢量小,下部支撑杆系较多,受力均匀,变形小,最大挠度仅为2.82 mm,但是强度和稳定性不及梁式支撑,对场地要求还高。当应用于高大桥梁时,需整体进行屈曲分析,谨防结构失稳破坏;(2)梁式支撑虽然不会发生强度和失稳性破坏,对场地和地基基本没有要求。但是其用钢量高、施工难度也大,并且因跨中缺乏竖向支撑,变形有所增加。因此,在应用于“预拱度”要求较高的复杂桥梁工程中时,需进行找形分析;(3)在力学指标均达标的前提下,可以适当调整贝雷梁横向净距或下弦杆加强等措施,以获取经济性。以该文案例工程为例,贝雷梁净距由80 cm调整到100cm,可以节省约10%的用钢量。

弹性环梁支撑下圆形深基坑支护结构变形解析解

将环梁和支护结构分别视为弹性圆环和弹性圆柱薄壳,基于环梁和圆柱壳的变形协调,得到了具有任意数目弹性环梁支撑圆形深基坑支护结构变形的解析解.在验证解析解合理性和可靠性的基础上,针对某一实际圆形基坑工程,比较了在刚性和弹性环梁支撑下支护结构变形和内力的差异,并分析了支护结构底部边界条件、环梁弹性模量、尺寸和数量以及位置等参数对支护结构变形和内力分布的影响.研究结果表明:相对于刚性环梁支撑,弹性环梁支撑处内力变化较小,环梁弹性模量和尺寸的改变只对基坑挖掘面以上支护结构变形和内力影响显著,而对挖掘面以下的支护结构变形和内力几乎没有影响.该研究成果为圆形基坑支护结构设计提供了理论依据和指导.

基于主线不停运的城轨支线独立运营改造方案

研究目的:针对大型铁路枢纽接入已运营轨道交通线路引起的既有线改造问题,为满足铁路枢纽与轨道交通连接线(支线)施工期间主线正常运营不受影响,对改造涉及的运营组织与接轨方案进行系统研究,并对土建、轨道、接触网、环网与动照、信号、综合监控与通信系统等的改造及影响进行深入研究,在统筹考虑实施难度、投资与工期的基础上,提出实施风险最小、技术最合理的改造方案。研究结论:(1)既有高架车站与区间改造影响范围较小且相对可控,可以实现主线正常运营情况下新建独立运营支线工程;(2)为最大程度保障主线运营不受影响,在现有技术水平条件下,应尽量避免在运营天窗期进行各类信号光电缆的割接;(3)支线独立运营方案,应尽量采取措施将新建支线与主线相连、轨道相通,以利于车辆检修与维保,并增加运营的灵活性;(4)桥梁浇筑与平移施工临近既有线,实施阶段应进一步完善工艺衔接与交叉施工统筹,增加既有线安全保障;(5)本研究结论可为类似工程提供参考。

端钩型钢纤维混凝土简支梁受弯承载力试验

为改善普通钢筋混凝土梁自重大、易开裂、承载力低等缺点,在混凝土中常加入钢纤维,端钩型钢纤维,作为常见的一种高性能钢纤维得到广泛关注,中外学者针对端钩型钢纤维混凝土的基本力学性能开展了较多研究,而对端钩型钢纤维混凝土受弯构件的正截面受力性能有待深入研究。为研究端钩型钢纤维混凝土简支梁受弯性能,制作4根端钩型钢纤维混凝土梁及1根普通混凝土梁,对其进行受弯性能试验,根据试验得到的破坏形态、承载力、荷载-挠度曲线、荷载-应变曲线,分析端钩型钢纤维体积掺量对试件受弯承载力及破坏形态的影响。结果表明:端钩型钢纤维混凝土简支梁与一般混凝土简支梁受弯过程类似,均经历了弹性、开裂、带裂缝工作、破坏4个阶段;端钩型钢纤维混凝土简支梁与一般混凝土简支梁受弯过程均基本符合“平截面假定”;端钩型钢纤维限制了裂缝的产生和发展,使得纤维混凝土梁变形能力增强;与一般混凝土梁相比,端钩型钢纤维混凝土梁抗裂性及极限承载力得到提高,且构件承载力与钢纤维体积掺量基本呈现正相关;基于试验数据,对现行规范中开裂弯矩及极限承载力计算公式进行优化,开裂弯矩方面考虑对截面抵抗矩塑性影响系数进行修正,极限承载力方面引入纤维混凝土正截面承载力影响系数ζ,经修正计算值可较好吻合试验值。

基于桥梁响应的高速铁路简支梁离心力折减方法

为分析规范离心力计算公式中竖向活载折减系数的理论来源,建立列车-曲线桥-墩系统的空间模型进行车桥耦合振动仿真计算。提出以桥梁动力响应与设计离心力产生的静力响应之比作为竖向活载折减系数的方法,结合反向传播神经网络分析列车车速、桥梁墩高、跨度、曲线半径等因素对折减系数的影响程度。结果表明:车速对折减系数的影响最大,其次为桥梁跨度;竖向活载折减系数反映了列车荷载图式中设计活载与运营列车轴重的差异,折减系数应与列车荷载图式、实际运营列车相匹配;现行规范中竖向活载折减系数公式对中国高速铁路ZK荷载具有良好的适配性,能满足高速铁路简支梁离心力设计的要求。

钢-混凝土组合简支桥面连续结构横向应力分析

针对钢-混组合简支梁桥的桥面连续结构开裂等病害,围绕桥面连接板的横桥向应力问题,采用线弹性理论和板的偏微分方程进行分析,得出了桥面连接板挠度和应力的分布函数,建立非线性有限元模型,并进行实桥荷载试验.通过比较理论解、有限元解和实测试验结果,证实了理论解和有限元的有效性.根据得到的分布函数,发现横桥向和纵桥向上的最大拉应力出现在钢梁端部位置的连接板的上缘.此外,还分析了连接板区域尺寸变化对横桥向应力峰值的影响,包括纵梁端部距支座的长度、纵梁的间距以及连接板区域整体尺寸变化.结果表明:较小的纵梁间距和较长的纵梁端部与支撑之间的距离会导致连接板中的横向拉应力峰值增加,并提高横向拉应力在总应力中的占比,从而导致桥面连接板早于设计荷载开裂.因此对于纵梁间距较小、梁端长度较长的钢-混组合简支梁桥桥面连续结构,仅计算其纵桥向受力性能会导致计算结果偏危险,建议按照本文方法考虑横桥向应力对桥面连接板的影响.

桩撑式支护基坑通用弹性地基梁分析法

弹性地基梁法常用于模拟分析桩撑(锚)式支护基坑在开挖、设撑等施工工况中变形和受力的变化。目前利用该方法对某工况基坑分析时,首先要将整个支护桩在支撑处划分为若干个桩段,然后利用相邻桩段交界处的位移连续条件和受力平衡条件,推导出相应的待定参数方程,之后再利用求出的待定参数分析支护体系(基坑)的变形和受力。由于不同施工工况对应的支撑数和桩段数不同,因此该方法必须根据不同工况重新推导各自的参数方程,从而导致计算过程繁杂,难以形成通用计算公式和方法,也不易编程等问题。通过将支撑与桩段归纳为3种基本连接形式(即支撑分别相连于桩顶、相邻两桩段之间和坑底),本文建立了相邻两个桩段间待定参数的递推公式,进而推导出了适用于内支撑和锚索支撑形式、任意支撑道数、开挖或设撑工况的通用待定参数方程。该方程仅含4个参数,远少于现有方法且易于求解。文中算例结果验证了本文方法的合理性和可行性。

非线性曲面梁形态优化及恒压支撑装置设计

基于超前支护设备顶梁支撑结构研究一种恒压支撑装置的设计方法,恒压支撑装置由正刚度线性弹簧、负刚度非线性平面曲梁及承压气囊组合而成。通过对巷道顶板应力场分析,得到支撑结构的边界条件;利用B样条曲线简述负刚度非线性平面曲梁的特点;基于遗传算法与非线性有限元法对负刚度非线性平面曲梁进行形态优化设计;依据恒压支撑装置的工作原理,对线性螺旋弹簧刚度/强度特性进行分析与设计;对恒压支撑装置的零部组件进行设计,实现支撑装置输出压强大小恒定及自我保护功能。恒压支撑装置设计方法为综掘巷道超前支护研制提供了有力技术支撑。

带悬臂的张弦梁拉索-支座节点力学性能研究

为得到带悬臂的张弦梁拉索-支座复杂节点在不同工况下的力学性能变化规律,以及在设计荷载组合下的破坏模式,结合某大跨度张弦梁实际工程,通过建立多尺度有限元模型以及现场试验的方法研究了该节点在张拉过程中的应力、应变分布特征;通过局部节点有限元分析得到了节点的极限承载能力及破坏模式;并针对其受力特征对节点构造及壁厚进行优化。结果表明在施工及使用阶段,该节点应力均处于弹性范围内,满足力学性能要求;节点的破坏荷载约为设计荷载组合的3.2倍,破坏模式为耳板上拉索孔区域受拉破坏;优化后节点的应力分布更加均匀且合理,承载能力提高。

FE Dynamic Analysis Using Moving Support Element on Multi-Span Beams Subjected to Support Motions

In the present study, finite element dynamic analysis or time history analysis of two-span beams subjected to asynchronous multi-support motions is carried out by using the moving support finite element. The elemental equation of the element is based on total displacements and is derived under the concept of the quasi-static displacement decomposition. The use of moving support element shows that the element is very simple and convenient to represent continuous beam moving, deforming and vibrating simultaneously due to support motions. The comparison between the numerical results and analytical solutions indicates that the FE result agrees with the analytical solution.

弹性支承边界条件对桥梁共振与消振的影响机理分析

铁路桥梁服役过程中,因支座病害和冲刷等作用,桥梁端部约束常发生弱化。该文旨在理论解析边界支承条件及其变化对桥梁动力特性及共振与消振条件的影响机理。文章首先提出考虑左右支承刚度不等的弹性支承梁振型的简化表达,建立了移动连续荷载作用下弹性支承梁自由振动的理论闭合解;然后推导考虑左右支承刚度不等的桥梁共振与消振条件,理论解析桥梁-支承刚度比(刚度比)、左右支承刚度不等比(刚度不等比)的影响机理;最后通过数值模拟验证理论解的准确性,并参数化分析支承条件参数对桥梁动力特性及共振与消振条件的影响规律。研究结果表明:(1)弹性支撑梁的频率随弹性支承的刚度比和刚度不等比增大而减小;(2)弹性支承梁的共振与外部消振速度参数与简支梁一致,但共振与外部消振速度降低,更易激发共振与外部消振;(3)支承条件对桥梁内部消振条件影响大,当左右支承刚度相等时,存在唯一内部消振条件,否则不发生内部消振;(4)当桥梁支承弱化或者两侧刚度不等时,基于简支梁的最佳跨长对共振的消除效应将逐渐失效;(5)阻尼有利于抑制桥梁共振幅值,对外部消振存在微小的非零值“阻尼泄露效应”;(6)当两侧支承刚度不相等时,桥梁最大响应位置偏离桥梁跨中,需在桥梁检测时关注。

一种双简支―悬臂梁反共振隔振器设计分析与试验

[目的]为探究三元件型反共振隔振器的实现形式,提出一种由一根悬臂端含质量块的双简支-悬臂梁与一根双支撑梁所组成的机械装置(BAVI)。[方法]首先,分析双简支-悬臂梁的动态特性,推导其阻抗方程;然后,根据驱动点阻抗函数综合其低阶模型是单惯容与单弹簧二元件的串联结构,并解析低阶模型的等效参数;最后,通过装置试件设计与试验,验证其反共振特性和理论方法有效性,并在此基础上分析装置刚度特性及不同阻尼形式的效果。[结果]结果表明,当跨度比共振隔振器结构,具有“高静低动”刚度特性;在双简支-悬臂梁上采取阻尼措施后,可实现隔振区传递率以最大速率衰减的同时抑制共振峰的效果。[结论]所提机械装置证明了三元件型反共振隔振器的可实现性,提供了一种简易可行的工程结构。