Analytical Investigation into the Rotational Performance of Glulam Bolted Beam-Column Connections under Coupled Bending Moment and Shear Force

Considering the glulam beam-column connection form and the number of bolts,monotonic loading test and finite element analysis was carried out on 9 connection specimens in 3 groups to study the rotational performance and failure mode of the connection.The test results revealed that compared with U-shaped connectors,T-shaped connectors can effectively improve the ductility of connections,and the increase in the number of bolts can reduce the initial stiffness and ductility of connections.By theoretical analysis,formulas for calculating the initial stiffness and ultimate moment of connections were deduced.Subsequently,the moment-rotation theoretical model of connections was established based on the formulas,which were validated according to the test data and simulation results.The proposed model can not only improve the current theoretical system of heavy-duty glulam beam-column structure but also provide a theoretical basis for calculating the mechanical properties of the glulam beam-column connection.

Seismic performance of interior precast concrete beam-column connections with T-section steel inserts under cyclic loading

An experimental investigation was conducted to study the performance of precast beam-column concrete connections using T-section steel inserts into the concrete beam and joint core,under reversed cyclic loading.Six 2/3-scale interior beam-column subassemblies,one monolithic concrete specimen and five precast concrete specimens were tested.One precast specimen was a simple connection for a gravity load resistant design.Other precast specimens were developed with different attributes to improve their seismic performance.The test results showed that the performance of the monolithic specimen M1 represented ductile seismic behavior.Failure of columns and joints could be prevented,and the failure of the frame occurred at the flexural plastic hinge formation at the beam ends,close to the column faces.For the precast specimens,the splitting crack along the longitudinal lapped splice was a major failure.The precast P5 specimen with double steel T-section inserts showed better seismic performance compared to the other precast models.However,the dowel bars connected to the steel inserts were too short to develop a bond.The design of the precast concrete beams with lap splice is needed for longer lap lengths and should be done at the beam mid span or at the low flexural stress region.

Influence of the column-to-beam flexural strength ratio on the failure mode of beam-column connections in RC frames

The column-to-beam flexural strength ratio(CBFSR)has been used in many seismic codes to achieve the strong column-weak beam(SCWB)failure mode in reinforced concrete(RC)frames,in which plastic hinges appear earlier in beams than in columns.However,seismic investigations show that the required limit of CBFSR in seismic codes usually cannot achieve the SCWB failure mode under strong earthquakes.This study investigates the failure modes of RC frames with different CBFSRs.Nine typical three-story RC frame models with different CBFSRs are designed in accordance with Chinese seismic codes.The seismic responses and failure modes of the frames are investigated through time-history analyses using 100 ground motion records.The results show that the required limit of the CBFSR that guarantees the SCWB failure mode depends on the beam-column connection type and the seismic intensity,and different types of beam-column connections exhibit different failure modes even though they are designed with the same CBFSR.Recommended CBFSRs are proposed for achieving the designed SCWB failure mode for different types of connections in RC frames under different seismic intensities.These results may provide some reference for further revisions of the SCWB design criterion in Chinese seismic codes.

Experimental study on full-scale steel beam-to-column moment connections

Ten full-scale steel beam-to-column moment connections used in moment-resisting frames （MRFs） were tested to study the failure process, failure mode, strength and plastic rotation capacity. The specimens include one traditional welded flange-bolted web connection, one traditional fully welded connection, four beam flange strengthened connections, three beam flange weakened connections, and one through-diaphragm connection. The test results show that the connections with flange cover plates or with partly cut beam flanges satisfy the beam plastic rotation demand for ductile MRFs. From the measured stress profiles along the beam flange and beam web depth, the mechanics of brittle fracture at the end of the beam is discussed. Design recommendations for steel beam-to-column moment connections are proposed.

Evaluation of Stiffened End-Plate Moment Connection through Optimized Artificial Neural Network

This study involves the development of an analytical model for understanding the behavior of the extended, stiffened end-plate moment connections with eight high strength bolts. Modeling of the connection as an assemblage of finite elements (FE) used for load deformation analysis, with material, and contact nonlinearities are developed. Results from the FE mathematical model are verified with results from the ANSYS computer program as well as with the test results. Sensitivity and feasibility studies are carried out. Significant geometry and force related variables are introduced;and by varying the geometric variables of the connections within a practical range, a matrix of test cases is obtained. Maximum end-plate separation, maximum bending stresses in the end-plate, and the forces from the connection bolts for these test cases are obtained. From the FE analysis, a database is produced to collect results for the artificial neural network analysis. Finally, salient features of the optimized Artificial Neural Network (ANN) via Genetic Algorithm (GA) analysis are introduced and implemented with the aim of predicting the overall behavior of the connection.

Effect of weld on design of steel moment-resisting connection reinforced with steel plates

The foreign experimental and FEM research of steel moment-resisting connection reinforced with steel plates are introduced. The effect of weld on the connection design is studied in two ways including weld detail and geometrical detail of steel plates contrast to the reference drawing of connection design in China. The research shows that the weld plays an important role in the design of connections. The welds connecting reinforced plates and beam/column flange and the plate geometry have direct influence on the performance of the connections reinforced with plates. The study is helpful to the application of design of steel moment-resisting connection with steel plates.

Simplified seismic fatigue evaluation for rigid steel connections

A simplified fatigue-life model is proposed for assessing the seismic inelastic rotational capacity of steel connections.First relations are developed for rigid steel connections under lateral loading.Next this is extended to account for the effects of the welded steel moment frame(WSMF)connections of the so-called pre-Northridge type.The seismic fatigue theory is validated against experimental results.The experiments were conducted under increasing ductility amplitudes until the onset of fiacture.Miner'rule was used to convert the test results to given an equivalent constant amplitude cyclic fatigue life.Satisfactory agreement is obtained when comparing the experimental observations with the theoretical predictions.

The Simple Model for Bolted Connections in Fire

Recent structural collapses caused by fire have focused attention on research concerning fire safety in building design. Steel connections are an important component of any structural steel building as they provide links between the principal structural members. Considering the importance of this matter this paper describes a spring-stiffness model developed to predict the behavior of bolted angle connections bare-steel joints at elevated temperature. The joint components are considered as springs with predefined mechanical properties i.e. stiffness and strength. The elevated temperature joint’s response can be predicted by assem-bling the stiffness of the components which are assumed to degrade with increasing temperature based on the recommendations presented in the design parameters code. Comparison of the results from the model with existing experimental data showed good agreement. The proposed model can be easily modified to describe the elevated temperature behavior of other types of joint as well as joints under large rotations.

Ⅱ型截面双层组合梁摩擦型螺栓连接节点弯矩分配系数

为探究Ⅱ型截面双层组合梁摩擦型螺栓连接节点翼缘和腹板的弯矩比,通过对3种腹板螺栓布置形式的Ⅱ型截面双层组合梁连接节点接触面滑移特征和力学传递机理的分析,进行Ⅱ型截面组合梁螺栓连接节点弯矩分配系数研究。结果表明:组合梁摩擦型螺栓连接节点滑移和力学传力过程可分为翼缘外接触面未完全滑移和完全滑移以及翼缘内接触面完全滑移3个阶段;组合梁摩擦型螺栓连接节点接触面承担弯矩与无连接板截面弯矩之和等于该梁截面处的理论弯矩,腹板接触面承担的弯矩主要由其上的水平摩擦力承担;摩擦型螺栓连接节点接触面上的摩擦力随节点滑移而重新分配,腹板螺栓布置形式对连接节点弯矩分配系数影响明显;根据推出的组合梁摩擦型螺栓连接节点的弯矩分配系数计算式所得结果与数值模拟结果吻合良好,最大误差为7.13%,该计算可用于优化螺栓连接设计。

钢结构半刚性连接节点研究现状

半刚性连接具刚度、延性和载荷能力,抗震性能优越,施工难度低,是实用且经济的连接方式。但半刚性连接受力复杂,力学特性分析难度大,且国内规范中缺乏针对性的分类标准和设计方法。综合国内外文献规范,简述了梁柱节点的分类及特点,详细介绍了钢结构半刚性节点连接类型、研究方法和研究成果,通过分析当前研究进展,指出未来所需研究的问题与方向,为钢结构半刚性节点研究、设计与实际运用提供思路与参考。

光伏并网逆变器的VSG转动惯量自适应控制方法

虚拟同步发电机是光伏并网逆变器中控制电子变换器的主要设备,但易受光伏发电动态性能的影响,导致转动惯量的控制精度较低。为此,提出光伏并网逆变器的VSG转动惯量自适应控制方法。根据光伏并网逆变器的VSG结构,在联立同步发电机中生成VSG的稳态输出,获取功率输出对逆变器VSG的特性影响。通过计算转动惯量与逆变器频率波动之间的函数关系,得出阻尼系数和频率变化程度,根据角速度偏差及变化率的实时情况调整转动惯量,明确不同程度的负荷投切情况,获取高精度转动惯量自适应控制结果。实验结果表明,所提方法在输出的有功和无功功率比较中,在0.26 s内即可快速进入平稳状态,在0.40 s时转动惯量趋于稳定,表明该方法的功率控制效果好、可实现转动惯量的高精度控制。

基于三参数模型的方钢管柱-H型梁单向螺栓端板连接节点承载力研究

单向螺栓可较好地解决封闭截面内使用普通螺栓带来的施工不便和焊缝连接易发生脆性断裂等问题。为探索方钢管柱与H型梁单向螺栓端板连接节点的承载性能和影响因素,分别对梁柱平齐式端板连接节点和梁柱外伸式端板连接节点进行静力加载试验。试验通过校准有限元模型,发现两组数据吻合度较高,对此通过改变方钢管柱、H型梁和端板的截面参数与单向螺栓的直径建立了有限元模型进行承载力分析。研究结果表明:梁高度、柱壁厚度和螺栓直径对梁柱平齐式端板连接节点和梁柱外伸式端板连接节点的初始刚度和极限弯矩都有较大影响;梁柱外伸式端板连接节点的初始刚度和极限弯矩还受端板的宽度和厚度的影响。最后基于三参数模型拟合出初始刚度、极限弯矩和形状系数的近似公式,为此类节点在工程中的应用提供了参考。

后结合预应力组合梁桥的抗裂性能试验

为研究后结合预应力组合梁桥的预压应力分布和负弯矩区抗裂性能,设计2根连续组合试验梁,其中一根为负弯矩区设计成全预应力混凝土板的后结合组合梁,另一根为无预应力的普通组合梁。测试了试验梁在张拉预应力筋和静力加载过程的受力性能,得到负弯矩区截面的应力状态和裂缝分布。试验表明:因钢梁和混凝土板不连接,预压应力由混凝土板承担且混凝土截面的预压应力沿着横向的分布不均匀。后结合预应力组合梁的初始开裂荷载和群钉孔外的开裂荷载分别是普通组合梁的3.1和5.0倍。后结合预应力组合梁抑制裂缝沿着横向贯穿混凝土板,提高了负弯矩区的抗裂性能。混凝土平均裂缝间距约等于横向钢筋间距。后结合预应力组合梁在开裂后的受力状态与普通组合梁类似。

酸性盐腐蚀球墨铸铁管连接件抗弯性能试验

为了探究酸性氯盐腐蚀条件下的法兰连接球墨铸铁管受弯性能的变化规律,采用酸性NaCl溶液对法兰连接球墨铸铁管通过干湿交替处理后进行受弯试验,对腐蚀试件的极限承载力、屈服弯矩和极限弯矩、应变等方面与标准件进行对比分析.结果表明:干湿循环腐蚀后,球墨铸铁管连接件极限弯矩与屈服弯矩的比值随着干湿循环次数的增多而变小,约在1.2~1.4之间;经100次的干湿循环腐蚀,球墨铸铁法兰管连接件的极限承载力下降了35.13%.经酸性氯盐干湿循环处理后的球墨铸铁管更容易在法兰盘与管体的连接处发生脆性破坏.

密拼连接叠合双向板挠度计算方法研究

根据已完成的四边不出筋密拼连接叠合双向板原位加载试验研究成果,分析了钢筋桁架叠合双向板与现浇板抗弯刚度、挠度存在差异的机理。考虑弯矩调整、裂缝分布、支座附加筋及钢筋桁架等因素引入相关挠度折减系数对既有挠度计算方法进行修正。基于ACI318有效惯性矩方法、修正ASCE方法对叠合双向板挠度进行理论计算得出,ACI318有效惯性矩方法计算结果高估了叠合双向板弹性阶段刚度,修正ASCE方法适用于弹性阶段。解析刚度法结合修正挠度计算方法可用于计算叠合双向板挠度,适用于叠合双向板弹性和塑性阶段,计算值与实测值吻合较好。通过数值模拟开展参数分析得出,叠合双向板的抗弯刚度随现浇层与预制底板厚度比值的增大而提升明显,但钢筋桁架与支座附加筋等因素的刚度增强效应会减小。

采用BP-ANN模型的梁柱平齐端板连接节点极限抗弯承载力预测研究

筛选文献中报道的143组试验数据,采用误差反向传播人工神经网络(BP-ANN)建立和训练了1个2层BP-ANN模型,对梁柱平齐端板连接节点的极限抗弯承载力进行了预测。该模型利用20个组件特征参数作为输入,以极限抗弯承载力作为输出。通过与传统机器学习算法预测结果对比,验证了方法和模型的有效性,并依据模型推导出一个实用简化的极限抗弯承载力数学表达式。统计分析结果显示:经过训练的BP-ANN模型,在测试集上的平均绝对百分比误差(MAPE)为5.28%,均方误差(MSE)为5.79×10^(-4)。另外,对特征参数进行敏感性分析,得到了组件特征对节点极限抗弯承载力的影响程度。研究结果表明:采用BP-ANN模型能够综合考虑组件特征对节点极限抗弯承载力的影响,预测结果较为准确;该模型为梁柱连接性能评估和改进提供了智能化的解决方案,可作为数值模拟和结构试验研究的有力补充。

跨航道简支钢桁梁桥主桁节点与横梁连接性能研究

对于简支钢桁梁桥,主桁受力变形会引起桥面系的变形,进而使横梁产生面外弯矩,影响整体受力性能;同时横梁面内也承受较大的弯矩,使得横梁与主桁连接部位应力较大。为改善横梁面外受力与面内受力情况,提高主桁节点与横梁连接性能,首先建立整体模型并通过参数分析研究采用不同施工方法对横梁面外弯矩的影响;然后,基于局部模型分析了横梁与主桁连接部位的受力情况,并对比了不同构造措施对此连接区域受力的改善程度。研究表明:采用纵梁滞后安装、设置长圆孔等措施可以一定程度上降低恒载作用下纵梁与主桁纵向变形不一致导致的横梁面外弯矩,但是考虑活载效应后,各种措施降低效果有所减少;对于传统的横梁与主桁连接形式,由于横梁面内弯矩较大,腹板与主桁连接角钢会出现较大的应力,采用纵梁滞后安装、设置长圆孔等施工措施不能有效降低此应力,故成为结构的薄弱环节;在横梁上翼缘与主桁连接位置采用角钢连接的加强构造形式可以有效提高节点刚度,降低主桁与横梁连接部位的应力水平;采用整体节点的构造形式则可以有效避开横梁与主桁连接的受力薄弱位置,新的连接位置距离主桁一定距离,从而大幅度降低了连接位置的应力水平。

木结构钢销-短钢梁刚性连接弯矩-转角曲线简化计算方法

结合已有研究成果及国外规范的建议,对木结构钢销-短钢梁刚性连接节点提出了设计和构造建议,并针对该类节点连接提出了相应的弯矩-转角(M-φ)曲线形式及弹性阶段节点刚度的简化计算方法;通过有限元数值模拟与理论推导结果的对比,证明了该方法的正确性,且节点能够有效地传递截面的剪力和弯矩,满足刚性节点的要求;该方法计算简单,实操性强,为现代木结构设计提供了一种新的思路。

An innovative model for predicting the displacement and rotation of column-tree moment connection under fire

In this study,we carried out nonlinear finite element simulations to predict the performance of a columntree moment connection(CTMC)under fire and static loads.We also conducted a detailed parameter study based on five input variables,including the applied temperature,number of flange bolts,number of web bolts,length of the beam,and applied static loads.The first variable is changed among seven levels,whereas the other variables are changed among three levels.Employing the Taguchi method for variables 2-5 and their levels,9 samples were designed for the parameter study,where each sample was exposed to 7 different temperatures yielding 63 outputs.The related variables for each output are imported for the training and testing of different surrogate models.These surrogate models include a multiple linear regression(MLR),multiple Ln equation regression(MLnER),an adaptive network-based fuzzy inference system(ANFIS),and gene expression programming(GEP).44 samples were used for training randomly while the remaining samples were employed for testing.We show that GEP outperforms MLR,MLnER,and ANFIS.The results indicate that the rotation and deflection of the CTMC depend on the temperature.In addition,the fire resistance increases with a decrease in the beam length;thus,a shorter beam can increase the fire resistance of the building.The numbers of flanges and web bolts slightly affect the rotation and displacement of the CTMCs at temperatures of above 400℃.

预应力混凝土管桩与承台连接节点弯矩变化测试研究

预应力混凝土管桩是目前较多施工场所必不可少的材料之一,分析管桩连接节点的抗弯能力,可为施工提供一定的安全保障。从5 m预应力混凝土(PHC)管桩中截取部分截桩,以此作为试验管桩,设计2个管桩与承台的连接节点试件,在连接节点试件与管桩上装置传感器,采集加载后的数据,并计算开裂弯矩与极限弯矩变化,得到试件加载特征。结果表明,试件1的承载力较强,2组试件的底部应变明显大于试件的中部与顶部,试件顶部受加载影响较小。当单向加载不断增大,2组试件的跨中挠度与挠度增长率随之提升,逐渐发生底部位移,但试件1的挠度变化较小,在管桩东西侧装置传感器,经双向载荷加载后,2组试件的锚固钢筋同时发生应变,配备预应力筋能大大增强管桩的抗弯性能。