The Effect of Key Nodes on theMalware Dynamics in the Industrial Control Network

As industrialization and informatization becomemore deeply intertwined,industrial control networks have entered an era of intelligence.The connection between industrial control networks and the external internet is becoming increasingly close,which leads to frequent security accidents.This paper proposes a model for the industrial control network.It includes a malware containment strategy that integrates intrusion detection,quarantine,and monitoring.Basedonthismodel,the role of keynodes in the spreadofmalware is studied,a comparisonexperiment is conducted to validate the impact of the containment strategy.In addition,the dynamic behavior of the model is analyzed,the basic reproduction number is computed,and the disease-free and endemic equilibrium of the model is also obtained by the basic reproduction number.Moreover,through simulation experiments,the effectiveness of the containment strategy is validated,the influence of the relevant parameters is analyzed,and the containment strategy is optimized.In otherwords,selective immunity to key nodes can effectively suppress the spread ofmalware andmaintain the stability of industrial control systems.The earlier the immunization of key nodes,the better.Once the time exceeds the threshold,immunizing key nodes is almost ineffective.The analysis provides a better way to contain the malware in the industrial control network.

Management of lateral pelvic lymph nodes in rectal cancer:Is it time to reach an Agreement?

In this editorial,we proceed to comment on the article by Chua et al,addressing the management of metastatic lateral pelvic lymph nodes(mLLN)in stage II/III rectal cancer patients below the peritoneal reflection.The treatment of this nodal area sparks significant controversy due to the strategic differences followed by Eastern and Western physicians,albeit with a higher degree of convergence in recent years.The dissection of lateral pelvic lymph nodes without neoadjuvant therapy is a standard practice in Eastern countries.In contrast,in the West,preference leans towards opting for neoadjuvant therapy with chemoradiotherapy or radiotherapy,that would cover the treatment of this area without the need to add the dissection of these nodes to the total mesorectal excision.In the presence of high-risk nodal characteristics for mLLN related to radiological imaging and lack of response to neoadjuvant therapy,the risk of lateral local recurrence increases,suggesting the appropriate selection of strategies to reduce the risk of recurrence in each patient profile.Despite the heterogeneous and retrospective nature of studies addressing this area,an international consensus is necessary to approach this clinical scenario uniformly.

Can we triumph over locally advanced cervical cancer with colossal para-aortic lymph nodes? A case report

BACKGROUND Para-aortic lymph nodes(PALNs)are common sites for the regional spread of cervical squamous cell carcinoma(SCC).CASE SUMMARY We report the case of a 36-year-old woman who presented with cervical SCC with multiple bulky PALNs,largest measured 4.5 cm×5 cm×10 cm.The patient was treated with radical intent with definitive chemoradiation using sequential doseescalated adaptive radiotherapy,followed by maintenance chemotherapy.The patient achieved a complete response;she has been doing well since the completion of treatment with no evidence of the disease for 2 years.CONCLUSION Regardless of the size of PALN metastases of cervical carcinoma origin,it is still treatable(with radical intent)via concurrent chemoradiation.Adaptive radiotherapy allows dose escalation with minimal toxicity.

Magnetic resonance imaging-based lymph node radiomics for predicting the metastasis of evaluable lymph nodes in rectal cancer

BACKGROUND Lymph node(LN)staging in rectal cancer(RC)affects treatment decisions and patient prognosis.For radiologists,the traditional preoperative assessment of LN metastasis(LNM)using magnetic resonance imaging(MRI)poses a challenge.AIM To explore the value of a nomogram model that combines Conventional MRI and radiomics features from the LNs of RC in assessing the preoperative metastasis of evaluable LNs.METHODS In this retrospective study,270 LNs(158 nonmetastatic,112 metastatic)were randomly split into training(n=189)and validation sets(n=81).LNs were classified based on pathology-MRI matching.Conventional MRI features[size,shape,margin,T2-weighted imaging(T2WI)appearance,and CE-T1-weighted imaging(T1WI)enhancement]were evaluated.Three radiomics models used 3D features from T1WI and T2WI images.Additionally,a nomogram model combining conventional MRI and radiomics features was developed.The model used univariate analysis and multivariable logistic regression.Evaluation employed the receiver operating characteristic curve,with DeLong test for comparing diagnostic performance.Nomogram performance was assessed using calibration and decision curve analysis.RESULTS The nomogram model outperformed conventional MRI and single radiomics models in evaluating LNM.In the training set,the nomogram model achieved an area under the curve(AUC)of 0.92,which was significantly higher than the AUCs of 0.82(P<0.001)and 0.89(P<0.001)of the conventional MRI and radiomics models,respectively.In the validation set,the nomogram model achieved an AUC of 0.91,significantly surpassing 0.80(P<0.001)and 0.86(P<0.001),respectively.CONCLUSION The nomogram model showed the best performance in predicting metastasis of evaluable LNs.

"Five steps four quadrants" modularized en bloc dissection technique for accessing hepatic hilum lymph nodes in laparoscopic pancreaticoduodenectomy

BACKGROUND Although en bloc dissection of hepatic hilum lymph nodes has many advantages in radical tumor treatment,the feasibility and safety of this approach for laparo-scopic pancreaticoduodenectomy(LPD)require further clinical evaluation and investigation.AIM To explore the application value of the"five steps four quadrants"modularized en bloc dissection technique for accessing hepatic hilum lymph nodes in LPD patients.METHODS A total of 52 patients who underwent LPD via the"five steps four quadrants"modularized en bloc dissection technique for hepatic hilum lymph nodes from April 2021 to July 2023 in our department were analyzed retrospectively.The patients'body mass index(BMI),preoperative laboratory indices,intraoperative variables and postoperative complications were recorded.The relationships between preoperative data and intraoperative lymph node dissection time and blood loss were also analyzed.RESULTS Among the 52 patients,36 were males and 16 were females,and the average age was 62.2±11.0 years.There were 26 patients with pancreatic head cancer,16 patients with periampullary cancer,and 10 patients with distal bile duct cancer.The BMI was 22.3±3.3 kg/m²,and the median total bilirubin(TBIL)concentration was 57.7(16.0-155.7)µmol/L.All patients successfully underwent the"five steps four quadrants"modularized en bloc dissection technique without lymph node clearance-related complications such as postoperative bleeding or lymphatic leakage.Correlation analysis revealed significant associations between preoperative BMI(r=0.3581,P=0.0091),TBIL level(r=0.2988,P=0.0341),prothrombin time(r=0.3018,P=0.0297)and lymph node dissection time.Moreover,dissection time was significantly correlated with intraoperative blood loss(r=0.7744,P<0.0001).Further stratified analysis demonstrated that patients with a preoperative BMI≥21.9 kg/m²and a TIBL concentration≥57.7μmol/L had significantly longer lymph node dissection times(both P<0.05).CONCLUSION The"five steps four quadrants"modularized en bloc dissection technique for accessing the hepatic hilum lymph node is safe and feasible for LPD.This technique is expected to improve the efficiency of hepatic hilum lymph node dissection and shorten the learning curve;thus,it is worthy of further clinical promotion and application.

基于改进Node2vec算法的锅炉温度场分割方法研究

针对温度场特征参数差异引发的锅炉温度场分割准确性的问题,以维持温度场特征为目标,引入图结构表达场数据,通过改进Node2vec算法进行聚类分析,进而实现锅炉温度场的最佳分割。该方法基于多维度的特征信息对锅炉温度场实现分割,能够更准确地保留流场特征。在标准数据集上进行了实验验证,结果表明在具有多维度特征的数据集上,所提方法相比其他对比算法在分割效果方面有提升显著。最后将提出的方法用于分割电站锅炉温度场,结果表明该方法可以很好地捕捉温度场数据中的局部和全局特征,且结果具有较好的精确性。

Application of Nano-Delivery Systems in Lymph Nodes for Tumor Immunotherapy

Immunotherapy has become a promising research“hotspot”in cancer treatment.“Soldier”immune cells are not uniform throughout the body;they accumulate mostly in the immune organs such as the spleen and lymph nodes(LNs),etc.The unique structure of LNs provides the microenvironment suitable for the survival,activation,and proliferation of multiple types of immune cells.LNs play an important role in both the initiation of adaptive immunity and the generation of durable anti-tumor responses.Antigens taken up by antigen-presenting cells in peripheral tissues need to migrate with lymphatic fluid to LNs to activate the lymphocytes therein.Meanwhile,the accumulation and retaining of many immune functional compounds in LNs enhance their efficacy significantly.Therefore,LNs have become a key target for tumor immunotherapy.Unfortunately,the nonspecific distribution of the immune drugs in vivo greatly limits the activation and proliferation of immune cells,which leads to unsatisfactory anti-tumor effects.The efficient nano-delivery system to LNs is an effective strategy to maximize the efficacy of immune drugs.Nano-delivery systems have shown beneficial in improving biodistribution and enhancing accumulation in lymphoid tissues,exhibiting powerful and promising prospects for achieving effective delivery to LNs.Herein,the physiological structure and the delivery barriers of LNs were summarized and the factors affecting LNs accumulation were discussed thoroughly.Moreover,developments in nano-delivery systems were reviewed and the transformation prospects of LNs targeting nanocarriers were summarized and discussed.

Advantage of log odds of positive lymph nodes in prognostic evaluation of patients with early-onset colon cancer

BACKGROUND Colon cancer(CC)is one of the most common cancers of the digestive tract,the third most common cancer worldwide,and the second most common cause of cancer-related deaths.Previous studies have demonstrated a higher risk of lymph node metastasis(LNM)in young patients with CC.It might be reasonable to treat patients with early-onset locally advanced CC with extended lymph node dissection.However,few studies have focused on early-onset CC(ECC)patients with LNM.At present,the methods of predicting and evaluating the prognosis of ECC patients with LNM are controversial.From the data of patients with CC obtained from the Surveillance,Epidemiology,and End Results(SEER)database,data of young patients with ECC(≤50 years old)was screened.Patients with unknown data were excluded from the study,while the remaining patients were included.The patients were randomly divided into a training group(train)and a testing group(test)in the ratio of 7:3,while building the model.The model was constructed by the training group and verified by the testing group.Using multiple Cox regression models to compare the prediction efficiency of LNM indicators,nomograms were built based on the best model selected for overall survival(OS)and cause-specific survival(CSS).In the two groups,the performance of the nomogram was evaluated by constructing a calibration plot,time-dependent area under the curve(AUC),and decision curve analysis.Finally,the patients were grouped based on the risk score predicted by the prognosis model,and the survival curve was constructed after comparing the survival status of the high and low-risk groups.RESULTS Records of 26922 ECC patients were screened from the SEER database.N classification,positive lymph nodes(PLN),lymph node ratio(LNR)and log odds of PLN(LODDS)were considered to be independent predictors of OS and CSS.In addition,independent risk factors for OS included gender,race,marital status,primary site,histology,grade,T,and M classification,while the independent prognostic factors for CSS included race,marital status,primary site,grade,T,and M classification.The prediction model including LODDS is composed of minimal Akaike information criterion,maximal concordance indexes,and AUCs.Factors including gender,race,marital status,primary site,histology,grade,T,M classification,and LODDS were integrated into the OS nomogram,while race,marital status,primary site,grade,T,M classification,and LODDS were included into the CSS nomogram.The nomogram representing both cohorts had been successfully verified in terms of prediction accuracy and clinical practicability.CONCLUSION LODDS is superior to N-stage,PLN,and LNR of ECC.The nomogram containing LODDS might be helpful in tumor evaluation and clinical decision-making,since it provides an appropriate prediction of ECC.

Current perspectives on the management of lateral pelvic lymph nodes in rectal cancer

Significant controversies exist with regards to the optimal management of lateral pelvic lymph nodes metastases(mLLN)in patients with low rectal cancer.The differing views held by Japanese and Western clinicians on the management of mLLN have been well documented.However,the adequacy of pelvic lymph node dissection(PLND)or neoadjuvant chemoradiation(NACRT)alone in addition to total mesorectal excision(TME)have recently come into question,due to the relatively high incidence of lateral local recurrences following PLND and TME,or NACRT and TME alone.Recently,a more selective approach to PLND has been suggested,involving a combination of neoadjuvant therapy,followed by PLND only to patients in whom the oncological benefit is likely to outweigh the risk of potential adverse events.A number of studies have attempted to retrospectively identify certain nodal characteristics on preoperative imaging,such as nodal size,appearance,and size reduction following neoadjuvant therapy.However,no consensus has been reached regarding the optimal criteria for a selective approach to PLND,partly due to the heterogeneity and retrospective nature of most of these studies.This review aims to provide an overview of recent evidence with regards to the diagnostic challenges,considerations for,and outcomes of the current management strategies for mLLN in rectal cancer patients.

Critical Nodes Identification: A Non-Cooperative Method for Unknown Topology Information in Ad Hoc Networks

The foundation of ad hoc networks lies in the guarantee of continuous connectivity.However,critical nodes,whose failure can easily destroy network connectivity,will influence the ad hoc network connectivity significantly.To protect the network efficiently,critical nodes should be identified accurately and rapidly.Unlike existing critical node identification methods for unknown topology that identify critical nodes according to historical information,this paper develops a critical node identification method to relax the prior topology information condition about critical nodes.Specifically,we first deduce a theorem about the minimum communication range for a node through the number of nodes and deployment ranges,and prove the universality of the theorem in a realistic two-dimensional scenario.After that,we analyze the relationship between communication range and degree value for each node and prove that the greater number of nodes within the communication range of a node,the greater degree value of nodes with high probability.Moreover,we develop a novel strategy to improve the accuracy of critical node identification without topology information.Finally,simulation results indicate the proposed strategy can achieve high accuracy and low redundancy while ensuring low time consumption in the scenarios with unknown topology information in ad hoc networks.

Avoid Suspicious Route of Blackhole Nodes in MANET’s:Using A Cooperative Trapping

Mobile Ad hoc Network(MANET)is decentralized wireless network and can communicate without existing infrastructure in many areas.MANET is vulnerable to various attacks that affect its performance such as blackhole attack.Blackhole attacker,inject fault routing information to persuade the source node to select the path with malicious node as the shortest path.To eliminate malicious nodes from launching any collaborative attack.A cooperative Trapping Approach(CTA)was proposed based on modifying Ad-hoc On-demand Distance Vector(AODV)routing protocol and trapping the malicious nodes by responding to the trap request message.The approach aims to eliminate and rule out both single and collaborative malicious blackhole nodes from any attack.The approach realizes a backward tracking mechanism to perform the elimination process.The proposed algorithm(CTA)was executed using NS-2 network simulator.The performance metrics that has been considered to evaluate the performance of the proposed algorithm such as throughput,end to end delay,packet delivery ratio,and consuming energy.The experimental results have shown the performance metrics of the proposed approach outperformed other state of at algorithms.

SLGC: Identifying influential nodes in complex networks from the perspectives of self-centrality, local centrality, and global centrality

Identifying influential nodes in complex networks and ranking their importance plays an important role in many fields such as public opinion analysis, marketing, epidemic prevention and control. To solve the issue of the existing node centrality measure only considering the specific statistical feature of a single dimension, a SLGC model is proposed that combines a node’s self-influence, its local neighborhood influence, and global influence to identify influential nodes in the network. The exponential function of e is introduced to measure the node’s self-influence;in the local neighborhood,the node’s one-hop neighboring nodes and two-hop neighboring nodes are considered, while the information entropy is introduced to measure the node’s local influence;the topological position of the node in the network and the shortest path between nodes are considered to measure the node’s global influence. To demonstrate the effectiveness of the proposed model, extensive comparison experiments are conducted with eight existing node centrality measures on six real network data sets using node differentiation ability experiments, susceptible–infected–recovered(SIR) model and network efficiency as evaluation criteria. The experimental results show that the method can identify influential nodes in complex networks more accurately.

Distribution of splenic artery lymph nodes and splenic hilar lymph nodes

BACKGROUND Total gastrectomy with splenectomy is the standard treatment for advanced proximal gastric cancer with greater-curvature invasion.As an alternative to splenectomy,laparoscopic spleen-preserving splenic hilar lymph node(LN)dissection(SPSHLD)has been developed.With SPSHLD,the posterior splenic hilar LNs are left behind.AIM To clarify the distribution of splenic hilar(No.10)and splenic artery(No.11p and 11d)LNs and to verify the possibility of omitting posterior LN dissection in laparoscopic SPSHLD from an anatomical standpoint.METHODS Hematoxylin&eosin-stained specimens were prepared from six cadavers,and the distribution of LN No.10,11p,and 11d was evaluated.In addition,heatmaps were constructed and three-dimensional reconstructions were created to visualize the LN distribution for qualitative evaluation.RESULTS There was little difference in the number of No.10 LNs between the anterior and posterior sides.For LN No.11p and 11d,the anterior LNs were more numerous than the posterior LNs in all cases.The number of posterior LNs increased toward the hilar side.Heatmaps and three-dimensional reconstructions showed that LN No.11p was more abundant in the superficial area,while LN No.11d and 10 were more abundant in the deep intervascular area.CONCLUSION The number of posterior LNs increased toward the hilum and was not neglectable.Thus,surgeons should consider that some posterior No.10 and No.11d LNs may remain after SPSHLD.

Tailoring OAM spectrum of high-order harmonic generation driven by two mixed Laguerre–Gaussian beams with nonzero radial nodes

The extreme ultraviolet(XUV)light beam carrying orbital angular momentum(OAM)can be produced via high-order harmonic generation(HHG)due to the interaction of an intense vortex infrared laser and a gas medium.Here we show that the OAM spectrum of vortex HHG can be readily tailored by varying the radial node(from 0 to 2)in the driving laser consisting of two mixed Laguerre-Gaussian(LG)beams.We find that due to the change in spatial profile of HHG,the distribution range of the OAM spectrum can be broadened and its shape can be modified by increasing the radial node.We also show that the OAM mode range becomes much wider and its distribution shape becomes more symmetric when the harmonic order is increased from the plateau to the cutoff when the driving laser has the nonzero radial nodes.Through the map of coherence length and the evolution of harmonic field in the medium,we reveal that the favorable off-axis phase-matching conditions are greatly modified due to the change of intensity and phase distributions of driving laser with the radial node.We anticipate this work to stimulate some interests in generating the XUV vortex beam with tunable OAM spectrum through the gaseous HHG process achieved by manipulating the mode properties of the driving laser beam.

基于Node.js的农业物联网应用平台设计

文章的研究目的在于提出基于Node.js的物联网应用平台设计方案,解决物联网实际运行过程中数据上传存在的问题,提出并设计一种基于Node.js的农业物联网应用平台,可以实现对农业生产环境参数的监测与控制。首先介绍农业物联网的背景与需求,明确研究目标,其次详细描述本平台的设计思路与架构,主要应用层平台软件的设计与实现。平台的实际应用显示,本平台能够在实现物联网常见功能的同时,支持更大的数据并发处理需求,对于农业物联网的应用特点有着更好的支持作用。

Analysis of the optimal target node to reduce seizure-like discharge in networks

Network approaches have been widely accepted to guide surgical strategy and predict outcome for epilepsy treatment.This study starts with a single oscillator to explore brain activity,using a phenomenological model capable of describing healthy and epileptic states.The ictal number of seizures decreases or remains unchanged with increasing the speed of oscillator excitability and in each seizure,there is an increasing tendency for ictal duration with respect to the speed.The underlying reason is that the strong excitability speed is conducive to reduce transition behaviors between two attractor basins.Moreover,the selection of the optimal removal node is estimated by an indicator proposed in this study.Results show that when the indicator is less than the threshold,removing the driving node is more possible to reduce seizures significantly,while the indicator exceeds the threshold,the epileptic node could be the removal one.Furthermore,the driving node is such a potential target that stimulating it is obviously effective in suppressing seizure-like activity compared to other nodes,and the propensity of seizures can be reduced 60%with the increased stimulus strength.Our results could provide new therapeutic ideas for epilepsy surgery and neuromodulation.

Fifty-five cases of hepatic alveolar echinococcosis combined with lymph node metastasis:A retrospective study

BACKGROUND Lymph node metastasis is a specific type of metastasis in hepatic alveolar echinococcosis(AE).Currently,there is a scarcity of describing the clinical characteristics and lymph node metastasis rules of patients with hepatic AE combined with lymph node metastasis and its mechanism and management are still controversial.Radical hepatectomy combined with regional lymph node dissection is a better treatment.AIM To analyse the clinical features of hepatic AE combined with lymph node metastasis to explore its treatment and efficacy.METHODS A total of 623 patients with hepatic AE admitted to the First Affiliated Hospital of Xinjiang Medical University from 1 January 2012 to 1 January 2022 were retrospectively analysed.Fifty-five patients with combined lymph node metastasis were analysed for their clinical data,diagnosis and treatment methods,follow-up efficacy,and characteristics of lymph node metastasis.Finally,we comparatively analysed the lymph node metastasis rates at different sites.Categorical variables are expressed as frequencies and percentages,and the analysis of difference was performed using theχ2 test.The Bonferroni method was used for pairwise comparisons when statistical differences existed between multiple categorical variables.RESULTS A lymph node metastasis rate of 8.8%(55/623)was reported in patients with hepatic AE,with a female predilection(69.1%)and a statistically significant sex difference(χ2=8.018,P=0.005).Of the 55 patients with lymph node metastasis,72.7%had a parasite lesion,neighbouring organ invasion,and metastasis stage of P3N1M0 and above,of which 67.3%,78.2%,and 34.5%of hepatic AE lesions invaded the bile ducts,blood vessels,and distant metastases,respectively.Detection rates of lymph node metastasis of 16.4%,21.7%,and 34.2%were reported for a preoperative abdominal ultrasound,magnetic resonance imaging,and computed tomography examinations.All patients were intraoperatively suspected with enlarged lymph nodes and underwent radical hepatectomy combined with regional lymph node dissection.After surgery,a routine pathological examination was conducted on the resected lymph nodes.A total of 106 positive lymph nodes were detected in six groups at various sites,including 51 single-group metastasis cases and four multi-group metastasis cases.When the metastasis rates at different sites were statistically analysed,we observed that the metastasis rate in the para-hepatoduodenal ligament lymph nodes was significantly higher than that of the other sites(χ2=128.089,P=0.000<0.05).No statistical difference was observed in the metastasis rate between the five other groups.Clavien-Dindo grade IIIa complication occurred in 14 cases,which improved after administering symptomatic treatment.Additionally,lymph node dissection-related complications were not observed.Recurrence after 2 years was observed in one patient.CONCLUSION Lymph node metastasis is a rare form of metastasis in hepatic AE,which is more frequent in women.Parahepatoduodenal ligament lymph nodes are commonly observed.Radical hepatectomy combined with regional lymph node dissection is a safe,effective,and feasible treatment for liver AE combined with lymph node metastasis.

Different lymph node staging systems for predicting the prognosis of colorectal neuroendocrine neoplasms

BACKGROUND Colorectal neuroendocrine neoplasms(NENs)are a rare malignancy that primarily arises from the diffuse distribution of neuroendocrine cells in the colon and rectum.Previous studies have pointed out that the status of lymph node may be used to predict the prognosis.AIM To investigate the predictive values of lymph node ratio(LNR),positive lymph node(PLN),and log odds of PLNs(LODDS)staging systems on the prognosis of colorectal NENs treated surgically,and compare their predictive values.METHODS This cohort study included 895 patients with colorectal NENs treated surgically from the Surveillance,Epidemiology,and End Results database.The endpoint was mortality of patients with colorectal NENs treated surgically.X-tile software was utilized to identify most suitable thresholds for categorizing the LNR,PLN,and LODDS.Participants were selected in a random manner to form training and testing sets.The prognosis of surgically treating colorectal NENs was examined using multivariate cox analysis to assess the associations of LNR,PLN,and LODDS with the prognosis of colorectal NENs.C-index was used for assessing the predictive effectiveness.We conducted a subgroup analysis to explore the different lymph node staging systems’predictive values.RESULTS After adjusting all confounding factors,PLN,LNR and LODDS staging systems were linked with mortality in patients with colorectal NENs treated surgically(P<0.05).We found that LODDS staging had a higher prognostic value for patients with colorectal NENs treated surgically than PLN and LNR staging systems.Similar results were obtained in the different G staging subgroup analyses.Furthermore,the area under the receiver operating characteristic curve values for LODDS staging system remained consistently higher than those of PLN or LNR,even at the 1-,2-,3-,4-,5-and 6-year follow-up periods.CONCLUSION LNR,PLN,and LODDS were found to significantly predict the prognosis of patients with colorectal NENs treated surgically.

Robotic-assisted retroperitoneal lymph node dissection for stage II testicular cancer

Objective:To evaluate the perioperative as well as early oncological outcomes of patients undergoing robotic retroperitoneal lymph node dissection for treatment of testicular cancer.Methods:We conducted a prospective consecutive case series of patients undergoing robotic assisted retroperitoneal lymph node dissection for metastatic testicular cancer between May 2018 and July 2021 at our institution.Data were collected on patient and tumour characteristics,intraoperative and postoperative parameters,and functional and oncological outcomes.Descriptive statistics are presented.Results:Nineteen patients were identified;18(94.7%)completed the procedure robotically and one was converted to open surgery;78.9%of patients had stage≥IIB and 12(63.2%)patients had undergone prior chemotherapy.The median operative time was 300(interquartile range[IQR]240-315)min.Median blood loss was 100(IQR 50-175)mL.Median length of stay was 2(range 1-11)days.All robotically completed patients commenced diet and passed flatus on Day 1 and were discharged by Day 3.The median lymph node yield was 40.5(IQR 38-51)nodes.All patients undergoing nerve-sparing procedures recovered antegrade ejaculatory function.One patient had a Clavien-Dindo III complication(chylous ascites requiring drainage).At a median follow-up of 22.3(IQR 16.3-24.9)months,one patient developed retroperitoneal recurrence,which was successfully treated with second-line chemotherapy;no other patients have had recurrences.Conclusion:Robotic retroperitoneal lymph node dissection is a safe and feasible alternative to open surgery in appropriately selected patients,offering low morbidity.Early oncological outcomes are promising.Larger cohorts and longer follow-ups are required to validate our institution's findings.

A Layered Energy-Efficient Multi-Node Scheduling Mechanism for Large-Scale WSN

In recent years, target tracking has been considered one of the most important applications of wireless sensornetwork (WSN). Optimizing target tracking performance and prolonging network lifetime are two equally criticalobjectives in this scenario. The existing mechanisms still have weaknesses in balancing the two demands. Theproposed heuristic multi-node collaborative scheduling mechanism (HMNCS) comprises cluster head (CH)election, pre-selection, and task set selectionmechanisms, where the latter two kinds of selections forma two-layerselection mechanism. The CH election innovatively introduces the movement trend of the target and establishesa scoring mechanism to determine the optimal CH, which can delay the CH rotation and thus reduce energyconsumption. The pre-selection mechanism adaptively filters out suitable nodes as the candidate task set to applyfor tracking tasks, which can reduce the application consumption and the overhead of the following task setselection. Finally, the task node selection is mathematically transformed into an optimization problem and thegenetic algorithm is adopted to form a final task set in the task set selection mechanism. Simulation results showthat HMNCS outperforms other compared mechanisms in the tracking accuracy and the network lifetime.